上海外环沉管隧道设计(九)--防水设计

主要阐述沉管隧道的主要防水设计思想与方法,包括管段混凝土结构自防水的要求、管段外防水层的应用研究、管段接缝防水设计、管段接头GINA止水带和OMEGA止水带构造形式的选择与细部设计的改进、管段接头拉索防腐蚀设计、岸边段与管段接头密封用弹性阻浆带的设计等内容,以供有关设计人员参考。     

越江沉管隧道管段及接头防水

文章阐述了对沉管隧道接头防水和管段本体防水应各自具有双重防水性能的有关技术以及外防水结构形式的一些看法,并对GINA外止水带的几种不同形式提出了个人观点,可供国内同行们参考.     

沉管隧道国产化GINA止水带试验研究及选型设计

GINA止水带是沉管隧道的防水生命线。文章以襄阳汉江沉管隧道为背景,通过足尺物理模型试验对国产化GINA止水带在各不利工况下的压缩、水密性、应力松弛等性能开展研究,并结合试验数据进行选型设计。结果表明:(1)止水带压缩应力随时间增加而逐渐减小,并逐渐趋于稳定收敛,国产止水带产品100年平均应力松弛衰减率约为35%;(2)止水带压缩量随压缩力增大逐渐趋于止水带高度60%这一极限值,设计允许的接头偏转量将降低止水带压应力4.4%～9.2%;(3)国产止水带产品最小水密压缩量曲线趋势与某国外产品基本吻合,偏差量约0～15%;0.1°和0.22°接头偏转使所需最小水密压缩量略增;接头竖向错动1 cm,3 cm和5 cm,水平错动5 cm均未出现漏水,不影响止水带水密性能;(4)止水带设计需考虑正常使用和承载能力极限状态管节温差变化、混凝土干缩徐变、基础不均匀沉降、地震等引起的接头张合,需满足最小水密和最大压缩指标双控要求;(5)国产GINA止水带各项性能均可满足依托工程需求并具有一定安全余量。     

从仑头-生物岛沉管隧道浅谈混凝土管段的防水设计

沉管法修建隧道是我国20世纪末新发展起来的一种修建水底隧道的工法,具有埋深浅、施工工期短等特点。由于目前国内沉管法施工的水底隧道数量少,因此我国现行地下工程防水技术规范未将沉管管段的防水内容列入,新建沉管隧道防水的设计和施工只能借鉴类似工程的防水。通过仑头-生物岛隧道沉管段的防水设计,结合国内已建成的沉管隧道,探讨沉管隧道混凝土管段的防水设计,为今后的沉管隧道工程防水设计和施工提供参考。     

沈家门港海底沉管隧道设计介绍

沉管法是修建水下隧道的一种先进施工方法,其设计需考虑结构、施工工艺、水文地质条件、运营等众多因素的影响。针对隧道工程和水文地质、沉管结构、管段沉放水流阻力等条件,以及系缆柱、接头防水、最终接头、工程耐久性等措施,对沈家门港海底沉管隧道工程的设计进行了分析。分析结果表明:沉管管段既要满足结构力学要求,又要满足施工中起浮运输及运营期抗浮、稳定性、耐久性要求,综合考虑各种因素才能设计出符合要求的沉管隧道结构。     

长大深埋节段式沉管隧道节段接头构造方案比选

文章以长大深埋节段式沉管隧道工程为背景,根据不同的防水体系及剪力键布置形式,提出并探讨了六种可行的节段接头构造方案,经设计、施工及运营养护等方面的综合比选,认为"内侧(背水侧)OMEGA止水带+中埋可注浆式止水带双道防水系统/外侧(迎水侧)剪力键"的节段接头构造方案更具有优势。在实际工程应用中应根据具体工程情况予以选用。     

沉管隧道技术的应用与现状分析

文章回顾了沉管隧道技术的发展历程和国内外的应用概况;并对越江隧道工程中采用的不同施工方法、隧道与桥梁方案的比较以及沉管隧道设计和施工过程中的地基处理、管段浮运与沉放和管段防水等关键技术进行了分析和论述;最后,介绍了沉管技术在国内的应用情况,分析了沉管隧道的应用前景,并指出随着地下空间的开发利用,沉管隧道因其独特的优越性必将会越来越受到青睐。     

上海外环沉管隧道设计(十一) --管段接头设计

介绍上海外环沉管隧道管段间柔性接头构造特点以及最终接头的设计思路和方法,重点对管段接头预应力钢拉索的设计、试验和安装方法进行论述,希望能为今后同类型隧道的设计施工提供有益的借鉴。     

大型沉管隧道管节接头刚度特性研究

沉管隧道管节接头具有调节沉管隧道受力性能以及适应隧道不均匀变形的功能,在隧道运营中起着非常重要的作用。文章以港珠澳沉管隧道管节接头为研究对象,建立了管节接头刚度的三维非线性有限元计算模型,对管节接头的受力变形特征进行了分析,分别得到了管节接头轴向压缩刚度、弯曲刚度与轴向压缩荷载、压缩弯矩之间的变化规律。结果表明:轴向压缩刚度随轴向压缩荷载增大而增大;轴向弯曲刚度随轴向荷载增大而增大,但在相同轴压下,弯曲刚度随弯矩增大而减小。此外,结合管节接头模型试验进一步研究了管节接头轴向压缩刚度和弯曲刚度的变化规律及影响因素,并对比分析了有限元计算结果与模型试验结果,模型试验得出的接头刚度变化规律与有限元模拟结果一致。研究得到的管节刚度对沉管隧道整体计算研究具有重要参考意义。     

隧道施工缝背贴式止水带防水技术若干改进

文章针对隧道衬砌施工缝既有背贴式止水带存在的问题,对施工缝背贴式止水带防水技术尝试了以下改进:(1)将横断面设计为梯形,使两翼能稳定深入衬砌混凝土内部,保持翼缘两侧有足够大的空间充填混凝土,从而为止水带周围密实创造条件;(2)在迎水面设置了排水孔,排水孔上覆有滤水土工布,排水孔下端与隧道排水体系相通,该排水孔给背贴式止水带赋予了排水功能;(3)通过人工假顶使背贴式止水带在洞顶成为准中埋式止水带,从而解决背贴式止水带在洞顶其周围不密实的问题;(4)通过在衬砌基础埋管留槽,安装止水带时将其两端插入槽内并接通排水管,可实现止水带无中间接头、整条一次安装,避免止水带中间接头渗漏水.     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.