长输管道智能球检漏技术应用

为研究长输管道微泄漏检测的方法,对声波检漏智能球检测性能进行了现场检测验证。智能球通过在管道内部运行,连续记录管道内的声学信号、压力信号等,通过分析检测数据中信号异常点,找出管道的泄漏点,实现对管道的微泄漏检测。通过对模拟长输管道以及成品油、原油管道进行试检测,成功检测出成品油管道上的泄漏量为0.19 L/min的漏点。通过试检测,确认了微泄漏智能球对长输管道的微泄漏有很好的识别效果。     

神渭输煤管道超大落差长距离变径段站间通球

为了研究同时具有超大落差、长距离和变径的山区复杂地形管道通球技术方法,分析了通球中发生卡球、窜漏和爆管等主要风险种类及其危害性,建立了清管器在下坡段管道内运动和受力模型,设计了变径清管器并进行了模拟通球试验,制定了以水推动变径清管器列车运行、“气体弹簧”缓冲、背压减速、清管器跟踪等多种措施的通球方案。实践表明:直板式聚氨酯钢丝刷变径清管器设计满足通球要求,“气体弹簧”是控制清管器下坡球速防止弥合水击的有效措施,为类似管道的通球操作及投产运行提供了参考。     

油气管道局部管体损伤导波检测研究与应用

文中对磁致伸缩超声导波检测原理进行了研究,通过对长输管道建模分析,得到长输管道的导波传输特性。实验室样管与现场管道的导波实测数据表明,导波检测具有单点激励、长距离传输的特点,对长输管道重点区域检测具有适宜性和局限性。     

小口径管道内检测通过能力验证试验

为了对某273 mm口径成品油管道内检测项目所用的清管器、检测器通过能力进行验证,设计了试验管道及验证工艺。试验管道通过能力与实际管道一致。验证工艺通过压缩空气推动水,最终推动清管器或检测器在试验管道中行进。现场验证试验证实项目采用的清管器及内检测器通过能力满足要求。     

原油管道内腐蚀检测技术研究

某输油站内原油管道过路埋地段在使用过程中,发生了内腐蚀穿孔泄漏。文中针对该条原油管道内腐蚀泄漏情况,通过使用超声相控阵内腐蚀检测技术对该条管线进行内腐蚀缺陷扫查,并结合管段相对高程和管内原油介质成分分析结果,对该条原油管道内腐蚀穿孔现象进行原因分析。结果表明,该条管道属于典型的静置管道,管内原油含水量大,氯含量较高,油品呈弱酸性,内腐蚀多发生于该条管道局部低洼位置底部6点钟附近,腐蚀失效主要原因为静置管道原油沉积水造成的电化学腐蚀。     

漠大原油管道添加进口减阻剂现场试验

为了研究添加进口减阻剂对漠大原油管道的增输效果,对漠大原油管道进行了进口减阻剂添加试验。在漠河首站添加减阻剂,分析了进口减阻剂的减阻增输效果,并与所应用的国产减阻剂进行了比较。通过试验发现：进口减阻剂对漠大原油管道的减阻效果明显,在同等情况下优与国产减阻剂。     

西气东输二线府河定向钻穿越设计与施工

西气东输二线长输管道定向钻穿越府河工程,采用了大口径、长距离、入土端含卵砂石条件下的水平定向钻技术。文中介绍输气管道在府河复杂地质条件下定向钻穿越的设计方法与施工方案,论述定向钻穿越设计、处理卵砂层方法、导向孔钻进、扩孔、回拖、泥浆配置等技术,总结工程设计及施工经验,为大口径长输管道定向钻穿越技术在复杂地层中的应用和发展提供新的实践资料。     

电磁感应加热在管道管口焊接预热中的应用

为适应大口径长距离管道优质高效建设的需要,采用电力半导体元件研制成功大口径管道管口中频预热设备并投入西气东输工程应用。实现了可控硅中频电源的风冷化、小型化及与自制的多功能移动电站的动力匹配;电磁感应加热器采用有断点开合结构及无断点技术,操作简便,性能可靠。克服了施工现场气候环境因素及管墩等障碍的影响,提高了管口预热综合效率,填补了国内现代感应技术在长输管道施工中应用的空白。     

对原油管道最低出站油温的控制分析

对原油管道最低出站油温的控制进行分析,通过全面考虑原油管道正常运行、停输和再启动情况下管道系统的散热和流动特性,对建立的数学模型利用数值解法的预测一校正法和有限元法联立求解,并在此基础上编制了模拟软件,可对实际生产提供科学依据。通过对实际管道进行分析,得出原油管道最低出站油温的控制由季节、管道的允许停输时间、要求恢复正常运行的时间以及出站最高可加热油温等因素而决定。     

Φ1016 mm油气管道管内智能封堵器的设计

陆地及海底油气管道的维护或维修都应避免停输作业,利用管内智能封堵技术能在不停输情况下进行管道维修作业。设计了一种Φ1 016 mm油气管道管内智能封堵器,封堵器由清管模块、锚定模块和密封模块串联组成,具有双锚定单密封的功能,并能在到达故障管段之前实现减速;利用有限元软件abaqus对封堵器的密封性能进行了分析,结果表明在管内介质压力为10 MPa的情况下,密封能力(压力)达到了15 MPa.该研究为大口径管内智能封堵技术提供可参考的技术方案。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.