地铁渡线地段大断面浅埋暗挖综合施工技术研究

文章结合北京地铁5号线和平西站至北土城东路站区间隧道施工实践,对地铁渡线地段浅埋、大跨、变断面隧道暗挖施工技术进行了分析,在从小断面向大断面施工、大断面向小断面施工以及双连拱地段等的施工技术方面提出了新的思路。     

硬质岩浅埋大断面隧道施工技术

文章以胶州湾海底隧道右线大断面洞段施工为背景,对浅埋、大断面暗挖隧道施工方法进行探讨。在对设计建议施工方案进行充分研究的基础上,结合施工经验和国内外先进施工理念,通过采用超前注浆、长锚杆、纵向连接加固、弱爆破等工程措施,实现了大断面洞段的安全、快速、经济施工,成功解决了硬岩、浅埋、暗挖大断面隧道的施工技术难题和组织难题,为类似工程提供了全新的解决方案和处理思路。     

浅埋暗挖法设计理论论述

王梦恕院士在多年工程实践和理论研究的基础上,著成我国第一部全面系统论述"浅埋暗挖法"理论、设计、施工的专著--<地下工程浅埋暗挖技术通论>,对浅埋暗挖技术的理论基础、工程理念、设计与施工方法进行了全面论述.浅埋暗挖设计理论其创新点可以概括为隧道埋深的界定及荷载计算、隧道断面型式确定、邻近地下工程及其穿越方式、断面衬砌设计、结构防水设计、结构设计计算、预支护设计及网构钢拱架设计,并提出了浅埋暗挖法理论设计原则,形成了一套完整的浅埋、超浅埋隧道与地下工程设计、施工理论体系.     

广州地铁六号线黄花岗至沙河顶暗挖区间下穿内环路技术方案研究

城市轨道交通工程下穿重要交通要道、建(构)筑物是不可避免的,工程自身和周边建(构)筑的安全控制非常困难.文章结合广州地铁六号线黄花岗站至沙河顶站暗挖区间下穿市内环路段工程所遇到的隧道超浅埋、围岩稳定性差、周边建(构)筑物保护难等问题进行了分析,通过采用钢便桥、WSS全断面注浆、大管棚、CD工法等措施,有效解决了超浅埋隧道施工及周边建筑保护中的相关问题.     

超浅埋暗挖大跨隧道下穿既有隧道的沉降控制技术

文章基于成都博览城综合交通枢纽18号线西博城站超浅埋暗挖大跨隧道施工实例,针对原设计CRD法施工存在的不足,提出了超浅埋暗挖大跨隧道下穿既有隧道的沉降控制和CRD法施工优化技术方案,并在施工中采用旋喷桩、超前大管棚和超前小导管注浆等辅助措施进行地层加固,优化CRD小分部台阶开挖法及衬砌分部分块施工方案。实践证明,采用优化的CRD法施工方案和措施是有效的,减少了安全风险、加快了施工进度、降低了工程成本,可为今后类似工况条件下地铁区间暗挖大跨隧道下穿既有城市道路、隧道的施工和地表沉降控制提供借鉴。     

软弱围岩中单洞重叠隧道施工技术及研讨

单洞重叠隧道施工技术是深圳地铁在国内第一次采用.文章介绍了深圳地铁国老区间北段处于软弱围岩中的浅埋暗挖单洞重叠隧道的施工过程,及其在施工中采用的新技术、新工艺.     

悬臂式掘进机在地铁小净距浅埋暗挖隧道施工中的应用

悬臂掘进机在地铁暗挖隧道施工中应用较少。通过悬臂掘进机在青岛地铁8号线胶州北车辆段出入段线暗挖隧道施工的应用进行分析总结,悬臂掘进机在地铁软弱围岩施工时对围岩扰动少、施工进度快、开挖质量高,有效地降低了安全风险,具有独特的、无可比拟的优势,其施工经验为浅埋暗挖隧道下穿既有道路、临近既有建筑物施工提供了相关参考依据。     

浅埋暗挖地铁隧道地表沉降研究现状

地铁隧道施工的突出特点是地质条件差、干扰因素多、周围环境复杂。相应地,地表沉降则成为浅埋暗挖隧道工程面临的主要安全问题。随着地铁隧道修建理论和技术的发展,国内外学者围绕地表沉降的预测与控制展开了较为深入的研究和探索。文章围绕国内外地表沉降预测与控制的研究现状,对浅埋暗挖地铁隧道的变形预测、施工方法、监测与信息反馈技术展开分析,并提出了今后的发展方向。     

单洞双线盾构隧道扩挖地铁车站方案研究

在单洞双线盾构隧道基础上通过浅埋暗挖等工法扩挖形成地铁车站可以解决车站段与区间段施工工期的矛盾,避免盾构机拖拉过站,减小车站施工对周围环境的扰动。文章依托北京地铁机场线西延北新桥站工程,开展了盾构隧道扩挖地铁车站方案研究,设计了采用PBA工法扩挖形成两连拱车站和三连拱车站两种方案。采用MIDAS对两种方案进行数值模拟计算,推荐采用三连拱扩挖方案作为最优方案,并对三连拱车站结构合理设计参数进行了优化研究。     

粉煤灰地层浅埋大断面连拱隧道预加固方式研究

由于粉煤灰地层本身工程性质较差,隧道开挖时不同工序及支护方式的变化也极易影响掌子面的稳定及支护结构的安全.本文结合盐坪坝隧道埋深浅、跨度大、穿越不良地层粉煤灰地层的特点,对浅埋暗挖大断面隧道工程中常用的地层预加固方式做简要介绍并分析其适用性,结合现场实际,提出了一种适用于粉煤灰地层大断面连拱隧道的预加固技术,主要采用高压旋喷桩对穿越粉煤灰地段实施地表加固,从现场施工情况来看,盐坪坝隧道现已成功贯通,期间没有发生掌子面坍塌、地表沉陷等情况.     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.