台风损毁后某护岸修复方案研究

本文结合我国东南沿海某护岸受台风损毁修复工程,根据台风损毁后护岸的破坏情况,结合工程所在海域的潮流、波浪等自然条件,分析堤身损毁的原因,在现场调研基础上,经过断面物理模型试验研究、验证,提出合理可行的护岸修复方案.护面采用1:1.25的陡坡设计,既体现了集约型使用海域的要求,又增大了陆域使用面积;在大于10 s的较长周...     

珠海桂山岛十三湾防波堤修复加固方案

针对开敞海域防波堤结构遭遇风浪袭击而破坏的问题,分析破坏原因并选择适用的修复加固方案。引用较为详实的的风、浪、水流等资料,特别考虑了近些年出现的几个强、超强台风对工程海区风浪的影响,通过规范计算与模型试验相结合的方式,确定防波堤堤顶高程、护面块体质量等主要设计参数及断面结构形式。同时,从防波堤使用功能及港内泊稳条件的角度考虑,优化防波堤平面布置。结合模型试验研究成果,提出了针对性较强的修复加固及优化布置方案,对类似工程具有一定的借鉴意义。     

长江口航道整治建筑物修复实践

选取长江口航道整治建筑物近年来典型损坏修复工程实例,介绍长江口航道易冲刷河段整治建筑物修复设计及工程质量控制措施。针对航道整治建筑物堤身塌陷、护底冲刷、灯桩基础倾斜等代表性损坏,查明原因,研究确定修复措施,提出施工质量控制要点。修复工程实施后,整治建筑物监测分析表明,损坏部位得到有效修复,周边地形河势稳定,实现了预期修复目标。     

连云港西大堤合龙口施工

简要介绍连云港大堤合龙口的施工概况，为选择合理的合龙施工方案，首先必须估算出龙口内的真实流速，并结合工程实际，采用了合龙口“先减宽抛填断面截流合拢，再爆破补抛加宽形成全断面”的施工方案实践证明。该该当不仅能降低成本，而且满足了工期需要。     

港口工程深水大潮差下砂芯防波堤断面比选

针对港口工程传统抛石斜坡堤结构深水大潮差条件下堤心石用量大的问题,进行了深水砂芯斜坡式防波堤研究。结合某实际工程项目中砂芯防波堤断面的比选,主要从断面结构选择、施工可行性、工程造价和潮差作用下的边坡稳定性等方面对各个方案进行对比分析。结果表明,砂芯防波堤断面采用块石围埝方案满足港口工程深水大潮差条件下的设计要求,该结构形式防波堤断面为港口工程深水防波堤或石料缺乏地区的类似工程提供借鉴和参考。     

茂名港博贺港区西防波堤修复断面稳定性试验研究

茂名港西防波堤采用抛石斜坡式和沉箱直立式相结合的形式,因2015年台风"彩虹"对防波堤0+270—0+650区段造成损坏严重,致使外坡大量块石被冲刷,重新恢复原貌施工难度较大,为此需在破坏后的基础上对防波堤断面进行修复。通过断面物理模型试验对修复方案的稳定性进行验证和优化,最终确定的修复方案为-2.0 m护面戗台上采用2~3 t块石进行加护,堤顶采用11 t扭王字块体护面全掩护。     

某大型绞吸式挖泥船舵系修复方案

文章通过对某大型绞吸式挖泥船在厂修理期间的状况进行研究，分析了导管舵舵杆轴套偏磨严重的现象及其原因，制定了专业的修复方案并完成了修复工程。解决了船舶的零部件磨损等问题，消除了船舶的安全隐患，为其它船舶的类似工程提供了经验。     

温岭市石塘渔港二期防波堤工程结构方案研讨

结合温岭石塘渔港二期防波堤工程，探讨防波堤的轴线布置方案与断面结构方案，重点研究了桩基档板透空式防波堤这一较新型结构，该防波堤具有结构简单、施工方便、对潮流影响小的优点，发展前景广阔。     

关于一种防波堤结构断面方案的探讨

在天津港北大防波堤新建工程方案投标中，提出了用混凝土双向削角空心块体与斜波堤相结合的断面形式来减弱波浪作用力影响，有利于稳定和减轻整体质量。     

软体排塌陷弯曲变形的应变响应特征分析*

软体排是长江中下游航道主要的洲滩防护结构，其变形的应变响应特征对评估分析软体排服役状态具有重要意义，目前对此研究较少。针对目前软体排塌陷变形应变响应特征研究存在的难点，开展模型试验，研究软体排塌陷弯曲变形下的应变响应特征，并提出排体塌陷变形的识别方法。结果表明：排体塌陷变形时断面应变呈“双峰”型的分布特征；该分布特征是由于内部排体弯曲变形并向内卷缩，通过定点处的固定作用带动光纤受压，导致该部分感测光纤呈现负应变而形成。     

船体总纵极限强度破坏过程的可视化研究

针对Smith方法计算船体承载下的整个破坏过程,提出了一种以MFC为平台、OpenGL为图形接口的可动态显示的可视化方法,可以非常直观的分析整个过程中的中横剖面弯矩、曲率、中和轴以及截面各单元的应力变化情况,给研究船体极限破坏提供了的便利。     

长江中下游河道崩岸研究现状及展望*

基于长江中下游河道崩岸研究现有成果,从崩岸形态学、水沙动力过程及岸坡稳定性三个角度对现有崩岸研究中的基本观点和需要进一步深入研究的科学问题进行探讨。提出后续研究可以从河势条件和土体自身性质与崩岸形态之间的关系、崩岸区段的复杂水流结构、坡脚处的冲刷过程以及崩塌土体的堆积与分解形式等方面展开。     

Compartment level progressive collapse analysis of lightweight ship structures

The continued development of large high speed ships, often constructed from aluminium alloy, has raised important issues regarding the response of lightweight hull girders under primary hull girder bending. In particular, the response of lightly framed panels in compression may be influenced by overall panel buckling over several frame spaces. Therefore, to provide improved ultimate strength prediction for lightweight vessels, an extended progressive collapse methodology is proposed. The method has capabilities to predict the strength of a lightweight aluminium midship section including compartment level buckling modes. Nonlinear finite element analysis is used to validate the extended progressive collapse methodology.     

泡沫铝填充薄壁结构吸能分析

研究了4种截面形式的泡沫铝填充薄壁结构的吸能特性。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA显式动态有限元分析软件,对结构轴向冲击过程进行仿真,给出了作用反力、吸能效率随轴向压缩位移的曲线,并讨论了截面形式、冲击速度、薄壳材料和泡沫铝密度等参数对结构吸能的影响,为合理的抗冲击结构设计提供参考。     

破损散货船剩余极限强度的评估与分析

船体发生破损后.其剩余有效剖面是非对称的,船体还可能倾斜.根据IACS共同规范(CSR),采用逐步破坏分析法计算船体梁在不同破损情况下的剩余极限强度,同时编制了计算程序.对1艘散货船在完整和不同破损状态下的船体结构安全性进行了系统评估,并得到了一些有意义的结论.     

天津港26段泊位后方承台塌陷事故原因分析

1987年3月,天津港26段泊位在接卸海砂时曾发生后方承台局部塌陷事故,造成一定的社会影响和经济损失;结合当时事故调查处理,介绍该码头的建设、使用和破坏情况,着重对码头结构损坏的原因进行计算分析,并简要介绍后方承台局部修复措施。     

Hydroelasto-plasticity approach to predicting the post-ultimate strength behavior of a ship’s hull girder in waves

Dynamic collapse behavior of a ship’s hull girder in waves is investigated; post-ultimate strength behavior is the focus. Firstly, a simulation method is proposed. Assuming that a plastic hinge is formed during the collapse of the hull girder, the whole ship is modeled as two rigid bodies connected amidship via a nonlinear rotational spring. The post-ultimate strength behavior, such as the reduction of load carrying capacity due to buckling and yielding, is reflected in the model. Hydrodynamic loads are evaluated by using nonlinear strip theory to account for the effect of large plastic deformations on the loads. A scaled model for validation of the simulation is designed and fabricated. Then a series of tank tests is conducted using the scaled model to validate the simulation results. Post-ultimate strength behavior characteristics in waves are clarified by using the numerical and tank test results. It is shown that the hull girder collapses rapidly after reaching ultimate strength, and then the plastic deformation grows until unloading starts at the collapsed section. Finally, several parametric dependencies of the extent of the collapse behavior are discussed based on a series of the simulations.     

Ultimate strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads,Part 2: An extension of Smith's method

This paper is the second of two companion papers concerning the ultimate hull girder strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads. The nonlinear finite element analysis in Part 1 has shown that local bending deformation of a double bottom due to bottom lateral loads significantly decreases the ultimate hogging strength of container ships. In this Part 2, extending Smith's method for pure bending collapse analysis of a ship's hull girder, a simplified method of progressive collapse analysis of ultimate hogging strength of container ships considering bottom local loads is developed. The double bottom is idealized as a plane grillage and the rest part of the cross section as a prismatic beam. An average stress-average strain relationship of plate/stiffened plate elements employed in Smith's method is transformed into an average stress-average plastic strain relationship, and implemented in the conventional beam finite element as a pseudo strain hardening/softening behaviors. The extended Smith's method is validated through a comparison with nonlinear finite element analysis.     

Propagating buckles in corroded pipelines

Rigid–plastic solutions for the steady-state, quasi-static buckle propagation pressure in corroded pipelines are derived and compared to finite element predictions (ABAQUS). The corroded pipeline is modeled as an infinitely long, cylindrical shell with a section of reduced thickness that is used to describe the corrosion. A five plastic hinge mechanism is used to describe plastic collapse of the corroded pipeline. Closed-form expressions are given for the buckle propagation pressure as a function of the amount of corrosion in an X77 steel pipeline. Buckles that propagate down the pipeline are caused by either global or snap-through buckling, depending on the amount of corrosion. Global buckling occurs when the angular extent of the corrosion is greater than 90°. When the angular extent is less than 90° and the corrosion is severe, snap-through buckling takes place. The buckle propagation pressure and the corresponding collapse modes also compare well to finite element predictions.     

Analysis of the accident of the MVNakhodka. Part 2. Estimation of structural strength

In the early morning of January 2, 1997, a Russian tanker, the MVNakhodka, broke in two in the Sea of Japan. The fore part of the vessel drifted and was stranded on the coast of Japan, and the aft part sank. The coast of Japan was seriously polluted by spilled heavy oil. Following this disaster, the Japanese Government established a Committee for the Investigation of the Causes of the Casualty of theNakhodka. This paper deals with the structural strength of MVNakhodka at the time of the accident. First the structural characteristics of theNakhodka are described, and the reduction in thickness of the structural members are estimated based on the data measured on the fore part of the vessel which drifted ashose. Then the ultimate longitudinal strength of the hull girder at the time of the accident is evaluated by applying Smith's method, and the possibility of break-up collapse due to excess loads is discussed. The mechanism of fracture at the bottom plate is also discussed based on the observed fracture surfuce of the cross section. Finally an FEM (finite element method) simulation of the break-up of the hull girder is performed. It is shown that buckling/plastic collapse took place at the deck plate near Fr.153, which was followed by the successive buckling collapse of the side shell plate of the hull girder. Right after the collapse of the deck structure, the bottom plate fractured just in front of the transverse bulkhead at Fr.153. This article is based on an article that appeared in Japanese in the Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan, vol. 183 (1998).