可调涡轮增压器与柴油机匹配试验研究

对Ｊ６１１０Ｚ型柴油机匹配套式移动结构可调涡轮增压器进行了台架试验研究，试验中，在调节涡轮截面时没有进行相应的油量调节，而重点对柴油机各种工况下ＶＧＴ－７０型增压器的性能进行了研究分析。     

单缸EGR发动机压缩比优化及涡轮增压器匹配研究

在1台气道喷射单缸EGR发动机上,独立控制EGR缸喷油及点火,实现燃料改质,研究了不同压缩比对发动机性能的影响,此外还匹配了不同涡轮增压器,用于改善外特性扭矩。试验结果表明:单缸EGR能有效改善发动机的燃油经济性,NOx和CO排放性能均所改善,但THC排放恶化,动力性能下降;提高压缩比能有效提高发动机的热效率,降低燃油消耗,但过高压缩比使发动机爆震倾向严重,限制发动机外特性扭矩;通过匹配小涡轮增压器低速扭矩有所改善。     

JK90S可变喷嘴涡轮增压器试验研究

将所设计的JK90S转叶式可变喷嘴涡轮增压器进行了涡轮性能试验。试验结果表明,它能够有效地调节涡轮特性。进行了可变喷嘴涡轮增压器与WD615柴油机的匹配试验,并将匹配结果与原机进行了试验比较;结果表明,柴油机低速动力性和部分负荷低速燃油消耗都得到了改善。     

电控可调涡轮增压天然气发动机开发

将一台CA488汽油机改造为电控可调涡轮增压天然气发动机。该发动机采用了电控多点燃气顺序喷射技术、电控高能点火技术、可调喷嘴涡轮增压技术及中冷技术。试验研究表明，采用可调喷嘴涡轮增压技术可提高发动机的进气量，优化增压器在全工况范围内与发动机的匹配，大幅度提高发动机的动力性与经济性：增压后天然气发动机的最大功率与原汽油机相当，低速转矩特性明显改善，同时发动机使用经济性也得到提高。     

Influence of rail pressure on a two-stage turbocharged heavy-duty diesel engine under transient operation

The demand for continually improving the transient performance of diesel engines requires higher rail pressure and more efficient turbocharger. Before the test, a two-stage turbocharger with a turbine by-pass valve (TBV) had been matched reasonably with the base engine. In order to reduce smoke emission under the typical 5-second transient process of constant speed and increasing torque, the influence of rail pressure on combustion, emissions and performance characteristics was experimentally investigated. The results showed that the two-stage turbocharger was helpful in improving transient performance. Moreover, the full-stage rail pressure (FSRP) strategies (increasing rail pressure during the whole transient process) could reduce smoke emission when the TBV was closed. However, smoke deteriorated once TBV opening got larger. Then the sectional-stage rail pressure (SSRP) strategies (increasing rail pressure from a pre-set load to 100 % load) were presented under small TBV opening to improve in-cylinder thermal condition. Hence, the air-fuel mixing process was improved at medium and large loads. Then the maximum decline of smoke opacity peak was 56.3 %, which happened under 10 % TBV opening. In addition, fuel consumption of FSRP strategies got worse under larger TBV opening. However, this deterioration situation could be effectively restrained by the utilization of SSRP strategies.     

车用可变几何涡轮增压器喷嘴环叶片初步研究

对应用气动型与对称型喷嘴环叶片的车用可变几何涡轮增压器进行了研究。分别建立了两种喷嘴环三维模型,应用NUMECA软件对配置两种喷嘴环的涡轮进行了流场计算与分析。设计、加工了气动型叶片喷嘴环组件,分别将两种喷嘴环组件装配在同一台增压器上,进行了增压器涡轮性能对比试验。结果表明,气动型喷嘴环涡轮具有更宽广的流量范围,且效率更高。     

Iterative Learning Control Algorithm for Feedforward Controller of EGR and VGT Systems in a CRDI Diesel Engine

The modern diesel engines equip the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system to suppress the NOx emissions. In addition, the variable geometric turbocharger (VGT) system is installed to improve the drivability and fuel efficiency. These EGR and VGT systems have cross-coupled behavior because they interact with the intake and the exhaust manifolds. Furthermore, the turbocharger time delay, gas flow dynamics through EGR pipe cause the nonlinearity characteristics. These nonlinear multi-input-multi-output characteristics cause the degradation of control accuracy, especially during the transient condition. In order to improve the control accuracy, this study proposes an iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm for feedforward controller of EGR and VGT systems. The feedforward controller obtains the values about EGR and VGT actuators using the previous control results in predefined transient states. The ILC algorithm consists of a PD-type learning function and a low-pass filter. The control gains of learning function are determined to guarantee the convergence of learning results. In addition, the low-pass filter is designed for robustness against plant disturbance. The proposed control algorithm was validated by engine experiment which repeated predefined transient states. The error was reduced by 15 % according to the gain. As a result, the proposed algorithm is affordable for improving the transient control performance.     

VGT叶片开度对二级增压柴油机高海拔低速匹配特性的影响

基于二级可调增压柴油机高海拔性能模拟试验平台,研究了不同海拔条件下 VGT 叶片开度对高压共轨柴油机二级可调增压系统低速匹配特性的影响。研究结果表明：不同海拔下,随着 VGT 叶片开度的减小,高压级涡轮的涡轮膨胀比和压气机压比、绝热效率逐渐提高,而低压级涡轮膨胀比及压气机效率变化则趋于平缓,因此两级压气机总压比、总效率和总功率的变化趋势与高压级压气机一致;柴油机进气流量及空燃比随着 VGT 叶片开度的减小而增大,动力性及经济性也随之升高;海拔0～4500 m ,高压级压气机匹配状况良好,联合运行线均位于高效率区内。     

Comprehensive experimental study on the effect of biodiesel/diesel blended fuel on common-rail di diesel engine technology

This research work aims to study the aspects of using biodiesel or FAME as a component blended in diesel fuel for common-rail DI engine technology. The specific engine experiments were designed for LD commercial engine [Toyota 2KD-FTV] to understand engine combustion process, engine performance and thermal efficiency when applying FAME blended fuel. In addition, the exhaust emission in HD diesel engine [HINO J08E] was evaluated by standard HD engine emission ESC and ELR test cycles. Furthermore, the severe 400-hour of HD engine durability tests for determining the limitation on using FAME blended fuel, have been conducted with B0, B10, B20 and B50. The result shows that using of FAME blended fuel in the HD common-rail DI engine, can be applied with some guidelines experimentally discovered by this research such as filter plugging that may occur when the content of biodiesel is up to 20 % or higher, and the critical fuel injector surface polishing wear, can be observed from B50 sample. In general, the higher biodiesel content will contribute to lower power output as well, thus too high biodiesel content will cause low engine power output.     

欧Ⅵ天然气发动机关键技术研究

利用GT‐SUITE软件建立天然气发动机湍流火焰预测燃烧模型,结合试验数据验证了模型的计算精度,基于该模型对实现欧Ⅵ排放的当量燃烧路线关键技术,包括增压器匹配、米勒循环、瞬态参数优化进行了分析。研究表明：非对称流道增压器在实现相同EGR率前提下泵气损失最小;米勒循环可以抑制爆震,提升发动机经济性和可靠性,适当减小油门响应速度和增加放气阀响应速度可以降低发动机瞬态超负荷率。研究结果对欧VI天然气发动机开发具有一定指导意义。     

采用电控直列泵+冷却EGR技术的国Ⅲ柴油机排放性能的研究

研究了采用电控直列泵+冷却EGR技术的国Ⅲ柴油机强制关闭EGR阀对ESC、ETC和ELR循环排放的影响.分析了在调整喷油提前角后的ESC循环试验结果.比较了满足国Ⅲ排放法规的直列泵、电控单体泵和高压共轨3种技术的ESC循环的油耗率.研究结果表明,国Ⅲ柴油机在关闭EGR阀后NO_x大幅上升,超过了法规限值;虽通过调整喷油提前角可达到国Ⅲ排放的要求,但油耗率上升,动力性下降;与其它技术相比,采用电控直列泵+冷却EGR技术时国Ⅲ柴油机ESC循环油耗率最低.     

VGT涡轮增压器涡轮级性能仿真预测研究

采用Fine/Turbo软件对某可变截面涡轮增压器涡轮级进行数值模拟及流场分析。介绍了VGT涡轮增压器涡轮级建模及分析过程,研究了VGT涡轮增压器涡轮端MAP图性能仿真方法,并与涡轮机性能试验数据进行了对比。结果表明,采用VGT数值模拟和流场分析的方法对VGT增压器性能进行预测是可行的,可以满足增压器多方案性能优化选型需求。     

Issues in the integration of active control turbochargers with internal combustion engines

The application of active control means to regulate the flow of exhaust gas in a turbocharger turbine is a concept developed by the Turbomachinery Group at Imperial College, London. It is a new concept the first results of which were made public in 2004. This paper presents the theoretical grounding behind the idea, its development and the elements required for a successful implementation of active control for a turbocharger turbine and the integration of such a turbocharger system within an internal combustion engine. This paper is intended to fill a gap in the theoretical understanding of the issues pertaining to the concept of Active Control for Turbocharger Turbines. The discussion is led towards a theory summarising the flow physics and their effect on the behaviour of the exhaust gas flow occurring during turbocharger turbine inlet geometrical changes and the implications from the periodic nature of these geometric changes in particular with respect to cycle performance results both for the turbocharger and for the engine. This paper is written with the purpose of presenting a realistic context of ACT operation by identifying and considering those parameters relevant to the operation and successful application of ACT to an internal combustion engine. In addition, the requirements for a dedicated ACT control strategy which can be effective in the ACT-engine integrated environment are, also, highlighted.     

某重型车用V8柴油机燃烧系统优化设计

针对某重型车用V8柴油机的燃烧室廓形和喷油器凸出高度进行了设计.优化设计方案由5个燃烧室廓形和5个喷油器凸出高度组成,选择了ESC稳态排放循环中的A100,C100,A25工况以及最大功率工况作为优化设计的工况点,利用AVL-Fire软件在这4个典型工况点上对各设计方案的缸内燃烧过程进行了模拟计算,采用了一个综合目标评价函数来评判不同方案对循环功、NOx和Soot的综合影响,从100个算例的计算结果中筛选出最优的燃烧室廓形和喷油器凸出高度.和原机相比,优化的燃烧系统在高负荷工况可使油耗下降1.4%,Soot排放降低14%~30%.     

车用柴油机加速瞬态过程控制策略研究

设计了车用柴油机在加速瞬态过程中的控制策略,建立了直列4缸电控单体泵柴油机的数学模型,模型包括燃烧模块、进排气系统模块、带中冷的增压器模块和控制器模块。在加速过程中,针对废气涡轮增压器的滞后问题,设计了一阶油门滤波的油量供给策略。通过仿真研究,给出了根据空燃比和发动机转速变化量决定的控制时间常数。     

两级增压涡轮几何参数对发动机性能的影响研究

基于涡轮通流模型,建立两级增压通流仿真平台,探讨了两级涡轮几何参数的改变对发动机性能的影响规律及原因,采用该平台对某车用两级增压柴油机进行仿真研究,并完成两级涡轮新的匹配设计.匹配结果表明,通过合理设计两级涡轮几何参数,可使该发动机低速扭矩提高7.4％,燃油消耗率降低6.9％.     

车用增压发动机匹配仿真方法研究

利用仅有的压气机MAP数据,通过调节涡轮入口直径和效率,研究了发动机与增压器的匹配。在此基础上,利用仿真软件GT-Power建立了TCD1015V06增压直喷发动机1-D模型,并通过DOE方法优化涡轮参数,完成了增压器匹配仿真。仿真结果与试验数据的最大误差小于4.5%。     

Modeling and validation of turbocharged diesel engine airpath and combustion systems

The ultimate aim of this study is the development of an engine modeling approach that would facilitate the design of model-based control techniques for diesel engines. This will allow for the development of more generalized, modular control strategies for different engine types and sizes as opposed to the commonly practiced map-based engine control strategies that depend on maps and feedforward control and require lengthy modifications every time a change is made. Also, most engine modeling studies focus on either airpath or combustion systems, treating these models and their validation individually, and not as an integrated system as is actually the case. To address the need for more realistic models suitable for model-based control design, this study develops a combined airpath and combustion model for the engine, using analytical models wherever possible and derives a model with appropriate control inputs and outputs that could be used in a control scheme. The inclusion of the actuator dynamics of the Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), variable geometry turbine (VGT), and Throttle (THR) valves in the airpath model and the consideration of nonlinearities in the combustion model allow for the development of a more thorough engine model, as well as the validation of subsystems and the whole integrated engine model using a complete World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC). This test cycle finds limited use due to its challenging transients, and yet, is the demanded test cycle for emission regulations nowadays. These are unique aspects of this modeling study, the results of which indicate that the developed engine model could be used in control design and hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) based engine control prototyping.     

增压器混流涡轮的设计和试验研究

为了提高车用增压器涡轮的性能,针对某柴油机匹配的JP78B增压器进行了混流涡轮设计和试验研究。利用叶轮机械CFD软件NUMECA,对所设计的8个混流涡轮叶轮进行了叶轮内部流动的计算,分析了叶轮进口倾斜角、叶轮进口攻角、叶轮宽度和叶片数对混流涡轮叶轮性能的影响,进行了混流涡轮和径流涡轮的性能试验。试验结果表明,混流涡轮比径流涡轮效率高,并且涡轮最高效率点的u/co小。     

Investigation of particle emission characteristics from a diesel engine with a diesel particulate filter for alternative fuels

Particle number measurement is a new approach to determine emission, which may be more accurate at very low emission levels than when using gravimetric measurements. An experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of fuel properties on the performance, combustion process, regulated gaseous emissions and particle number emissions of a diesel engine with an uncatalyzed diesel particulate filter (DPF). The effect of the filter on the particle size distribution was reported. The DPF number-based filtration efficiency in terms of number efficiency and fractional efficiency for petroleum diesel fuel and two alternative fuels, BTL and GTL, were analyzed. For nearly all test modes, the filter had a higher number efficiency for diesel than for BTL and GTL. The DPF fractional efficiency showed it was highly dependent on fuel type and varied widely at each size range. For diesel, the filter fractional efficiency was sufficiently high and behaved as predicted by filtration theory. For BTL and GTL, the fractional performance of the filter decreased when unexpectedly low efficiencies within the nuclei mode were exhibited. This research will be helpful in understanding DPF number-based filtration performance for alternative fuels and will provide information for the development of particulate emission control technology.