声屏障在城市交通噪声污染防治中的应用前景分析

城市交通噪声危害已成为一个相当严重的社会公害。降低噪声,保护声环境的任务已迫在眉睫。本文通过比较现有几种交通降噪措施的特点,认为声屏障是应用前景较好的城市交通降噪措施。但针对声屏障自身的缺陷,需在设计时遵循以下原则:(1)声屏障要和周围景观相协调;(2)提倡在声屏障内前后种植各类植物;(3)声屏障形状要具有多变性和适应性;(4)注重声屏障材料的选用等原则。这样才能使声屏障更好地服务于城市交通环保。     

广西高等级公路交通噪声预测值的衰减规律的研究

文章根据广西高速公路目前车流量、车型比以及车速情况,结合交通环境噪声的实测数据,对高速公路交通噪声的变化规律进行分析研究。     

基于VISUM的中观交通模型分配方法

中观交通模型与一般交通模型相比,具有小区划分更细致,路网模拟更详细等特点,其更适用于日益拥挤的城市交通。鉴于此,从建立中观交通模型的必要性出发,介绍了路网建立、矩阵获取、交叉口通行能力分析(ICA)、分配方法等关键技术,重点对基于VISUM的ICA的平衡分配算法进行分析,介绍了算法的原理和基本流程,并通过模型建立,分析了ICA平衡算法相对于一般平衡分配算法的优点及主要输出结果。     

综合降噪技术在新泰至宁阳高速公路中的应用研究

采用低噪音路面和新型高效声屏障综合降噪技术处置交通噪声,并进行现场测试,测试数据表明,采用OGFC-13低噪音路面结构,在噪声200~1250 Hz频段,路面的平均吸声系数在0.25~0.59,吸声性能较好,可有效降低车内交通噪声约3.0 dB;在对试验段综合降噪效果的测试后发现,采用本文采用的综合降噪技术处置后,项目试验路段在距离声屏障屏体30 m处降噪效果为9.9 dB,相较普通路段降噪效果提升约4.3 dB,且监测数据表明,随着距离的增加,采用综合降噪技术处置的路段降噪效果表现的更加高效。     

街区制住宅的交通应对措施

针对《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的若干意见》中提出的优化街区路网结构的意见,本文分析住宅小区的发展及存在的问题,结合街区制的理念以及可能会带来的交通变化,从交通角度提出应对措施。首先,建议应构建绿色交通体系;其次,在规划小区中建议树立"窄马路、密路网"的布局理念、采用单向交通组织方式、精细化处理交叉口、加强自行车和步行系统建设和规划优质公交;在已建小区逐步打开过程中,注重开放小区内道路的定位,打通交通微循环系统,以人为本精细化设计以及交通稳静化设计。     

中国城市交通政策问题分析

尽管取得了前所未有的进步,但是在各级政府的城市交通行业政策及投资方面,中国还有许多工作要做。主要问题包括(:1)缺乏贯彻始终的国家城市交通政策(;2)"不恰当"的激励政策导致城市交通行业市场失灵;(3)国家政府的组织和筹资机制导致地方协调工作困难(;4)过于强调车辆交通,不重视人与货物的运输,且忽视了多种移动模式(;5)缺乏充分的教育与能力建设计划,无法提供协调化的科学交通发展所需的合格技术专家。本文认为,中国中央政府应当建立一个最高级别的多部门国家领导小组/特别工作组来解决这些问题。     

高速公路运营期声屏障降噪效果监测探讨

文章概述了高速公路交通噪声的特征、危害及主要防治措施,结合声屏障设计、建造、使用特点及现状,提出了定期开展高速公路运营期声屏障降噪效果监测工作的建议及监测方法,可为高速公路声屏障的管理提供参考依据。     

城市道路交通噪声治理措施分析

通过对道路交通噪声的污染危害及产生原因分析,提出了交通噪声从噪声源、传播途径及接收者三方面的治理措施。重点分析了不同类型的降噪路面和声屏障,并对各种降噪措施进行了适用性比较。     

高速公路路堤不同填筑高度下的位移及应力分析

文章以某地高速公路路堤填筑为研究对象,采用配制的改良土进行路堤填筑模拟分析,并研究了不同填筑高度下的路堤位移及应力变化规律。结果表明:(1)路堤水平位移沿中心两侧呈对称分布,从中心往两侧路肩方向水平位移依次增大,且路堤顶部位移随填筑高度增大,路堤填筑高度越大越不安全;(2)路堤顶部竖向位移最大,沿深度向下竖向位移逐渐减小,且路堤顶部中心最大竖向位移随填筑高度增大而增大,沿路堤中心向两侧竖向位移逐渐减小;(3)路堤坡脚位置处水平应力随路堤高度增加而增大,当填筑高度增大时应采取一定的坡面防护措施;(4)随着路堤高度的增加,路堤水平应力和竖向应力逐渐增大,且水平和竖向应力均随路堤填筑高度增大而增大。     

九州纵览

综合信息交通部采取五项举措提升交通建设安全水平2006年以来,交通部高度重视交通基础设施建设工程安全工作,通过修订行业安全标准和规程、开展交通建设施工安全专项整治、建立工程安全专家资源库、组织对施工企业“三类人员”进行安全考核发证和推动科技创新五大举措,使交通基础设施建设工程安全工作取得显著成效。2006年1月至10月,全国交通基础设施建设共发生一次死亡3人以上的重大安全事故6起,死亡20人,与2005年同期相比分另4下降45％和51．2％。     

城市桥梁声屏障设计及交通噪声控制研究

城市桥梁交通噪声污染随着城市道路的发展和车辆增多日益严重,引起了人们的普遍关注。文章以北大桥声屏障设计为研究对象,结合北大桥交通噪声污染调查分析,阐述了声屏障高度、声屏障结构形式等声屏障设计治理方案,并从规划阶段、运营阶段等方面探讨了城市桥梁交通噪声的控制对策。     

Transportation planning and quiet natural areas preservation: Aircraft overflights noise assessment in a National Park

Global transportation growth causes several disproportionate impacts on the environment as, for instance, noise pollution which is related to negative effects on human health but also to quiet natural areas decline and biodiversity loss. Besides, sound is a component of ecosystems severely threatened by transportation noise disturbance which is related to negative effects on ecosystem functions. This study deals with aircraft noise impact on natural environments from a multiple innovative perspective. It complementarily combines: noise modeling, field measurements, soundscape audibility, human perception and spatial pattern tools for assessing the chronic growing outdoor noise pollution of ecosystems at landscape scale. Firstly, noticeable soundscape degradation from aircraft overflights has been found causing severe acoustic fragmentation and disruptions in the quietness of a national park in Spain (European Union). Air traffic caused sound pressure levels to increase by approximately 8 decibels from natural ambient levels. Secondly, spatial pattern tools together with noise mapping have been found to be useful in providing decision support for decisions-making through anthropogenic noise impact assessment on the natural environment. Finally, public opinion did not perceive aircraft noise-disruption as being as relevant as that quantified by technical procedures. Although 82% of visitors agree that anthropogenic noise pollution may negatively impact on conservation.     

公路交通噪声监测方法和防治措施研究

本文分析了交通噪声产生的危害,强调交通噪声防治的重要性,结合现行高速公路交通噪声声环境功能区质量监测、衰减断面监测等监测方法,从路线选择、新技术运用、声传递控制等方面综述了可行且有效的交通噪声防治方法,并提出应基于降低噪声污染源源强角度出发,加强降噪路面及低噪声运输工具研发工作,从源头控制噪声污染,从根本上解决噪声污染问题的建议。     

公路噪声预测达标距离超出评价范围现象的探讨

文章根据公路项目环保竣工验收的交通噪声监测结果,通过理论值与实测值的比较,分析了典型路段交通噪声预测达标距离超出评价范围现象产生的原因,并提出了相应的解决措施及建议,为公路建设项目环境影响评价工作提供参考。     

Modeling the effect of electric vehicle adoption on pedestrian traffic safety: An agent-based approach

When operated at low speeds, electric and hybrid vehicles have created pedestrian safety concerns in congested areas of various city centers, because these vehicles have relatively silent engines compared to those of internal combustion engine vehicles, resulting in safety issues for pedestrians and cyclists due to the lack of engine noise to warn them of an oncoming electric or hybrid vehicle. However, the driver behavior characteristics have also been considered in many studies, and the high end-prices of electric vehicles indicate that electric vehicle drivers tend to have a higher prosperity index and are more likely to receive a better education, making them more alert while driving and more likely to obey traffic rules. In this paper, the positive and negative factors associated with electric vehicle adoption and the subsequent effects on pedestrian traffic safety are investigated using an agent-based modeling approach, in which a traffic micro-simulation of a real intersection is simulated in 3D using AnyLogic software. First, the interacting agents and dynamic parameters are defined in the agent-based model. Next, a 3D intersection environment is created to integrate the agent-based model into a visual simulation, where the simulation records the number of near-crashes occurring in certain pedestrian crossings throughout the virtual time duration of a year. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out with 9000 subsequent simulations performed in a supercomputer to account for the variation in dynamic parameters (ambient sound level, vehicle sound level, and ambient illumination). According to the analysis, electric vehicles have a 30% higher pedestrian traffic safety risk than internal combustion engine vehicles under high ambient sound levels. At low ambient sound levels, however, electric vehicles have only a 10% higher safety risk for pedestrians. Low levels of ambient illumination also increase the number of pedestrians involved in near-crashes for both electric vehicles and combustion engine vehicles.     

Hierarchal assessment of noise pollution in urban areas – A case study

Noise pollution in urban areas has many harmful effects on the citizens. There are varieties of noise generation sources of which the traffic noise could be a major source. The point which is perhaps less noticed is that sound level is not the only parameter to indicate the extent and intensity of noise pollution. Situation of urban land uses, distribution of population centers and types of passages can deeply affect the concern on this environmental issue but not with a similar ratio. This article presents an overlaying technique to define noise prone areas using all different factors involved. A case study was carried out in the District 14 of Tehran Metropolitan City where there are busy streets and highways. For this purpose, the share of each criterion in noise pollution intensity was determined using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Afterwards, the map layers were overlaid based upon the relative importance of the criteria to get the final map on which the noise prone areas are specified. The developed method could be used as a tool for indirect estimation of noise pollution by which instead of direct measurement of the equivalent sound level, it would be possible to predict noise susceptible areas considering the most important influential factors.     

A traffic noise model for road intersections in the city of Cartagena de Indias,Colombia

Road traffic noise models are fundamental tools for designing and implementing appropriate prevention plans to minimize and control noise levels in urban areas. The objective of this study is to develop a traffic noise model to simulate the average equivalent sound pressure level at road intersections based on traffic flow and site characteristics, in the city of Cartagena de Indias (Cartagena), Colombia. Motorcycles are included as an additional vehicle category since they represent more than 30% of the total traffic flow and a distinctive source of noise that needs to be characterized. Noise measurements are collected using a sound level meter Type II. The data analysis leads to the development of noise maps and a general mathematical model for the city of Cartagena, Colombia, which correlates the sound levels as a function of vehicle flow within road intersections. The highest noise levels were 79.7 dB(A) for the road intersection María Auxiliadora during the week (business days) and 77.7 dB(A) for the road intersection India Catalina during weekends (non-business days). Although traffic and noise are naturally related, the intersections with higher vehicle flow did not have the highest noise levels. The roadway noise for these intersections in the city of Cartagena exceeds current limit standards. The roadway noise model is able to satisfactorily predict noise emissions for road intersections in the city of Cartagena, Colombia.     

The effect of road traffic noise on the prices of residential property – A case study of the polish city of Olsztyn

The key factors that determine the prices of real estate are location, technical standard of property as well as the local environment. In urban agglomerations, road traffic noise has a considerable impact on the purchasing decisions made by apartment buyers. This is a widespread problem in Central-Eastern Europe. The main objective of this study was to verify the working hypothesis that apartment prices are correlated with traffic noise levels in Olsztyn, the capital city of the Region of Warmia and Mazury in north-eastern Poland.The study was carried out in four principal stages. Firstly, traffic noise intensity was determined for apartments (objects of real estate transactions concluded in 2013), based on an acoustic map for the city of Olsztyn. The map was developed in line with the provisions of Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise. Secondly, the values of the Noise Depreciation Sensitivity Index (NDSI) were calculated. NDSI determines the percentage change in property prices per dB increase in noise levels. The distribution of unit prices of apartments was mapped relative to noise levels, and the relationships between the analyzed variables were assessed. Thirdly, linear correlations between the unit prices of apartments and noise levels were analyzed. The strength and direction of relationships between the analyzed parameters were determined based on Pearson’s correlation coefficient. In the last stage, the distribution of the unit prices of apartments was mapped by ordinary kriging, a geostatistical estimation method. The research hypothesis was confirmed by comparing the spatial distribution of traffic noise levels measured in stage 1 with the spatial distribution of apartment prices.     

福宁高速公路声环境探讨

通过对福建省福鼎宁德段高速公路声环境现状的调查研究,采用类比分析的方法,确定其沿线所要保护的声环境敏感点,合理科学预测交通噪声对声环境的影响,提出减轻噪声污染的若干措施。