城市公共交通站点分类分级研究

公交站点作为公共交通系统的重要组成部分,承担着客流集散的功能,对于公共交通系统运营的便捷性与舒适性都有着重要的影响。本文从公交站点所承担的核心功能、站点所处城市区位因素、道路等级对公交站点的影响因素入手,提出了公交站点的不同分类方法;从公交站点日均客流集散量、包含的线路条数等方面入手,采用聚类分析、系统聚类等方法对不同类型的公交站点进行分级研究,并以西安市公交站点为例进行实证性分析,得出了较为合理的分类分级结果。     

基于BA演化模型的现代军交运输指挥复杂网络研究

对现代军交运输指挥的一般问题进行网络抽象,根据其特点,对BA模型进行必要的演化,构建了新的军交运输指挥复杂网络模型,通过对模型的仿真,得出了模型的度分布、平均路径长度和聚类系数等统计特征值,并对其进行了比较分析,为下一步的深入研究奠定了基础。     

海铁联运网络的拓扑特性和鲁棒性研究——以中美海铁联运为例

本文运用复杂网络的相关理论对中美海铁联运网络系统进行拓扑特性和鲁棒性的分析。经过仿真的方法分析,得到一系列的结论,该复合网络的度分布服从幂律分布,是具有无标度特性的小世界网络。根据随机干扰和蓄意攻击后,网络的聚类系数、孤立点比例、平均最短路径长度、网络效率的变化情况可以得出复合网络在随机干扰下具有较好的鲁棒性的结论。     

应急物流基础设施复杂网络抗毁能力仿真研究

基于复杂网络理论,文章首先选取出最大连通子图相对大小与全网效能两个指标进行应急物流基础设施复杂网络抗毁能力的评价;接着制定针对网络节点的随机性攻击和选择性攻击的攻击策略;然后以北京市"十二五"期间物流业发展规划的物流基础设施复杂网络为例,绘制出网络拓扑结构,确定该网络具有小世界效应和无标度特征;然后通过仿真软件MATLAB,对该网络进行针对节点的两种攻击仿真,计算出最大连通子图相对大小及全网效能,结果表明该类型网络对高节点度的选择性攻击抗毁能力低;最后对北京市未来物流基础设施发展给予了建议。     

区域轨道交通多制式复合网络连通特性研究

网络系统的连通性是其可靠性、可达性的基本前提。在轨道交通“四网融合”战略背景下，分析了区域轨道交通多制式复合网络连通度影响因素；从系统中观层面，分析了区域轨道交通多制式复合网络连通度的内涵；提出了区域轨道交通多制式复合网络的连通性的计算步骤并给出了计算实例。用连通性对区域轨道交通多制式复合网络的结构和功能进行分析和评价，能够判别路网互联互通的程度，可为网络规划设计及运营管理提供参考。     

高速公路智能化管理远程网络监控技术应用

根据远程网络监控系统的基本技术特性、功能和作用,针对高速公路辖区内各级管理处、收费站、站点分散、带状复杂的地理环境,分析了智能化信息网络远程监控系统的建设、开通、应用对高速公路运营智能化管理工作所起重要的作用.     

民航跑道侵入事件致因网络模型构建与分析

跑道侵入事件是由多种因素相互作用导致的，为了明晰因素之间的关系，收集整理了国内2011年到2018年的跑道侵入事件案例；从人、机、环、管4个方面去分析这些事件案例，由此确定了36个影响因素；通过分析案例中影响因素间的关联性，确定了140种影响因素间的相互关系，并据此采用Gephi软件构建跑道侵入事件致因网络模型；利用度、聚类系数、中介中心性、网络直径及平均路径长度等复杂网络指标分析致因网络的结构特征，并找出需要防控的关键因素。结果表明：人、机、管是最容易导致跑道侵入事件发生的主要类别，同时影响因素中的培训和经验不足、注意力分配不当、盲目操作或行动、通信噪音等因素对于航空安全有较大的影响。     

基于港口枢纽处TOD公交站点选址模型的设计

本文针对中小型沿海城市提出的成本模型嵌入到公交站点优化方案中,构建各项成本的表达式,整合并建立以成本最小为目标的公交站点选址模型,对TOD公交站点的选址进行合理规划。此模型可有效运用到在中小型沿海城市中港口枢纽处的公交站点合理设置中,即实现乘客从轮渡到公交的零换乘,又能使港口枢纽对港口枢纽出入口与城市道路交汇处的交通现状影响达到最小,公交的通行能力达到最高。     

梧州市桥梁网络视频监控系统设计特点

文章以梧州市桥梁网络视频监控系统设计为实例,介绍了网络视频监控系统总体设计思路,同时阐述了网络视频监控系统软件主要功能及特点,为网络视频监控技术在城市桥梁监控领域的发展提供了借鉴和参考。     

公路隧道监控系统探讨

分析了公路隧道(隧道群)监控系统网络层次的构成;明确了隧道监控系统网络的层次结构模型;介绍了监控系统软、硬件的组成、结构和特点。     

Exploring public bicycle network structure based on complex network theory and shortest path analysis: the public bicycle system in Yixing,China

A well-functioning public bicycle system relates not only to its mode of operation, vehicle allocation, rental station layout and vehicle leasing configuration, but also the bicycle network structure and its formation. However, the latter aspects have been widely overlooked in China. Here, we help to further attract more researchers to conduct relevant studies and make suggestions for the development of public bicycle transport in many small and medium-sized cities across the world. We demonstrate how to explore the public bicycle network structure of a county-level Chinese city – Yixing – known for its clay ware and tourism. We show that complex network theory and shortest path analysis technology are useful in characterizing the public bicycle network structure, in aspects such as network topology, the spatial distribution of sub-networks and traffic flows. Finally, the paper proposes relevant urban planning strategies.     

Transit network design by genetic algorithm with elitism

The transit network design problem is concerned with the finding of a set of routes with corresponding schedules for a public transport system. This problem belongs to the class of NP-Hard problem because of the vast search space and multiple constraints whose optimal solution is really difficult to find out. The paper develops a Population based model for the transit network design problem. While designing the transit network, we give preference to maximize the number of satisfied passengers, to minimize the total number of transfers, and to minimize the total travel time of all served passengers. Our approach to the transit network design problem is based on the Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization. The Genetic Algorithm is similar to evolution strategy which iterates through fitness assessment, selection and breeding, and population reassembly. In this paper, we will show two different experimental results performed on known benchmark problems. We clearly show that results obtained by Genetic Algorithm with increasing population is better than so far best technique which is really difficult for future researchers to beat.     

A stochastic multimodal reliable network design problem under adverse weather conditions

This paper formulates a network design problem (NDP) for finding the optimal public transport service frequencies and link capacity expansions in a multimodal network with consideration of impacts from adverse weather conditions. The proposed NDP aims to minimize the sum of expected total travel time, operational cost of transit services, and construction cost of link capacity expansions under an acceptable level of variance of total travel time. Auto, transit, bus, and walking modes are considered in the multimodal network model for finding the equilibrium flows and travel times. In the proposed network model, demands are assumed to follow Poisson distribution, and weather‐dependent link travel time functions are adopted. A probit‐based stochastic user equilibrium, which is based on the perceived expected travel disutility, is used to determine the multimodal route of the travelers. This model also considers the strategic behavior of the public transport travelers in choosing their routes, that is, common‐line network. Based on the stochastic multimodal model, the mean and variance of total travel time are analytical estimated for setting up the NDP. A sensitivity‐based solution algorithm is proposed for solving the NDP, and two numerical examples are adopted to demonstrate the characteristics of the proposed model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimation of origin‐destination matrices for a multimodal public transit network

This paper presents a procedure for the estimation of origin‐destination (O‐D) matrices for a multimodal public transit network. The system consists of a number of favored public transit modes that are obtained from a modal split process in a traditional four‐step transportation model. The demand of each favored mode is assigned to the multimodal network, which is comprised of a set of connected links of different public transit modes. An entropy maximization procedure is proposed to simultaneously estimate the O‐D demand matrices of all favored modes, which are consistent with target data sets such as the boarding counts and line segment flows that are observed directly in the network. A case study of the Hong Kong multimodal transit network is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.     

Dynamic stochastic transit assignment with explicit seat allocation model

This paper proposes a stochastic dynamic transit assignment model with an explicit seat allocation process. The model is applicable to a general transit network. A seat allocation model is proposed to estimate the probability of a passenger waiting at a station or on-board to get a seat. The explicit seating model allows a better differentiation of in-vehicle discomfort experienced by sitting and standing passengers. The paper proposes simulation procedures for calculating the sitting probability of each type of passengers. A heuristic solution algorithm for finding an equilibrium solution of the proposed model is developed and tested. The numerical tests show significant influences of the seat allocation model on equilibrium departure time and route choices of passengers. The proposed model is also applied to evaluate the effects of an advanced public transport information system (APTIS) on travellers’ decision-making.     

Impacts of weather on public transport ridership: Results from mining data from different sources

The existing studies concerning the influence of weather on public transport have mainly focused on the impacts of average weather conditions on the aggregate ridership of public transit. Not much research has examined these impacts at disaggregate levels. This study aims to fill this gap by accounting for intra-day variations in weather as well as public transport ridership and investigating the effect of weather on the travel behavior of individual public transit users. We have collected smart card data for public transit and meteorological records from Shenzhen, China for the entire month of September 2014. The data allow us to establish association between the system-wide public transit ridership and weather condition on not only daily, but also hourly basis and for each metro station. In addition, with the detailed trip records of individual card holders, the travel pattern by public transit are constructed for card holders and this pattern is linked to the weather conditions he/she has experienced. Multivariate modeling approach is applied to analyze the influence of weather on public transit ridership and the travel behavior of regular transit users. Results show that some weather elements have more influence than others on public transportation. Metro stations located in urban areas are more vulnerable to outdoor weather in regard to ridership. Regular transit users are found to be rather resilient to changes in weather conditions. Findings contribute to a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between everyday weather and public transit travels and also provide valuable information for short-term scheduling in transit management.     

Impact of ITS measures on public transport: A Case study

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) have a wide range of applications. They range from the more traditional signal coordination system to concepts such as smart cars and smart roads. This paper describes transit‐based ITS measures in Singapore. The island‐state has plans to double the current 90 km rail network over the next ten years and has also implemented or committed to implement many ITS initiatives that impact upon the public transport systems. The aim of these investments is to achieve a high transit modal share using a comprehensive transit network. ITS measures that can promote this aim include: automatic vehicle location systems for buses and taxis, integrated transit fare systems using contactless smart cards, rail information systems, multi‐modal travel guides on Internet and electronic road pricing. The potential impacts of these measures are delay reduction, more comfort, productivity gain and better network accessibility. ITS measures do not necessarily add physical capacity to a public transport system but are excellent supporting measures to encourage the modal shift to transit, particularly if a quality transit system is already in place.     

An integrated measure of accessibility and reliability of mass transit systems

The growth of a city or a metropolis requires well-functioning transit systems to accommodate the ensuing increase in travel demand. As a result, mass transit networks have to develop and expand from simple to complex topological systems over time to meet this demand. Such an evolution in the networks’ structure entails not only a change in network accessibility, but also a change in the level of network reliability on the part of stations and the entire system as well. Network accessibility and reliability are popular measures that have been widely applied to evaluate the resilience and vulnerability of a spatially networked system. However, the use of a single measure, either accessibility or reliability, provides different results, which demand an integrated measure to evaluate the network’s performance comprehensively. In this paper, we propose a set of integrated measures, named ACCREL (Integrated Accessibility and Reliability indicators) that considers both metrics in combination to evaluate a network’s performance and vulnerability. We apply the new measures for hypothetical mass transit system topologies, and a case study of the metro transit system in Seoul follows, highlighting the dynamics of network performance with four evolutionary stages. The main contribution of this study lies in the results from the experiments, which can be used to inform how transport network planning can be prepared to enhance the network functionality, thereby achieving a well-balanced, accessible, and reliable system. Insights on network vulnerability are also drawn for public transportation planners and spatial decision makers.     

Microscopic simulation of transit operations: policy studies with the MISTRANSIT application programming interface

Abstract

Microscopic traffic simulators are the most advanced tools for representing the movement of vehicles on a transport network. However, the energy spent in traffic microsimulation has been mainly oriented to cars. Little interest has been devoted to more sophisticated models for simulating transit systems. Commercial software has some options to incorporate the operation of transit vehicles, but they are insufficient to properly consider a real public transport system. This paper develops an Application Programming Interface, called MIcroscopic Simulation of TRANSIT (MISTRANSIT), using the commercial microsimulator PARAllel MICroscopic Simulation. MISTRANSIT makes advances in three ways: public transport vehicles can have new characteristics; passengers are incorporated and traced as individual objects; and specific models represent the interaction between passengers and vehicles at stops. This paper presents the modelling approach as well as various experiments to illustrate the feasibility of MISTRANSIT for studying policy operations of transit systems.