局部板架的振动计算研究

采用直接简化计算的方法对船上常见的局部板架结构的固有频率进行计算和分析研究。考虑到船上常见的局部板架结构和板架所处环境的不同,分3种不同类型的板架,同时考虑所处空间介质和船体内环境的不同,分别进行研究和计算;与激励源相比后适当修改板架的设计加强方式,以达到初期设计阶段避免船体局部共振的目的。     

A detailed finite element investigation of the effects of local lateral high-velocity impacts on the ultimate strength of unstiffened steel plates subjected to uniaxial in-plane compression

In this paper, the ultimate strength of unstiffened steel plates under uniaxial in-plane compression is numerically studied considering the local lateral impact of a rigid-body impactor. The plates are made of mild steel, where its behaviour is modelled by using the Johnson-Cook material model. The material parameters of the Johnson-Cook material model calibrated by the authors were employed for predicting the behaviour of the target in order to numerically reproduce the impact tests. The value of average in-plane stress of the plates is determined accounting for the collision of rigid-body impactor with masses of 50–150 gr and velocities of 400–1200 m/s. Moreover, the effects of stress waves induced as a result of lateral impact of the rigid-body impactor on the ultimate strength of the plates under uniaxial in-plane compression are also assessed. The results indicate that the ultimate strength of the plate decreases due to stress-wave creation and thus, it is required to take that into account. Besides, it is revealed that assuming the final damaged state of the plate after being laterally impacted by the rigid-body impactor as an initial condition, does not yield a correct response when evaluating its ultimate compressive strength under uniaxial in-plane compression.     

近距空爆载荷下钢板/聚脲复合结构动响应特性仿真

[目的]为探讨聚脲涂层对钢板抗爆性能的提升机制,掌握背涂聚脲层对钢板动响应特性的影响规律,对钢板/聚脲复合结构的抗爆动响应过程进行仿真研究。[方法]采用LS-DYNA软件对钢板/聚脲复合结构在近距空爆载荷作用下的变形/失效过程及吸能机制进行数值仿真,并与文献试验结果进行对比,验证数值仿真方法的合理性和准确性。在此基础上,进一步分析前侧钢板层与背侧聚脲层的厚度配比及强度配比对结构变形/失效及能量吸收的影响。[结果]结果表明:背侧聚脲层在抗爆过程中存在二次崩落现象,其崩落碎片动能在后侧聚脲层总吸能中占主导地位;随着钢板-聚脲厚度比值的增加,前侧钢板层的最大塑性变形先减小后增大;随着强度比值增大,钢板的最大塑性变形和聚脲的吸能占比均单调减小。近距空爆载荷作用下,由于崩落而形成的碎片动能是后侧聚脲层的主要吸能方式;总面密度不变时,钢板/聚脲复合结构存在抗爆性能最优的厚度配比;强度比值的增大会降低聚脲层的吸能占比,同时提升结构的整体抗爆性能。[结论]研究结果可为钢板/聚脲复合结构的抗爆防护设计提供参考。     

基于多种失效模式SPS复合钢板替换船用钢板的优化设计

在SPS复合钢板的设计中获取不同的失效模式。以减重为目标,应用序列二次规划法对SPS复合钢板进行等效船用钢板的优化设计,同时对SPS复合钢板进行多目标优化,应用层次分析法定各目标的权重。在这两种优化方法的基础上,对船用钢板与SPS复合钢板进行了屈曲、弯曲对比数值分析,同时将结果与理论计算结果对比分析。结果表明,SPS复合钢板重量能够减轻37%以上,刚度增加两倍多,但厚度增加70%。     

悬索桥钢箱梁桥面正交异性板局部承压试验与理论分析

正交异性板局部承载力对钢箱梁结构非常关键,我国桥梁设计规范也没有相关规定。以广州珠江黄埔大桥悬索桥钢箱梁局部承压试验为例,介绍了钢箱梁桥面正交异性板局部承压试验的内容、方法和实际加载方案等,通过对实测结果与理论计算值进行对比研究,进而对正交异性板承载力计算理论进行分析。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on welding simulation of long stiffened steel plate specimen

The paper presents the results of metal inert gas T-joint fillet welding tests of small scale rectangular stiffened steel plates longer than the standard test specimen. In the literature the focus is typically on plates with a small aspect ratio and the present work deals with plates of higher aspect ratio, which are the typical ones in marine structures, aiming to determine if there is any significant effect of welding along the longitudinal direction. Nonlinear thermo-elasto-plastic finite element models are adopted to evaluate the temperature distribution, welding induced distortions and residual stress in the stiffened plates of shipbuilding steel. Given the difficulty in data acquisition of temperature-dependent properties of the material, a simplified model of the properties is proposed, based on the values at room temperature. Good agreement is observed between the measured and simulated temperatures, indicating that the current finite element approach is appropriate to simulate the welding process. The proposed simplified material model can be efficiently used in the finite element analysis of welded steel structures. It is concluded that the welding parameters have more significant influence on the structural responses than the dimension of the plate.     

屈强比对裂纹板极限强度的影响

工程上很重要的具有小裂纹板的极限强度却没有得到研究者的重视。文章首先对不同屈强比具有中心穿透裂纹的板进行了系列弹塑性有限元计算,结果表明板的极限强度随裂纹长度的衰减趋势可以分为两个阶段,而这两个阶段的范围并不是固定的,它们与板材的屈强比有着密切的联系。然后详细讨论了双向加载对裂纹板极限强度的影响,并对这些现象进行了合理解释。最后对这些计算结果进行了回归得到经验计算公式并将公式计算结果与实验结果及有限元结果进行比较,表明文中提出的公式具有较好的精度。     

卷板类钢材装卸工艺的研发

港口传统的卷钢板装卸工艺已不适应港口的生产,研发了新的装卸工艺。介绍了普通卷钢板的装卸工艺。阐述了立式卷钢板装卸车工艺及大型卷钢板的装卸工艺。具体介绍了3种吊装大型卷钢板的方案,供不同的现场选用。     

双向密加筋板强度公式的推导及其修正

将双向密加筋板简化成正交异性板模型,通过对平衡方程的无因次变换,利用各向同性板的弯曲要素,求得正交异性板在均布载荷下的最大应力值。具体分析5种加筋板结构形式、2种加强筋类型和2种加强筋的尺寸。计算结果表明,文中提供的公式可以准确地对双向密加筋板的强度进行预报。     

双层水平板式防波堤结构箱型水平板研究

双层水平板式防波堤是一种新型的水工结构物,采用上下两层水平板达到消浪、透水的目的.本文研究的水平板采用钢制箱型板结构.根据物理模型试验测定的波浪荷载,应用ANSYS有限元软件,分别探讨不同支承形式、钢板厚度、H型钢加劲肋个数和型号等因素对水平板应力和变形的影响,并与传统计算方法相比较,为双层水平板式防波堤的结构设计及工程应用提供参考.     

加筋板结构振动声强可视化研究

基于结构声强法研究了加筋板结构振动能量的传输、分布和耗散特性。首先介绍结构声强分量的计算和声强可视化的相关理论,以及系统功率输入和输出的计算公式。在数值算例中,利用有限元法对3种常见的加筋板模型进行了简谐集中力作用下的响应计算,然后通过编制Matlab程序计算结构声强分量,并进行结构噪声源的定位,实现能量传输和衰减的可视化。同时针对不同的加筋形式对能量传递路径的影响也进行了讨论。研究了不同加筋板阻尼器能量耗散特性。最后以舰船平台板架为例揭示了结构声强技术在舰船振动设计中的应用价值。     

Welding-induced residual stresses and distortions of butt-welded corroded and intact plates

The welding-induced residual stresses and distortions of butt-welds between non-corroded and corroded steel plates are studied experimentally and numerically, simulating a repair in an aged structure. Butt welds are made between plates with different corrosion levels and intact ones, and temperature distributions and distortions have been measured. Finite element analyses of the butt-welded corroded and non-corroded plates are performed to estimate the welding-induced distortions and residual stresses for different levels of corrosion degradation. The environmental conditions during the welding repair process are also accounted for. Experimentally evaluated mechanical properties of corroded steel plates as a function of the temperature during the welding process are employed in non-linear finite element analyses. The importance of the material properties as a function of the severity of the steel plates' corrosion degradation on the welding-induced distortions and residual stresses is also quantified. This study shows the importance of considering the ageing of steel in the repair process. The developed methodology allows critical operational decisions to be made with greater ease and confidence in analysing the welding-induced distortions and residual stresses when ageing structures are repaired to extend their service life. Furthermore, different welding sequence scenarios may be analysed to identify the most appropriate repair solution in minimising the repair cost.     

A computational investigation of the effects of both-sides general corrosion on the buckling/plastic collapse behaviour and strength of stiffened plates

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the post-buckling behaviour and ultimate strength of imperfect corroded stiffened steel plates used in ships and other marine-related structures. A series of elastic–plastic large deflection finite element analyses is performed on stiffened steel plates suffering general corrosion wastage with random distribution. General corrosion is introduced into the finite element models using a random thickness surface model. The effects of corroded stiffened plate parameters on the post-buckling and ultimate strengths are evaluated in detail. The stiffeners of different symmetrical or unsymmetrical cross-sections are introduced into the models for analysis. Some distinctions are explored and highlighted between the behaviours of steel plates suffering general corrosion in unstiffened and stiffened cases. Finally, a proposal is given in order to simulate the average stress–average strain relationship of stiffened steel plates having both-surface general corrosion wastage.     

水火弯板局部收缩和整体变形的理论分析

简述水火弯板成形原理，分析了曲板局收缩与整体成形关系确定的重要性，应用分段圆弧样条函数拟合曲板的辊轧线。推导了两种典型双向曲度板和扭曲板的整体成形所需局部收缩量的计算公式，给出两个实船板算例，讨论误差产生的原因，提出了下一步研究内容。     

基于J积分的含裂纹加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度计算

为研究含裂纹加筋板的极限拉伸强度,本文建立一系列不同长细比、不同裂纹长度、不同裂纹位置的含裂纹加筋板有限元模型,并基于J积分理论对其在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度进行了计算。结果发现含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随加筋板长细比的增大略有减小,但减小的程度并不明显;含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随裂纹长度的增大而减小,且减小的幅度逐渐增大;加强筋上的裂纹对含裂纹加筋板极限强度的影响小于底板上的裂纹,而裂纹同时出现在底板和加强筋上时对含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度的影响最大。表明含贯穿型裂纹的加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的剩余强度对加筋板长细比不敏感,而对裂纹长度较为敏感。     

590MPa船用钢板控冷模型设计改进

针对我国自行研制的590MPa高强度船用钢板控冷模型的不足进行了改进,编制了新的控冷模型程序.该项研究对节约能耗、降低生产成本及提高钢板质量,具有一定的实际意义.     

对玻璃钢积层板和夹层板公式的探讨

在《玻璃纤维增强塑料渔业船舶建造规范》2008中,积层板及夹层板蒙皮厚度计算公式中的设计衡准参数存在理论缺陷,夹层板厚度计算公式不能充分体现夹层板各组分力学性能与彼此厚度之间的匹配关系。鉴于此,笔者依据复合梁原理,将积层板视为夹层板特例,提出积层板与夹层板的统一公式。此公式虽较各向异性板的弹性力学求解法粗略,但仍能体现夹层板各组分力学性能与厚度的匹配关系。经算例计算,统一公式计算值与LR《特规》相当接近,因此统一公式可用于玻璃钢船体设计。     

A Simplified Model for the Effect of Weld-Induced Residual Stresses on the Axial Ultimate Strength of Stiffened Plates

The present work investigates the compressive axial ultimate strength of fillet-welded steel-plated ship structures subjected to uniaxial compression, in which the residual stresses in the welded plates are calculated by a thermo-elasto-plastic finite element analysis that is used to fit an idealized model of residual stress distribution. The numerical results of ultimate strength based on the simplified model of residual stress show good agreement with those of various methods including the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) Common Structural Rules (CSR), leading to the conclusion that the simplified model can be effectively used to represent the distribution of residual stresses in steel-plated structures in a wide range of engineering applications. It is concluded that the widths of the tension zones in the welded plates have a quasi-linear behavior with respect to the plate slenderness. The effect of residual stress on the axial strength of the stiffened plate is analyzed and discussed.     

Stress magnification effect of initial deformation on the notch stress field and fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints

Compared with thick plate welded joint, the welding joint of thin plate will produce initial deformation due to its low bending rigidity. The existence of initial deformation will cause the welded structure to produce secondary bending effect, which will produce greater stress magnification effect at the weld toe and seriously affect the fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints. Therefore, based on the correction formula of thick plate, considering the influence of initial deformation and geometric nonlinearity of thin plate, this paper deduces the stress magnification factor formula at the weld toe of T-shaped and cruciform specimens. The accuracy of the revised formula is further verified by comparing the notch stress calculated by the modified formula with the FE results. Finally, the modified formula is applied to the notch stress and fatigue evaluation of typical thin plate welded joints respectively. The results show that the proposed notch stress calculation formula can fully consider the stress amplification effect of thin plate structure, and can be used to quickly evaluate the notch stress field and fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints.     

焊接诱导的残余应力对加劲板轴向极限强度影响的简化模型研究（英文）

The present work investigates the compressive axial ultimate strength of fillet-welded steel-plated ship structures subjected to uniaxial compression, in which the residual stresses in the welded plates are calculated by a thermo-elasto-plastic finite element analysis that is used to fit an idealized model of residual stress distribution. The numerical results of ultimate strength based on the simplified model of residual stress show good agreement with those of various methods including the International Association of Classification Societies(IACS) Common Structural Rules(CSR), leading to the conclusion that the simplified model can be effectively used to represent the distribution of residual stresses in steel-plated structures in a wide range of engineering applications. It is concluded that the widths of the tension zones in the welded plates have a quasi-linear behavior with respect to the plate slenderness. The effect of residual stress on the axial strength of the stiffened plate is analyzed and discussed.