偏心裂纹缺陷板的应力强度因子和极限拉伸强度分析

疲劳裂纹对船舶结构强度具有不可忽视的削弱作用,在过去的研究中,主要从断裂力学的角度对疲劳裂纹应力场进行分析,而对于静态裂纹板的极限强度的探讨相对较少.本文在有限元计算的基础上对具有偏心裂纹缺陷的矩形板的应力强度因子和极限拉伸强度进行了分析.对于偏心裂纹应力强度因子,在计算方法上有效地简化了文献[5]中提出的大单元有限元计算模型,并且用于分析裂纹偏心度对于应力强度因子的影响.对于偏心裂纹延性板,采用弹塑性有限元进行了大量的组合计算,分析了相对裂纹长度、材料屈强比和裂纹偏心度对板的拉伸极限强度的影响,并给出了方便计算的回归公式.该回归公式包含了多个参数对板的极限拉伸强度的影响,与实验结果吻合较好.     

中心穿透裂纹板在复杂载荷作用下的剩余极限强度分析

为了深入研究复杂载荷作用下的含中心穿透裂纹板的剩余极限强度,利用弹塑性有限元分析方法对现有的具有中心穿透裂纹板进行了双向拉伸载荷下的极限拉伸强度分析,得到了与实验结果比较吻合的结果;系列有限元计算结果表明,结构剩余极限强度随有效裂纹长度的增大而线性降低,并推导了具有较高精度的极限拉伸强度计算公式;最后对轴向压缩载荷作用下的具有初始挠度的中心穿透裂纹板进行了剩余极限强度分析,分析了裂纹参数和结构初始缺陷对其相对剩余极限强度的影响.计算结果表明,此时结构的剩余极限强度主要取决于结构中存在的初始缺陷的大小.     

中心斜裂纹矩形薄板的极限断裂强度分析

对具有中心穿透斜裂纹在弹性断裂和完全塑性断裂两种破坏模式下的断裂强度进行了分析.在弹性破坏模式下,利用应变能密度因子准则对不同的裂纹倾斜角和不同的矩形板长宽比对斜裂纹的初始扩展角度的影响进行了数值计算和讨论.对于延性材料的完全塑性断裂模式,利用弹塑性有限元对不同裂纹倾斜角下的矩形板的极限拉伸强度进行了分析,并对中心穿透裂纹拉伸强度简化计算公式进行了考虑裂纹倾斜角度的修正.     

基于J积分的含裂纹加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度计算

为研究含裂纹加筋板的极限拉伸强度,本文建立一系列不同长细比、不同裂纹长度、不同裂纹位置的含裂纹加筋板有限元模型,并基于J积分理论对其在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度进行了计算。结果发现含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随加筋板长细比的增大略有减小,但减小的程度并不明显;含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随裂纹长度的增大而减小,且减小的幅度逐渐增大;加强筋上的裂纹对含裂纹加筋板极限强度的影响小于底板上的裂纹,而裂纹同时出现在底板和加强筋上时对含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度的影响最大。表明含贯穿型裂纹的加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的剩余强度对加筋板长细比不敏感,而对裂纹长度较为敏感。     

基于J积分的含裂纹加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度计算

为研究含裂纹加筋板的极限拉伸强度,本文建立一系列不同长细比、不同裂纹长度、不同裂纹位置的含裂纹加筋板有限元模型,并基于J积分理论对其在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度进行了计算。结果发现含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随加筋板长细比的增大略有减小,但减小的程度并不明显;含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随裂纹长度的增大而减小,且减小的幅度逐渐增大;加强筋上的裂纹对含裂纹加筋板极限强度的影响小于底板上的裂纹,而裂纹同时出现在底板和加强筋上时对含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度的影响最大。表明含贯穿型裂纹的加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的剩余强度对加筋板长细比不敏感,而对裂纹长度较为敏感。     

屈强比对裂纹板极限强度的影响

工程上很重要的具有小裂纹板的极限强度却没有得到研究者的重视。文章首先对不同屈强比具有中心穿透裂纹的板进行了系列弹塑性有限元计算,结果表明板的极限强度随裂纹长度的衰减趋势可以分为两个阶段,而这两个阶段的范围并不是固定的,它们与板材的屈强比有着密切的联系。然后详细讨论了双向加载对裂纹板极限强度的影响,并对这些现象进行了合理解释。最后对这些计算结果进行了回归得到经验计算公式并将公式计算结果与实验结果及有限元结果进行比较,表明文中提出的公式具有较好的精度。     

含裂纹集装箱船厚甲板剩余极限强度时变衰减及维修建议

研究含初始裂纹集装箱船厚甲板的裂纹扩展及对剩余极限强度时变衰减的影响对于船舶的安全运营有很重要的意义。以8530TEU集装箱船为例,对含裂纹板进行剩余极限拉伸强度计算。计算结果表明：寿命期内板的裂纹扩展有一临界值,当大于该临界值,裂纹扩展急剧增加,剩余拉伸强度也迅速减小,3-5年内板就会发生断裂。因此,建议在第10年对目标甲板进行一次大的检测维修,对裂纹扩展严重的构件的进行更换。     

CFRP修复含裂纹加筋板极限强度仿真研究

[目的]为研究碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)粘贴修复含裂纹加筋板的极限强度,[方法]采用非线性有限元法对在轴向压缩载荷作用下的CFRP修复含裂纹加筋板的极限强度进行分析,基于CFRP修复含裂纹加筋板模型,对仿真结果与文献的试验结果进行比较,验证所提方法的准确性。以CFRP双面修复含裂纹加筋板为例,研究CFRP加筋板的极限强度,并对胶层剥离机理和胶层应力进行分析。[结果]结果表明,使用CFRP修复含裂纹加筋板后其极限强度得到了明显提高,且接近于含几何初始缺陷加筋板的极限强度;CFRP修复含裂纹加筋板的脱胶行为发生在极限强度之后。[结论]使用CFRP修复含裂纹损伤的加筋板可有效提高其极限承载能力,研究结果可为船舶与海洋工程结构修复提供参考。     

肘板趾端表面裂纹在随机波浪载荷作用下的疲劳扩展预报

肘板趾端是船舶与海洋结构的疲劳热点。文章用三维有限元分析了趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子修正系数的变化规律,并与BS7910推荐的典型节点表面裂纹应力强度因子公式计算结果作了对比,结果表明趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子沿深度方向的放大系数和T型节点相差很小,而表面端点应力强度因子修正系数则当裂纹长度在肘板厚度范围内时和T型节点相差很小,超出后则相差较大。以某客滚船上肘板趾端应力范围长期分布服从Weibull分布,产生系列均值为零的应力幅,应力强度因子分别采用有限元结果和BS7910中T型接头公式进行计算,采用单一曲线模型计算该趾端表面裂纹的裂纹扩展。计算等效应力强度因子幅时,考虑焊接残余应力的影响。计算结果表明以T型接头的公式计算趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子和有限元结果相差很小。建议将T型节点表面裂纹应力强度因子计算公式用于趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子的计算,并采用单一曲线模型对随机波浪载荷下作用下船舶典型节点疲劳裂纹的扩展寿命进行了预报。     

极地低温和凹陷损伤下加筋板极限强度的参数敏感性分析

为了快速评估含船冰碰撞凹陷损伤下加筋板在轴向压缩载荷作用下的极限强度，本文采用非线性有限元法对低温凹陷损伤加筋板的极限强度进行研究。根据EH36钢在低温下的材料力学性能试验，通过折减因子评估法，基于完整加筋板在轴向压缩下极限强度的经验公式，提出以加筋板柔度和加筋板壳板柔度为变化参数，采用最小二乘法拟合折减系数，得到低温含凹陷损伤加筋板剩余极限强度的经验公式。结果表明，相比于凹陷长度和凹陷深度，凹陷宽度对加筋板极限强度的影响较大；对比分析凹陷损伤加筋板极限强度的经验公式和有限元法的计算结果，误差较小，验证了船冰碰撞凹陷损伤下加筋板的极限强度快速评估方法的准确性。     

Effect of pitting corrosion on the ultimate strength of steel plates subjected to in-plane compression and bending

Corrosion pits with a circular cone shape are typically observed on coated hold frames of aged bulk carriers which carry exclusively coal and iron ore. In order to ensure the safety of these types of bulk carrier, it is necessary to understand the effect of pitting corrosion on the local strength of hold frames. In order to investigate this effect, a series of nonlinear finite-element (FE) analyses has been performed with pitted plates subjected to in-plane compressive loads and bending moments. It has been shown that the ultimate compression load or bending moment of pitted plates is smaller than that of uniformly corroded plates in terms of average thickness loss, and that predictions of the ultimate strength using the average thickness loss at the minimum cross section would be conservative. In order to establish a method of evaluating strength reduction due to pitting corrosion, it is important to identify the failure mode that would be most detrimentally affected by pitting corrosion. It was found that the reduction of the ultimate compressive load or bending moment due to pitting corrosion is smaller than that of the tensile strength in terms of equivalent thickness.     

Strength of ship plates under combined loading

Strength of ship plates plays a significant role in the ultimate strength analysis of ship structures. In recent years several authors have proposed simplified analytical methods to calculate the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates. The majority of these investigations deal with plates subjected to longitudinal compression only. For real ship structural plating, the most general loading case is a combination of longitudinal stress, transverse stress, shear stress and lateral pressure. In this paper, the simplified analytical method is generalized to deal with such combined load cases. The obtained results indicate that the simplified analytical method is able to determine the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates with imperfections in the form of welding-induced residual stresses and geometric deflections subjected to combined loads. Comparisons with experimental results show that the procedure has sufficient accuracy for practical applications in design.     

穿透裂纹薄板拉伸强度影响参数的有限元分析

对穿透裂纹薄板拉伸强度的影响参数进行了有限元分析.分析结果表明,具有穿透裂纹的薄板的拉伸强度受到板的材料屈服强度、泊松比,裂纹长度、开裂角度、开裂位置,板的长宽比、厚度,边界加载条件以及有限元分析网格精度的影响.文中给出了这些因素的影响曲线以及考虑影响参数的穿透裂纹薄板拉伸强度经验计算公式.     

Buckling and ultimate capability of plates and stiffened panels in axial compression

This paper presents extensive non-linear finite element (FE) analysis and formulation development work carried out on the ultimate compressive strength of plates and stiffened panels of ship structures. A review of contemporary designs for large ships was carried out. The existing formulae for plate ultimate compressive strength were reviewed and compared with non-linear FE analysis results. A semi-analytical formula for ultimate compressive strength assessments of stiffened panels was proposed and is described. The developed formula was verified against results using ABAQUS non-linear FE software for a series of 61 stiffened panels and a good agreement between the proposed formula and FE results were achieved. The method was verified against a large number of published FE results and was also compared with 58 experimental results. The developed method was also applied to the deck and bottom structures for a range of various sizes oil tankers and bulk carriers.     

焊接诱导的残余应力对加劲板轴向极限强度影响的简化模型研究（英文）

The present work investigates the compressive axial ultimate strength of fillet-welded steel-plated ship structures subjected to uniaxial compression, in which the residual stresses in the welded plates are calculated by a thermo-elasto-plastic finite element analysis that is used to fit an idealized model of residual stress distribution. The numerical results of ultimate strength based on the simplified model of residual stress show good agreement with those of various methods including the International Association of Classification Societies(IACS) Common Structural Rules(CSR), leading to the conclusion that the simplified model can be effectively used to represent the distribution of residual stresses in steel-plated structures in a wide range of engineering applications. It is concluded that the widths of the tension zones in the welded plates have a quasi-linear behavior with respect to the plate slenderness. The effect of residual stress on the axial strength of the stiffened plate is analyzed and discussed.     

A Simplified Model for the Effect of Weld-Induced Residual Stresses on the Axial Ultimate Strength of Stiffened Plates

The present work investigates the compressive axial ultimate strength of fillet-welded steel-plated ship structures subjected to uniaxial compression, in which the residual stresses in the welded plates are calculated by a thermo-elasto-plastic finite element analysis that is used to fit an idealized model of residual stress distribution. The numerical results of ultimate strength based on the simplified model of residual stress show good agreement with those of various methods including the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) Common Structural Rules (CSR), leading to the conclusion that the simplified model can be effectively used to represent the distribution of residual stresses in steel-plated structures in a wide range of engineering applications. It is concluded that the widths of the tension zones in the welded plates have a quasi-linear behavior with respect to the plate slenderness. The effect of residual stress on the axial strength of the stiffened plate is analyzed and discussed.     

平板在组合载荷作用下的极限强度预报的一种简化解析法

船体平板强度在船舶结构极限强度分析中起到十分重要的作用。最近几年，一些作者提出了计算平板极限强度的一种简化解析方法。但绝大部分的研究只考虑了平板纵向受压这一种简单载荷的情况。在我们成功地解决了三向组合载荷(纵、横压缩和垂向均布压力)的基础上，在本文中，我们又进一步将此方法推广到包含面内剪力在内的所有组合载荷分量均存在的一般情况。通过与一些规范公式的比较表明，本文所推导的公式是可以比较精确地预报平板在一般组合载荷作用下的极限强度。这一工作一方面可以为规范中的一些经验公式提供理论依据，另一方面也许可以提供比经验公式更好的外插能力。为了简化使用本文的方法，本文也在大量参数系列计算的基础上给出了一个回归的经验公式。     

Ultimate strength analysis of a bulk carrier hull girder under alternate hold loading condition,Part 2: Stress distribution in the double bottom and simplified approaches

This is the second of two companion papers dealing with nonlinear finite element modelling and ultimate strength analysis of the hull girder of a bulk carrier under Alternate Hold Loading (AHL) condition. The methodology for nonlinear finite element modelling as well as the ultimate strength results from the nonlinear FE analyses was discussed in the companion paper (Part 1). The purpose of the present paper is to use the FE results to contribute towards developing simplified methods applicable to practical design of ship hulls under combined global and local loads. An important issue is the significant double bottom bending in the empty hold in AHL due to combined global hull girder bending moment and local loads. Therefore, the stress distributions in the double bottom area at different load levels i.e. rule load level and ultimate failure load level are presented in detail. The implication of different design pressures obtained by different rules (CSR-BC rules and DNV rules) on the stress distribution is investigated. Both (partially) heavy cargo AHL and fully loaded cargo AHL are considered. Factors of influence of double bottom bending such as initial imperfections, local loads, stress distribution and failure modes on the hull girder strength are discussed. Simplified procedures for determination of the hull girder strength for bulk carriers under AHL conditions are also discussed in light of the FE analyses.