美国及中国军用无人机的新发展与性能分析

文章介绍了美国军用无人机的一些新发展以及中国军用无人机的发展情况,并对各自发展的方向和趋势作了简要概括。通过对中美几种军用无人机性能参数的对比和分析,指出了中国军用无人机的差距。     

美军军事通信卫星发展趋势分析及启示

文章讨论了美军先进的军事卫星通信系统,分析归纳了美军卫星通信的特点与发展趋势,并针对我国军事通信卫星发展现状阐述了需要解决的关键技术问题及发展思路。     

马士基为美国政府及军方服务的准军事船队揭秘

文中以马士基航运公司与美国政府及军方的合作为线索,揭示了马士基公司船队的准军事化,其中包括拥有武装船只、提供准军事化服务等。这不仅增强了自身营运的安全性,同时也为美国政府及军方提供了便利的服务。毫无疑问,这样的营运模式对公司和美国政府及军方都是有利的,同时,马士基公司的这种特殊营运模式也为世界各国提供了新的思路。     

通用超短波跳频电台的研究与实现

在国际上超短波跳频通信最先进的技术当属美国国防军事通信技术,超短波跳频电台在各国军用领域使用广泛,该类电台目前也开始广泛用于商业、特别是在用于各财团或跨国公司,以保证信息的安全。该文阐述了跳频通信基本原理,围绕超短波跳频电台系统的需求、方案设计等问题做了相应的分析,并给出电台的工程实现方案。     

美国海军核潜艇发展过程中的组织管理研究

核潜艇装备研制周期长、涉及部门多、关系复杂,美国海军经过几十年的探索发展,目前已经建立了较为健全、成熟的核潜艇组织管理体系。本文旨在通过对美国核潜艇发展过程中组织管理机构和组织管理过程的深入研究与剖析,为我国核潜艇相关研制部门完善组织管理体系提供参考。     

美国全球定位系统GPS现代化进展

美国全球定位系统GPS是目前性能最完善、定位精度最高、应用最广泛的卫星导航定位系统。介绍了GPS系统服务现状，以及美国进行GPS现代化的原因、意义，并且详细介绍了美国在民用和军用实行GPS现代化的步骤和进程。     

美军多数据链协同技术研究

美军在不同时期开发了一系列的战术数据链,根据对几个典型数据链的分析发现传统数据链存在诸多缺陷,但是新的数据链并不能取代传统的数据链,于是形成了多种战术数据链并存的局面。目前美军采取的多链协同技术,主要是利用网关系统和数据转发系统进行数据链之间的互通。网关系统包括指挥控制处理器（C2P）和多战术数据链处理器（MTP）。最后分析了美军多链协同技术对我军数据链发展的借鉴意义。     

Risk and return of U.S. water transportation stocks over time and over bull and bear market conditions

The aim of this paper is to investigate the behaviour of water transportation company stock returns in the U.S. stock exchanges from 1985 to 1994 in order to determine whether the systematic risk of this industry is different from that of the 'average' company in the market, whether it has changed over the ten year period, over bull and bear market conditions, and whether there is a firm 'size' effect in the industry. In the context of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (Capm), we find that the systematic risk of the shipping industry return is not different from that of the 'average' company. It is also found that the covariance of water transportation companies with respect to the overall stock market return did not change over the ten year period although it appears that it has changed over normal upward/downward market movements. There is also reasonable evidence that the intercept of the equation might have changed over normal upward/downward market movements. Finally, we document contradictory evidence regarding the size effect; during the period 1985-1989 we find small companies to have significantly higher returns and risk while during the period 1990-1994 medium size companies tend to have higher risk than small and large firms, which is not however compensated by higher returns.     

美国军船入级策略及其带来的积极影响

通过对军船入级的起源、美国军船入级历程和经验的研究,可以更好地了解军船入级的目的、程序和方法。本文首先对美国军船入级组织机构、运作方式及管理模式进行分析。在此基础上,对美国《海军高速舰艇指南》和《海军舰船规范》2个军船入级标准的架构及应用情况进行研究。剖析军船入级在小型高速巡逻艇、鱼雷回收艇及新一代大型水面舰船DDG1000入级过程中的实际应用效果。指出美国船级社及美国海军技术委员会在军船入级过程中所发挥的核心作用。通过研究认为军船入级是一项战略性决策,将在舰船建造管理及全寿命保障中收到事半功倍的良好效果。     

美军数据链建设及启示

数据链在现代战争中的作用日益突出，以美国为首的军事强国也越来越重视数据链的建设和应用。在分析美军数据链建设特点的基础上，得出了建设我军数据链的启示，提出了我军数据链的设计方案。     

The passenger vessel services act and America's cruise tourism industry

The Passenger Vessel Services Act (PVSA) of 1886, a cabotage law, attempts to shield U.S. maritime shipping from foreign competition. It also applies to the U.S. cruise ship industry. The PVSA requires foreign cruise ships that carry passengers between U.S. ports to also stop at foreign ports. Norwegian Cruise Line America (NCLA), which operates one U.S. flagged cruise ship in Hawaii, wants the U.S. Customs and Border Protection to require foreign cruise ships offering Hawaii itineraries from the U.S. west coast to spend more time in foreign ports. We analyze the merits of NCLA's proposal. We argue that rather than making the PVSA even more protectionist, the law should be repealed.     

国外舰艇建造工艺技术概况

分别从数字化造船、舰体、舾装、焊接等方面介绍了以美国为首的军事强国的舰艇建造工艺技术。     

美军信息战理论的发展及启示

通过介绍美军信息战理论和条令的发展演化,分析了美军信息战在实践中的一些具体应用案例,提出了我军信息战发展的建议。     

基于"网络中心战"的作战软件支撑技术

“网络中心战”理论是美军21世纪军事革命的重要组成部分。从“网络中心战”的基本原理入手，探讨了实施“网络中心战”的基本功能模块，进一步分析了作战软件运行环境的特点和要求，在此基础上对其支撑技术进行了较详细探讨。     

美国海军网络中心战浅析

三层联合网络组成了美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施：联合计划网络——协调制定战区作战计划，联合数据网络一协调和控制作战兵力，联合传感器网络一分发和融合实时传感器数据支持武器作战。网络中心战增强了战场空间态势感知能力，将信息优势转换成作战优势。     

仿生弹药时代的新浪潮

现代战争更大可能的是发生局部战争,需要大量的特种弹药执行特种任务。近几年随着仿生弹药开始进入人们的视野,它具有其他常规弹药不具备的一些优良新能,将势必会引领弹药发展的新浪潮。论文以美军为例,阐述了仿生弹药的研究现状,介绍了仿生弹药的发展趋势以及研制过程中亟待解决的若干关键问题。     

Norwegian North Sea action programme: Analysis of measures to reduce nutrient inputs

According to the terms of the Ministerial Declaration on the Protection of the North Sea, input of the nutrients phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) to the coast from the Norwegian‐Swedish border to Lindesnes should be reduced by about 50% between 1985 and 1995. The State Pollution Control Authority (SFT) has analyzed how Norway can achieve this reduction in the most cost‐effective way and at the same time achieve the greatest possible improvement in water quality along the Norwegian coast and in its watercourses.

Two alternative sets of measures were analyzed, both of which would meet the requirements of the Declaration. The lowest‐cost alternative would have average annual costs of about NKr 930 million (U.S.S150 million), and investments of about NKr 4000 million (U.S. $643 million). However, this set of measures would not take account of local water quality, and measures would therefore not always be introduced where the need is most pressing. SFT proposed that an alternative set of measures be implemented, almost all of which would also help to achieve local goals for water quality. This alternative will have annual costs of about NKr 980 million (U.S.$158 million), and investments of about NKr 4100 million (U.S.$659 million).     

Comparison of trends in tributyltin concentrations among three monitoring programs in the United States

The results of three national monitoring programs in the United States (U.S.) that measure concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) are compared. Regional and site comparisons are made of changes in TBT concentrations since passage of the Organotin Antifouling Paint Control Act (OAPCA) in 1988. The monitoring programs compared are the U.S. LongTerm Monitoring Program conducted by a consortium of tributyltin manufacturers, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Status and Trends Mussel Watch project, and the U.S. Navy's TBT monitoring program. All of the monitoring results demonstrate declining TBT concentrations over time. These declines have occurred rapidly (within a few years) and are considerable (56%–71% decrease in TBT concentrations in water, 47%–55% decrease in sediments, and 40%–82% decrease in bivalve tissues). Mean TBT concentrations in water are generally below the current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency marine chronic water quality criterion of 10ng/L. These results indicate that the OAPCA has been effective in reducing TBT concentrations in the aquatic environment.     

Regional fishery management councils: The federal perspective

Abstract

Under the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, the federal government cooperates with states, the fishing industry, and public constituencies to regulate fisheries. This paper notes changes in U.S. fisheries over the last decade, remarks on the effectiveness of the Act, and makes suggestions for an improved fishery management process.     

变分法在测控设备军事效益分析中的应用

测控设备在当前军事领域中有着越来越广泛的应用,如何分析和计算测控设备的军事效益,使其得到最大的价值体现,文章从泛函的变分角度出发,通过对问题进行合理的假设和分析,并构建测控设备的军事效益模型,以求得其最优控制策略。