客车车身骨架有限元分析

应用有限元法分析客车在弯曲和扭转工况下的车身骨架强度情况;探讨提高车身骨架强度和刚度的方法;为客车车身结构设计提供参考。     

HRV分析在驾驶疲劳中的应用研究

驾驶员在驾驶过程中易因疲劳、烦躁和压力等不良生理反应引发事故,而心率变异性(HRV)作为评价人体自主神经系统活性,反映人体生理状态的重要指标,能够准确评估驾驶员的精神状态。为了有效预防事故发生,文章介绍了驾驶员在驾车过程中HRV指标的变化及其应用。结果表明HRV指标结合相应算法模型对驾驶员生理状态识别的准确率高达90%以上,能够有效降低事故发生率。     

Optimal Linear Active Suspensions with Vibration Absorbers and Integral Output Feedback Control

The bandwidth of the body response to a road input in an active suspension may be considerably reduced if the axle motions are independently controlled and if, at the same time, the effects of static and dynamic loads are counteracted by integral action in the body force control system. The paper presents a further application of the Ferguson-Rekasius method, leading to optimal output control with incomplete state feedback. To achieve narrow bandwidth body response the support springs are replaced by hydraulic actuators, and vibration absorbers or active wheel dampers are employed for the control of the axle motions. Active wheel damping is the more effective and gives good results. Proportional-plus-integral control action is shown to reduce the transient body displacements due to external forces.     

泰山庙隧道进口错落体成因机制与稳定性分析

依托位于错落体和堆积体复杂地质区,且坡脚存在电站引水渠干扰,错落体底部位于雾渡河河床中的泰山庙隧道进口工程,在路线无更优方案情况下,为保证隧道在施工和运营期安全,通过对错落体成因分析和稳定性定性评价,尝试参照岩石折线滑动进行定量计算,对强度参数取值采用经验值和反算值来验算,得出隧道进口设计后的错落体总体处于稳定状态。错落体外侧松散堆积体通过简化Bishop法计算圆弧滑动面进行稳定性判定,为施工提出合理的处治措施。     

Force Control in Electrohydraulic Active Suspensjons

For a simple vehicle active suspension system complete optimality and zero steady state body displacements may be achieved if the axle and body accelerations, and other easily measured quantities, are included in the performance index. Apart from not requiring an observer, this also allows the optimal feedback gains to be determined for an arbitrary body spring rate. In a theoretical example, model parameters matching those of an experimental test rig are employed. The results of computer simulations, with and without an electrohydraulic servovalve and actuator, are compared to demonstrate the effects of inner loop gain on force control. Aspects of the system behaviour including lockup are commented upon.     

Optimal Linear Active Suspensions with Vibration Absorbers and Integral Output Feedback Control

SUMMARY

The bandwidth of the body response to a road input in an active suspension may be considerably reduced if the axle motions are independently controlled and if, at the same time, the effects of static and dynamic loads are counteracted by integral action in the body force control system. The paper presents a further application of the Ferguson-Rekasius method, leading to optimal output control with incomplete state feedback. To achieve narrow bandwidth body response the support springs are replaced by hydraulic actuators, and vibration absorbers or active wheel dampers are employed for the control of the axle motions. Active wheel damping is the more effective and gives good results. Proportional-plus-integral control action is shown to reduce the transient body displacements due to external forces.     

南鹤公路东乡村滑坡稳定性分析及治理方案研究

针对南鹤公路东乡村滑坡治理工程，运用北京理正软件对治理前后的天然、暴雨两种工况进行稳定性分析。结果表明:天然工况下滑坡处于基本稳定状态；暴雨工况下滑坡处于不稳定状态。为此，对滑坡体采用锚索框架梁治理，对不稳定斜坡体采用锚杆框架梁防护，在边坡裂缝外侧设置预制混凝土U型截水沟，治理后滑坡体处于稳定状态，治理效果良好。     

A Pitch-Plane Model of a Vehicle with Controlled Suspension

A vehicle model incorporating front and rear wheel suspensions and seat suspension is presented. The suspension control includes algorithms to provide both dynamic and steady state (levelling) control. Vehicle response to (a) vertical inputs due to ground disturbances at the wheels and (b) longitudinal inputs due to the inertial forces during braking and accelerating, are investigated. It is shown that the static (self-levelling) control causes a slight deterioration in dynamic performance. The active ride control produces improvements of ride comfort under dynamic conditions compared to an equivalent passively suspended vehicle. In steady state the proposed control eliminates the error heave of the body caused by tilting of the vehicle with active suspension.     

临夏某高速公路互通段滑坡稳定性分析

以临夏某高速公路互通段线路右侧山体滑坡为研究对象,通过对互通段坡体进行划分区域及监测,对地表变形和深孔位移监测结果进行分析,研究已形成滑坡区的变形和破坏机制,并依据监测结果对坡体进行稳定性计算。结果表明:已发生滑坡的A区处于自稳状态,B区滑坡体存在变形且在发生蠕变滑动,滑坡区对邻近坡体的影响较小,两邻近的C区和D区坡体整体处于稳定状态。对A区滑坡体不同位置采取削坡卸载、抗滑桩和支挡等措施,B滑坡区前缘采取填土反压与排水等措施。     

Optimal Active Suspension Design Using a Frequency-shaping PID Filter

By the incorporation of frequency-shaping into the linear quadratic methods used in active suspension design it is possible to achieve improvements in both body frequency response and road-holding. The use of a PID filter for this purpose also leads to robustness of the system to disturbance forces. Zero steady-state deflections are achieved for applied body loads by the integral action with excellent attenuation of the transient response. The resulting system consists of a hydraulic actuator in parallel with a body spring of arbitrary stiffness and is optimal with equivalent full state feedback.     

某隧道出口堆积体边坡成因机理及综合治理方案研究

以穿越一处大型崩塌堆积体的重庆市某公路隧道出口工程为依托,从堆积体的地质情况、物质组成等综合分析其成因机理,进而通过堆积体边坡的位移监测数据和典型计算剖面对其稳定性展开定量评价。结果表明:此崩塌堆积体在长时期地质作用下,总体保持自然稳定状态,但在降雨因素作用下稳定性系数为1.254～1.604,没有足够的安全富余量,需要采取反压坡脚等措施增强坡体的稳定。最终提出该边坡的综合治理方案,消除了隧道出口崩塌堆积体的工程安全隐患,保障了交通运营的安全。     

基于OSEK／VDX乘用车车身CAN／LIN网络设计与实现

针对目前国内主机厂缺乏CAN／LIN网络的设计能力,提出基于OSEK／VDX规范的车身CAN／LIN网络的设计方法。设计了典型的车身网络架构,定义了帧的传输类型,对间接网络管理作了深入的研究,并且给出了间接网络管理中监督帧的设计方法及具体实现方式。同时对网络状态作了阐述,完善了网络管理的内容。最后利用CANoe软件仿真和实物ECU进行了仿真和测试。     

Plug-in燃料电池轿车车身改制与工装设计

阐述了Plug-in燃料电池轿车车身改制方案的制定与实施及工装夹具的设计制造,这种方案生产成本低,适合2～5辆对白车身基础结构变动不大工程样车的改制,为其他新能源工程样车的白车身改制提供适当参考范例。     

三轴低地板客车骨架静动态分析

客车骨架的静动态分析的主要目的是获得整车的应力和变形状况,来检验车身结构的合理性,从而有针对性的对结构进行改进和优化。本文对一款三轴低地板客车的车身骨架从静态和模态方面进行有限元分析,找出客车在实际运行中可能存在的破坏问题,从而进行车身结构优化来彻底消除隐患。     

油气悬架整车的振动状态观测器设计

针对油气悬架阻尼实时控制中的车身振动状态测量问题,建立了油气悬架整车7自由度振动模型的状态方程,并基于该状态方程设计了油气悬架整车振动状态观测器。该状态观测器以油气悬架油缸压力为输入,以悬架动行程误差作为反馈,通过设计观测器的反馈增益,使得观测器状态能够跟踪被观测车辆的真实状态。状态观测值与试验测试值的对比表明,所设计的状态观测器能够有效观测出油气悬架车辆的振动状态。     

低入口城市客车骨架结构模态分析

利用ANSYS程序采用空间梁单元和薄壳单元,对某低入口城市客车车身结构的振动特性进行有限元分析。结果显示,当发动机在怠速工况时,它的振动频率接近于客车车身骨架的固有频率,易发生共振,应尽量避免。     

Handling Characteristics of Car-Trailer Systems; A State-of-the-Art Survey

Work relevant to the state of the art as regards passenger cars towing trailers is referenced and reviewed. Not only included is the very limited amount of work specifically dealing with passenger cars towing trailers, but also reviewed is the much larger body of work having a bearing on car-trailer systems. Topics included are aerodynamic forces, tire forces, the compliance concept, relevant work on vehicles without trailers, vehicles with trailers, and the role of the driver. The types of stability problems exhibited by car-trailer systems are discussed.

The state of the art as regards ability to predict vehicle response to specific steering inputs is shown to be fairly advanced. Recent significant advances include the appearance of experimental data useful for validating theoretical models. However, the state of the art as regards definition of what constitute desirable handling characteristics is still at a primitive stage, largely because of a lack of understanding of the roles played by drivers as part of the vehicle -driver - environment systems.

Throughout the review an effort was made to point out topic areas where it is likely that significant future contributions to the state of the art can be made. These areas are reviewed in the conclusions.     

ODS方法在车身结构动态分析中的应用

介绍了ＯＤＳ方法的基本原理，该方法可用来识别结构运行状态下的动态特性。应用该方法对一辆发动机怠速运转状态下的微型车车身动态特性进行分析，识别出车身在发动机怠速动转状态下的振动型态，判明车内噪声产生的原因，为结构的改进提供了可靠的依据。     

A级表面SMC的研究进展及其在汽车上的应用

介绍了国内外研究A级SMC（片状模塑料）的状况、最新进展及其在汽车领域的一些应用实例，指出用A级SMC制造汽车（特别是轿车）壳体是重要发展趋势之一。     

汽车车身冲压技术的现状及发展趋势

本文从汽车车身冲压厂的设置，管理到设备，工艺等与冲压件质量直接关联的几个方面分析了国内外汽车车身板件冲压技术的现状及发展趋势。