PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料的耐久性能

混凝土结构的耐久性是工程领域需要迫切解决的问题之一。PVA（聚乙烯醇）纤维增强水泥基复合材料（PVA—ECC）在水泥基制品开发、桥梁道路施工、结构加固补强等领域有着广阔的应用前景。文中阐述了各种因素对PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料的耐久性能的影响及目前研究的不足,以进一步研究优化该材料的耐久性能,更好地应用于实际工程。     

氧化石墨烯水泥基复合材料的流动性、力学性能及其作用机理探究

氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide,GO)对水泥基复合材料的调控与增强效应成为了研究的热点问题.文中系统研究了GO对水泥胶砂的流动性和物理力学性能的影响,并借助X-射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)等手段进行微观表证.结果表明,水泥胶砂的流动性随GO掺量的增加而降低,GO对水泥水化行为具有显著的促进作用,对水泥水化产物有调控作用,能够使水泥水化产物有序规整发展,减少微观缺陷,实验证明GO掺量为0.1%时可大幅提高水泥基复合材料的抗折强度与抗压强度.     

原位生成TiCp增强钛基复合材料的高温氧化

针对钛基复合材料发展应用中的关键问题——高温氧化性能,通过800℃高温进行氧化实验得到了氧化增重特性,并利用扫描电镜SEM(Soanning Electron Microscope)、能谱仪EDS(Electronic Differential System)和X衍射XRD(X-ray Diffractometer)研究了钛基复合材料经氧化试验后表面氧化层的结构、相组成及成分。结果表明:钛基复合材料的氧化规律为抛物线规律,以Ti6Al为基的钛基复合材料比以纯钛为基的钛基复合材料具有更好的抗高温氧化性能,增强体含量越高,复合材料的抗氧化性越佳。TiC颗粒及其与基体的界面对复合材料的氧化物形成有重要的影响,Al原子的加入改变了材料的氧化机制。     

水泥基复合材料修复和加固既有混凝土构件界面粘结性能研究进展

采用水泥基复合材料修复和加固既有混凝土构件可提高其整体性,改善构件刚度、承载力和耐久性能。本文对水泥基复合材料修复和加固既有混凝土构件的界面粘结机理和界面粘结理论模型的研究成果进行了归纳和总结,分析了不同界面粗糙度、混凝土强度及界面剂对粘结性能的影响,指出了水泥基复合材料修复和加固既有混凝土构件的界面粘结性能需进一步研究的方向。     

氯离子侵蚀下混合纤维增强钢筋混凝土损伤规律

混合纤维增韧混凝土具有很好的耐久性。针对PVA和UPE混合纤维混凝土,采用高浓度氯离子溶液进行120 d侵蚀试验,并结合三维数值模拟技术,预测分析氯离子侵蚀前后钢筋混凝土梁的承载力和损伤变化规律。结果表明,无纤维混凝土和纤维体积含量为0.2%(其中0.1%PVA和0.1%UPE)的混凝土受海水侵蚀后脆性增加,峰值应力和对应的应变减小;但掺加纤维能降低混凝土梁遭受氯离子侵蚀的抗弯曲承载能力的损失率和峰值应力对应的应变损失率,同时增加梁的韧性;加载位移为20 mm时,海水侵蚀后有纤维的梁最终拉伸损伤比无纤维的梁最终拉伸损伤减小4.9%,最终压缩损伤比无纤维的梁最终压缩损伤减小16.2%。     

聚乙烯醇纤维加筋水泥固化疏浚土静力特性试验研究

疏浚土由于其高含水率、低渗透性、低承载力等特性,无法大规模的利用.文中选用聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维作为加筋材料,P.O42.5普通硅酸盐水泥作为固化材料,对长江中下游航道疏浚土进行固化,分别对养护龄期为7、14、28 d的固化疏浚土进行静力特性试验,探究了不同养护龄期、纤维掺量及长度模数对固化疏浚土强度的影响规律,为长江中下游疏浚土的加固利用提供参考.试验结果表明:养护龄期为7、14 d时,土体的黏聚力随纤维长度模数和掺量的增加而逐渐增大;养护到28 d时,土体的黏聚力随纤维模数和掺量的增大有最大值.随着纤维长度模数和掺量的增加,土体的内摩擦角逐渐降低并趋于稳定,随着养护龄期的增加,纤维对内摩擦角的影响逐渐减小.PVA纤维的最佳长度模数和掺入量分别为6 mm和0.1%,此时纤维对疏浚土的加固效应最佳.     

土体抗剪指标和基床厚度对重力式码头结构地基承载力的影响

为合理确定重力式码头结构基础尺度,对重力式码头结构地基承载力变化与地基土体抗剪指标(黏聚力和内摩擦角)、基床厚度等参数变化之间的敏感程度进行分析。结合大连港太平湾港区某码头工程实例,采用《水运工程地基设计规范》中的方法计算地基承载力抗力分项系数,并绘制地基承载力抗力分项系数与地基土体抗剪指标、基床厚度之间的关系曲线。结果显示:黏土内摩擦角、黏聚力数值的增加可持续提高地基承载力;黏土内摩擦角的数值越大,对地基承载力的提高作用越显著;当基床厚度增加时,对地基承载力的提高作用逐渐减弱。在以地基承载力确定重力式码头结构地基尺度时,可以通过改善土体指标或增加基床厚度提高地基承载力,但应避免一味地增加基床厚度。     

高性能水泥基复合材料的新进展

水泥基复合材料已由普通性能发展到高性能并向超性能方向发展。经过复合技术混凝土不是一种单纯抗压强度高的一般材料而是具有高强度，高韧性，高耐久性的水泥基复合材料，本文较全面地综述了国内外的有关研究和成果。     

水中兵器用复合材料的研究

颗粒增强复基复合材料具有优异的机械性能和物理性能，是制造水中兵器零部件理想的材料。本文综合评述颗粒增强铝基复合材料的各种制备方法和有关性能，介绍颗粒增强铝基复合材料在一些领域的应用情况。     

静电纺丝法制备聚乙烯醇纳米纤维

纳米纤维的制备和应用是纳米材料研究中极为活跃的领域和发展前沿。静电纺丝法作为一种能够直接、连续制备聚合物纳米纤维的方法,受到广泛关注。本文利用电纺技术制备了聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alconhol,PVA)纳米纤维,考察了PVA溶液静电纺丝中PVA浓度,纺丝电压和接收距离等电纺参数对PVA纤维形成及其微观形貌的影响。实验结果表明,PVA浓度对PVA纤维形成和形貌起决定作用,随PVA浓度的提高,块体转变为均匀纤维,纤维直径逐渐增加;当接收距离和溶液流速恒定时,随纺丝电压的提高,纤维平均直径有缓慢提高的趋势;接收距离几乎不影响PVA纳米纤维的微观形貌。通过实验确定了制备PVA纳米纤维最佳条件为:电纺溶液组成为10%PVA水溶液,纺丝电压:15kV,流速:0.5mL/h,接收距离:15cm。     

Strength analysis of fillet welds under longitudinal and transverse shear conditions

In support of the development of improved fillet weld sizing criteria for lightweight shipboard structures, a comprehensive static strength test program using longitudinal and transverse shear specimens according to AWS B4.0 Standards has been conducted. This test program covers base material with strength ranging from 71 ksi (490 MPa) to 96 ksi (660 MPa) and weld size ranging from 1/8″ (3 mm) to 3/8″ (10 mm). This paper focuses on a traction stress based analysis of the test data as an effort to establish a unified shear strength definition for load-carrying fillet weld specimens regardless of shear loading conditions. The proposed shear strength definition proves to be effective in correlating the fillet weld strength test data of the longitudinal and transverse shear specimens. The results of this investigation demonstrate that existing shear strength definitions used by various weld sizing criteria such as those given by Class Societies have two major limitations: (1) it cannot be related to a critical stress state on experimentally observed failure plane in transverse shear specimens; (2) it underestimates shear stress at failure due to severe stress concentration at weld end in typical longitudinal shear specimens. These two limitations have been shown to be the major cause for having two significantly different shear strength values: one is transverse shear strength obtained from transverse shear specimens and the other is longitudinal shear strength obtained from longitudinal shear specimens.     

黄骅港淤泥动力特性的三轴试验研究

针对波浪作用的具体特点,对黄骅港海床表层淤泥进行了动模量、动变形及动强度试验。给出了该淤泥的动模量和阻尼比随固结压力和动剪应变的变化关系。通过分析该淤泥的动强度曲线发现,对于一定的固结压力对应于长振次(>1 000)的破坏动剪应力差别很小,可能存在一个门槛动剪应力,在该应力下即使长振次振动也不会发生破坏。该淤泥在波浪作用下的固结不排水剪切动强度约为静固结不排水强度的50%。     

角焊缝角变形产生机制的研究

以T形焊接接头为算例,用有限元数值计算方法研究了六个固有应变分量各自对角焊缝角变形的作用效应,发现导致角变形产生的主要因素是与焊缝平行的平面内垂直于焊缝方向的固有剪切应变分量;将该固有剪切应变分量以均匀和非均匀两种分布形式施加在焊缝区,发现只有非均匀分布的固有剪切应变使焊接接头产生角变形.由此可知:角焊缝角变形产生的主要原因是在焊缝及其附近区域不均匀分布的固有剪切应变分量,而不是板厚方向上非均匀分布的横向固有正应变分量.此结论指出了关于焊接角变形产生机制的传统思维的认识误区,对研究预测角焊缝角变形简化方法具有指导意义.     

Experimental and numerical investigations of the ultimate torsional strength of an ultra large container ship

Structures of ultra large container ships (ULCS) are characterized by large deck openings and low torsional rigidity. It is essential to comprehensively figure out their collapse behaviors under pure torsion with both model experiments and numerical simulations, making an evaluation of their ultimate torsional strength. In this paper, a similar scale model of a 10,000TEU container ship has been designed and manufactured first, in which both geometric similarity and strength similarity are taken into account. Next the collapse behaviors of the test model are detailedly illustrated with both experimentally and numerically obtained results. Then discussions on warping or shear buckling deformations involved in the collapse process of the structure are conducted with extended numerical simulations. Finally, the ultimate torsional strength of the true ship is evaluated according to the similarity theory. Results show that it is the yielding and shear buckling of the side shells that causes the failure of the hull girder under pure torsion. Further nonlinear finite element analysis demonstrates that it may either have warping or shear buckling deformations in the torsional collapse process of the hull girder with a large deck opening, depending on the local rigidity distribution of side shells, which has a significant effect on the ultimate torsional strength of the hull girder.     

不同固结度对软土强度及变形的影响

土的固结度对土的工程力学性质影响较大。对重塑软土进行了不同固结度的三轴试验。试验结果表明:重塑软土的抗剪强度随着固结度的增加而增加;其抗剪强度指标c变化很小,基本为定值;准随着固结度增加并非单调增加。对试验数据用邓肯-张模型进行拟合分析,拟合效果随着围压和固结度的增大而变差。     

Structural mechanics for design of grouted connections in monopile wind turbine structures

Over the last 30 years it has become standard practice to connect offshore oil and gas structures to their foundation piles using cylindrical shaped grouted connections with shear keys or weld beads. Circumferential shear keys, or weld beads, are provided around the outside of the piles and the inside of the pile sleeves in jacket structures to transfer forces through the grouted connection. The same methodology is also now being used by the wind energy industry to connect wind turbine support structures to their foundation piles. These structures are subjected to rather severe dynamic loading, it is therefore important to document the fatigue capacity of these grouted connections. As a direct result of this need, a joint industry project focusing on the capacity of cylindrical shaped grouted connections with shear keys was initiated by DNV in January 2011 and continued through until completion in May 2012. This project has involved fatigue testing of grouted test specimens in the laboratory, finite element analyses and assessment and development of a recommended design methodology. The design methodology includes the Ultimate Limit State and the Fatigue Limit State. Fatigue testing of full-scale specimens would require very large test setup and hydraulic actuators. Therefore special box specimens were designed with a representative radial stiffness similar to that of large diameter connections, with both full size grout thickness and geometry of the shear keys. An analytical approach for design of these specimens and for the design of grouted connections in monopiles is presented in this paper.     

剪切波速在路基压实度检测中的应用

基于对不同类型路基土样的剪切波速检测和干密度试验数据的回归分析,确定路基剪切波速与土体干密度的相关模型,探讨路基压实度检测的便捷方法。在实际工程中为验证该模型的适用性,将剪切波速法与传统灌沙试验法进行对比,计算结果与试验结果基本相符,进一步证明由剪切波速推算路基土体干密度的方法是可行的。     

计及船体剪力作用和弹性固支的槽型舱壁极限强度分析

本文在Paik等人提出的预测槽型舱壁单槽梁模型极限弯矩的基础上，根据弹塑性导出了考虑到轴向载荷影响的计算公式。然后在同时考虑甲板及双层底对槽型舱壁弹性固支条件下，提出了单槽梁在轴向压力与侧向分布载荷联合作用下的极限压强预测公式。通过将计算结果分别与模型试验的结果和有限元计算的结果进行比较，对公式进行了验证。最后还讨论了轴向压力和端部固支刚度对槽型舱壁极限强度的影响。     

全长粘结岩锚抗拔受力特性

根据锚杆与锚固浆之间界面耦合机理,分析了岩锚抗拔状态下界面剪应力的分布特征。基于变形协调得出小荷载情况下界面剪应力随离锚固受力点距离的增大成指数衰减,并随荷载增加,界面出现4个变形段,分离段和残余变形段随着塑性区开展产生非耦应力向远端传递。耦合区界面剪应力分布与小荷载情况不同,其相关模量参数可采用综合折减系数表示。同时,提出了单孔多锚杆受力剪应力衰减模型,并通过试验证示了现场锚杆在荷载逐级加大时,剪应力峰值强度的变化规律。     

十字板剪切试验在港珠澳大桥岛隧工程勘察中的应用

饱和软黏土是水运工程建设中最常遇到的土层,十字板剪切试验已广泛地应用于测定饱和软黏土的抗剪强度。结合港珠澳大桥岛隧工程的岩土工程勘察实例,对电测式十字板的测试技术进行改进,并对试验成果的应用进行探讨。