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影响长输管道在役寿命原因分析与对策 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以格拉管道为例 ,总结了长输管道运行过程中影响现役寿命的 4种主要原因 ,即 :自然环境、第三方干扰、腐蚀和输油工艺变化。基于对原因的分析 ,提出了解决的对策。采取适合地域特点的水工保护技术措施 ;将管道埋设在冻胀力相对最小的“弱冻胀区” ,避免管道接触永冻土层 ;依靠社会力量和技术措施防止盗油 ;恢复阴极保护系统 ;更换穿越沼泽地段等腐蚀严重的 35 1km管道 ;对震害严重地区的管道转角处采用弹性敷设 ;防止水击发生 相似文献
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鲁皖成品油管道混油优化运行及处理分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了鲁皖成品油管道的概况以及汽柴油顺序输送运行的情况.在汽柴油顺序输送过程中,鲁皖管道根据混油产生以及影响混油量增加的因素逐步采取了减少初始混油、优化输油方案、优化混油切割等措施控制下载到末站的混油量,并且还采取了优化末站混油回掺的措施增加混油的回掺量.通过采取这些优化措施,鲁皖管道在混油运行与处理上取得了良好的效果,提高了管输效益.还针对目前管道运行情况为进一步优化运行,提出了几点改进建议. 相似文献
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顺序输送工况优化以寻求最大输量为目标,以获得运量多、混油少以及能耗低的经济效益,同时提高管输的安全性。本文研究了顺序输送多种油品,并在全线形成了多个混油“界面”的成品油管道的工况优化问题,给出了表述油口“界面”处于管道特殊点时全线能量平衡方程式和各校核点动压的统一计算式。 相似文献
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目前,鄯-兰管线采用加降凝剂改性输送和加热输送相结合的工艺顺序输送塔里木油、哈油、吐哈油及北疆与塔里木混油。三塘湖支线是在鄯-兰管线建成后新建的注入管线,三塘湖原油凝点较高,且降凝剂感受性不理想、稳定性未知。当采用全注入时,需要研究三塘湖原油进入鄯-兰管线后,加热或加剂输送能否安全输送至炼厂;当采用部分注入时,需要研究三塘湖原油与其他原油掺混后物性变化情况,重点研究不加剂三塘湖原油掺入加剂油后物性变化情况。研究方案分为4个时间段,侧重点各有不同,结合鄯-兰管线实际运行情况和注入后对管线的影响两个方面按由急到缓的顺序排定了测试顺序,将为工期相对紧张的相应配套工程开展设计工作提供基础条件。 相似文献
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"超限超载"的产生与发展,蕴藏着深层的内在运作机理,包含着复杂的经济社会原因.其中道路货物运输价格体系的长期扭曲失衡与成本结构的有欠合理是一个不容忽视的根本原因.为此,公路所开展了货运市场运价与成本"治超"专项研究,先后历时一个多月,行程数千公里,深入7省市运输一线,对21家典型企业和个体业户的23辆货车、24条线路进行了跟踪调查,获取了大量的第一手资料与原始数据,并对此进行了解析. 相似文献
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Ngila Mwase† 《运输评论》2013,33(3):191-206
Zambia has attempted to reduce her excessive transport dependency on her traditional transport routes via South Africa and the former Portugese colonies. The costly construction of the Tanzania‐Zambia Railway (TAZARA) was part of this diversification strategy. This article examines the nature, extent and direction of Zambian traffic, including its historical evolution. It explores further the place of TAZARA among the various routes to Mozambican, Angolan and South African ports, and the ensuing actual and potential competition. Future traffic patterns will be influenced not only by the direct and service‐oriented costs of the different lines, but also by the region's volatile and uncertain political climate. 相似文献
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针对海中箱梁现浇施工中的工程量大、工期紧迫、悬臂法施工不能满足工期要求和施工难度大等问题,文章结合青岛海湾大桥箱梁现浇施工实践,介绍以钢管桩支撑作为承载基础,采用贝雷梁与碗扣式支架相结合的支架,成功地解决现浇箱梁施工难题的方法。 相似文献
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Robert E. Paaswell 《Transportation》1973,2(4):351-371
An examination of current population statistics shows that in the U.S. more than half of the population is without immediate access to a car, and in the U.K. more than three-fifths of the population is without access to a car. This phenomenon has been accentuated by national investment in both countries in major highway programs. The term carless refers to more than just households that own no cars. It extends, in households with cars to those without licenses (old and young), the handicapped, and even the licensed drivers who have no access to the family car when it is in use elsewhere (e.g. at work). The most severely effected are those in urban areas and especially the urban poor. Transportation expenses are limited for the poor when other family expenditures (food, shelter) take a high priority. Once the work trip has been satisfied, money for other trips, for the poor, is not always available. One solution to cost-free travel is pedestrianism (walking), but this too is difficult in urban areas where the pedestrian has been overlooked in favor of the car. Solutions to problems of the carless include dial-a-ride, better public transit, and better design of urban form. 相似文献