工程车辆减震系统的关键技术探讨

基于工程车辆的作业特点,针对影响工程车辆作业安全舒适性的减震系统的关键技术进行评述。根据工程车辆减震系统的发展现状,结合国内外油气悬架系统的先进技术及特点,探讨了油气悬架研究的关键技术,认为开发新型油气悬架减震系统符合现代工程车辆对悬架系统的要求和发展方向,将会对中国工程车辆的技术升级与进步有较大的促进作用。     

悬架K&C特性参数在车辆开发中的应用研究

经试验台测得车辆在各状态各工况下的悬架KC特性参数,在新车型开发过程中有着重要的参考和指导作用。文章以KC特性参数在整车姿态角的确定及前后悬架偏频的平衡计算为例,通过悬架下行程参数等效到车辆从空载到满载状态悬架压缩量,结合轴距计算车辆从空载到满载时整车姿态角差值,用于指导总布置及造型设计;通过悬架刚度和簧上质量参数计算得到悬架偏频,并结合轴距参数对特定车速下前后悬架的偏频进行平衡匹配,以减小车辆通过突起障碍时的角振动从而改善乘坐舒适性,用于指导悬架设计及动力学性能开发。     

基于ADAMS的悬架K&C特性分析模型校正研究

以K&C试验数据为基础,通过ADAMS软件建模对悬架进行仿真分析。通过不同悬架的结构特点,提出ADAMS悬架模型的修正方案,以达到仿真模型分析数据与实车试验数据基本一致的目的,为车辆开发提供支持。     

汽车可控悬架发展综述

悬架是车辆的一个重要组成部分，对于车辆的乘坐舒适性、操纵稳定性等性能有很大影响。因此，根据汽车行驶的路面、工况和载荷等情况来控制自身工作状态，使汽车的整体行驶性能达到最佳的可控悬架系统得到了关注和发展，文中对不同悬架系统的原理和发展进行了介绍。     

非线性连续反馈控制车辆半主动悬架

本文提出了车辆半主动悬架改进的连续反馈控制规律，用一个简单的二自由度车辆模型分别对具有该种控制规律的改进连续型昱主动悬架和连续型半主动悬架进行了数值分析，结果表明，前者比后者的减振效果最佳。     

车辆智能悬架发展的研究

高性能车辆悬架技术一直是车辆悬架发展的重点，采用智能控制的悬架系统是悬架深入发展的趋势。文中从车辆智能悬架发展现状，研究方法两个方面分析车辆智能悬架系统的设计和研究方面的成功经验，同时指出车辆智能悬架系统的研究和发展的方向。     

磁流变半主动悬架动力学特性的试验研究

通过台架试验为自制磁流变减振器建立可控阻尼力-励磁模型以便于计算机控制,并根据1/4车辆半主动悬架动力学模型确定天棚阻尼开关控制算法和LQR最优控制算法的相关参数;应用Labview模块化语言开发了数据采集与预处理、控制算法和计算机与PWM通信控制等模块,并在1/4车辆悬架试验台上进行半主动振动控制与无控制的对比试验.结果表明,自制的磁流变减振器结合所开发的控制算法能有效抑制车辆振动.     

美国翰德森公司的客车空气悬架系统

美国翰德森(HENDRICKSON)公司是专业从事中重型车辆悬架系统设计和制造的跨国公司,是世界上最大的悬架供应商.该公司成立于1913年,1926年开始生产悬架系统.目前,翰德森公司不仅是北美所有车辆生产商的主要供应商,同时也是欧洲、澳大利亚、日本和拉丁美洲等许多车辆生产商的供应商.     

汽车电控悬架的检修

随着汽车速度的提高，对汽车的性能也提出了更高的要求。传统的悬架限带I_了汽车性能的提高。通过采用电子技术实现汽车悬架的控制，既能提高汽车乘坐的舒适性，又能提高汽车操纵的稳定性。近年来，人们不断开发适应各种行驶工况的最优悬架控制系统。在车辆，尤其是高档车中，相继出现了性能更加优越的各种电子控制悬架系统。随之而来的电控悬架的维修也进入我们日常的检修范围。本文以LS400-UCF10为例介绍汽车电控悬架的检修。[第一段]     

轮式车辆双横臂独立悬架的运动优化设计

本文运用悬架设计理论和多目标优化理论来建立双横臂独立悬架的优化设计模型；并利用ＢｏｒｌａｎｄＣ＋＋面向对象程序设计技术及数据库技术，开发了轮式车辆独立悬架ＣＡＤ系统软件（ＩＳＣＡＤ）它使复杂的双横臂独立悬架导向机构的设计变得简单，设计结果准确。     

基于微分几何理论的汽车半主动悬架非线性振动控制

针对汽车悬架系统的非线性特性,采用1／4汽车二自由度悬架模型分析半主动悬架控制。应用微分几何理论得到输出-干扰解耦方法,再经适当的坐标变换将该模型由非线性系统简化成一线性系统,并对此系统进行最优控制,然后通过非线性状态反馈实现对原系统的半主动控制。与被动悬架的仿真结果进行了比较,表明这种针对具有非线性特征的半主动悬架的非线性控制方法是可行的。通过功率谱分析,控制后系统的能量比被动悬架更趋于平均,悬架动态性能更稳定。     

Skyhook and H8 Control of Semi-active Suspensions: Some Practical Aspects

Summary This paper deals with single-wheel suspension car model. We aim to prove the benefits of controlled semi-active suspensions compared to passive ones. The contribution relies on H 8 control design to improve comfort and road holding of the car under industrial specifications, and on control validation through simulation on an exact nonlinear model of the suspension. Note that we define semi-active suspensions as control systems incorporating a parallel spring and an electronically controlled damper. However, the type of damper used in automotive industry can only dissipate energy. No additional force can be generated using external energy. The control issue is then to change, in an accurate way, the damping (friction) coefficient in real-time. This is what we call semi-active suspension. For this purpose, two control methodologies, H 8 and Skyhook control approaches, are developed, using a linear model of the suspension, and compared in terms of performances using industrial specifications. The performance analysis is done using the control-oriented linear model first, and then using an exact nonlinear model of the suspension incorporating the nonlinear characteristics of the suspension spring and damper.     

Skyhook and H8 Control of Semi-active Suspensions: Some Practical Aspects

Summary This paper deals with single-wheel suspension car model. We aim to prove the benefits of controlled semi-active suspensions compared to passive ones. The contribution relies on H 8 control design to improve comfort and road holding of the car under industrial specifications, and on control validation through simulation on an exact nonlinear model of the suspension. Note that we define semi-active suspensions as control systems incorporating a parallel spring and an electronically controlled damper. However, the type of damper used in automotive industry can only dissipate energy. No additional force can be generated using external energy. The control issue is then to change, in an accurate way, the damping (friction) coefficient in real-time. This is what we call semi-active suspension. For this purpose, two control methodologies, H 8 and Skyhook control approaches, are developed, using a linear model of the suspension, and compared in terms of performances using industrial specifications. The performance analysis is done using the control-oriented linear model first, and then using an exact nonlinear model of the suspension incorporating the nonlinear characteristics of the suspension spring and damper.     

Optimal Linear Active Suspensions with Multivariable Integral Control

In this paper, an optimal suspension system is derived for a quarter-car model using multivariable integral control. The suspension system features two parts. The first part is an integral control acting on suspension deflection to ensure zero steady-sate offset due to body and maneuvering forces as well as road inputs. The second is a proportional control operating on the vehicle system states for vibration control and performance improvement. The optimal ride performance of the active suspensions based on linear full-state feedback control laws with and without integral control together with the performance of passive suspensions are compared.     

Design of active suspension and electronic stability program for rollover prevention

This paper presents a method for the design of a controller for rollover prevention using active suspension and an electronic stability program (ESP). Active suspension is designed with linear quadratic static output feedback control methodology to attenuate the effect of lateral acceleration on the roll angle and suspension stroke via control of the suspension stroke and tire deflection of the vehicle. However, this approach has a drawback in the loss of maneuverability because the active suspension for rollover prevention produces in vehicles an extreme over-steer characteristic. To overcome this drawback of the active suspension based method, ESP is designed. Through simulations, the proposed method is shown to be effective in preventing rollover.     

半主动悬架的控制策略探讨

综述汽车悬架控制系统的基本类型,以半主动悬架为研究对象,推导建立汽车两自由度1/4车体模型,提出一种汽车半主动悬架系统的模糊控制方法,并利用MATLAB进行仿真,结果证明该控制策略有效.     

An Optimal Continuous Time Control Strategy for Active Suspensions with Preview

A continuous time control strategy for an active suspension with preview, based on optimal control theory, is presented. No approximation is needed to model the time delay between the excitation of the front and the rear wheels. The suspension is applied to a two DOF model of the rear side of the tractor of a tractor-semitrailer. The purpose of the suspension is to reduce either the required suspension working space or the maximum absolute acceleration of the sprung mass, without an increase of the dynamic tire force variation. For a step function as road input, reductions of 65% and 55%, respectively, are possible compared with a passive suspension.     

DISCUSSION NOTE on Karnopp's article “Active Damping in Road Vehicle Suspension Systems”

SUMMARY

In this paper, an optimal suspension system is derived for a quarter-car model using multivariable integral control. The suspension system features two parts. The first part is an integral control acting on suspension deflection to ensure zero steady-sate offset due to body and maneuvering forces as well as road inputs. The second is a proportional control operating on the vehicle system states for vibration control and performance improvement. The optimal ride performance of the active suspensions based on linear full-state feedback control laws with and without integral control together with the performance of passive suspensions are compared.     

Fuzzy adaptive sliding mode controller for an air spring active suspension

A fuzzy adaptive sliding mode controller for an air spring active suspension system is developed. Due to nonlinearity, preload-dependent spring force and parameter uncertainty in the air spring, it is difficult to control the suspension system. To achieve the desired performance, a fuzzy adaptive sliding mode controller (FASMC) is designed to improve the passenger comfort and the manipulability of the vehicle. The fuzzy adaptive system handles the nonlinearity and uncertainty of the air suspension. A normal linear suspension model with an optimal state feedback control is designed as the reference model. The simulation results show that this control scheme more effectively and robustly isolates vibrations of the vehicle body than the conventional sliding mode controller (CSMC).     

Semi-Active Suspension with Preview Using a Frequency-Shaped Performance Index

The objective of this study is to develop a control law for a semi-active suspension for the purpose of ride quality improvement. The semi-active control law is determined by reproducing the control force of an optimally controlled active suspension while suppressing its damping coefficient variation. The performance index of the optimal control for the active suspension is modified to include frequency-shaping by use of Parseval's theorem, which allows us to de-emphasize the effects of particular variables over specific frequency bands.

Through the numerical simulations, it was found that the semi-active suspension may reduce the vertical acceleration of the driver's seat and the sprung mass motions significantly. The road-holding and tire deflections were not affected much.