The Organization of Nautical Training and Executive Leadership

The aim of this paper is to indicate some of the distinctive problems of executive leadership which surround the control of authority in merchant navy training schools in the United Satates, Great Britain, and Spain. On the basis of extensive field interviews with the staff and directors of two American, three British, and two Spanish, schools, our purpose is to suggest the conditions which give rise to the need for particular kinds of leadership styles, depending upon the manner by which nautical education is organized [1]. More specfi-cally, our thesis is that their organizationl chartering arrangements (defined as contractual and quasi-contractual linkages with variious third parties to nautical education) mandate specific kinds of internal structural patterns within nautical schools which, in turn, produce the need for different styles of executive leadership.     

Nautical training systems and the occupational behaviour of seamen: the Israeli experience

One of the most serious and persisting problems confronting the shipping companies of all the developed maritime nations is the retention of seafarers who will yield long periods of service at sea. Turnover and wastage involves considerable expenses in recruiting and training of new seafarers. One of the means for the recruitment and retention of seafarers is the vocational nautical school system. In contrast to general education, where the objectives are diffuse, vocational institutions have very specific functions. Their achievements are therefore generally measured by means of the relative number of graduates who enter and remain in the industry for which they were trained. The present study examines the problem of the commitment to the maritime occupation of graduates of nautical schools in Israel in recent years, and it attempts to evaluate nautical education by examining the proportion of graduates who actually entered the maritime occupation and the extent of their stability at sea. No attempt is made to evaluate the economic efficiency of the nautical training system.     

适航水深在连云港港口的初步应用

根据连云港港口回淤的现状，概述适航水深在连云港港口应用的必要性，通过适航水深的研究及初步应用，进一步提出适泊水深的观点。同时，为保证适航水深在连云港港口安全合理地应用，初步拟定《连云港港口适航水深应用执行程序》。     

在航海教育中增强学员海洋防污染意识的若干思考

船舶污染对海洋环境以及海洋经济会造成严重后果，在航海院校中加强海洋防污染教育已显得越来越重要。文章就船舶对海洋造成的污染进行了综合论述，详细介绍了船舶污染的种类及其特征并提出在航海教育中增强学员海洋防污染意识的两点建议。     

海员避碰行动各指标相关性的多元回归分析

在获取大量海员避碰行动样本的基础上，通过建立多元线性回归的数学模型，分析了转向时机、转向幅度、目标船舷角、会遇两船的船速比等4个指标与目标船最后通过距离之间的相关性大小，结论对海员避碰行动决策有一定的参考价值。由于样本是在对海员进行航海模拟器训练中获得的，从而说明了用航海模拟器来研究避碰行为的可行性以及STCW公约强化模拟器训练的必要性。     

连云港港适航淤泥重度取值研究

适航淤泥重度的取值是港口适航资源与适航水深应用技术的关键。以连云港港为例,通过对连云港港底质淤泥进行现场采样分析,分别开展了淤泥流变性试验、船舶模型阻力试验与层流-紊流流态转换理论分析,对于适航资源应用最重要的参数——适航淤泥重度的取值进行分析总结,得出连云港港适航淤泥重度的取值结果,并提出了取值建议。     

STCW78/10公约对航海技术专业人才培养的影响及对策

在概述STCW78/10公约对航海技术专业人才培养产生较大影响的基础上,本文介绍了我国履约的准备情况,提出航海技术专业人才培养应从培养模式、培养途径、培养规格、课程体系和教学手段与方法五个方面进行调整和改革的措施,以应对公约修改对航海人才培养的影响.     

走航式适航水深测量误差来源及准确度检测

走航式适航水深测量是目前港口工程测量提出的新课题,对其测量精度的评定和准确度的检验尤为重要。从两个方面论述了适航水深测量误差来源及消除或削弱方法,给出了精度估算公式,并进行了测量精度估算,给出了适航水深测量的检测方法。     

Analysis of students’ perceptions of seafaring career in China based on artificial neural network and genetic programming

Research indicates that the worldwide shortage of qualified seafarers has been due to the rapidly increasing world merchant fleet on the one hand and the difficulty of attracting and retaining people in the industry on the other. The paper argues that in the context of the Chinese shipping industry, the high “wastage” is one of the major contributors to the shortage. The aims of the research are to examine the motives of students studying nautical courses; identify the key factors affecting nautical students to choose seafaring career, and to predict students’ career choice behavior. The research finds that (a) those who had a clear sense of their future career when enrolled in the nautical studies tend to choose a seafaring career and remain active for a longer period of time; (b) high wage is the most important factor affecting students’ decisions to choose seafaring as a career; (c) prolonged separation from family, job opportunities ashore, and concern about children’s growth and education are among the top three factors for students not to choose a seafaring career or to quit it early; and (d) nautical students’ career choice behaviors can be predicted through the use of artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic programming (GP) with five rules being generated. This novel methodological approach, a combination of ANN and GP, has been proven to be effective in analyzing complex variables and in generating rules.     

航海模拟器的现状与展望

该文根据世界各海运国家现有航海模拟器的现状和它们教学培训中的实际使用情况，以及新修订的１９７８年国际海员培训、发证和值班标准公约中有关航海模拟器教学培训的要求，简要地介绍了航海模拟器的现状及其在教学培训中的应用，并就航海模拟器在日后的发展及其在教学培训中的新应用作了展望。同时还就如何改进和发展我国航海模拟器及相应的教学培训工作，使其适应国内外海运事业发展的需要提出了几点设想。     

The impact of ship size on ports’ nautical costs

ABSTRACT

Much is known about transport costs at sea and costs made at terminals in ports. About costs, made by ports to provide nautical facilities (incl. infrastructure) and services, not much research is done yet. This paper estimates the impact of increasing ship sizes on costs made by the Port Authority of Amsterdam when providing nautical facilities and services by using hedonic pricing techniques. We have rather unique data on ship’s sizes and harbour dues paid per ship for over 25 years for ships that visited the Port of Amsterdam. Harbour dues paid are used as a proxy for the costs of nautical facilities and services. We have found nearly constant returns to scale, when volume is used as a measure of a ships’ size. An increase in average ship size with 1,000 tonnes deadweight will result in approximately €2 million additional yearly costs (an increase of the average ship size of six percent results in an increase of nautical costs with nearly the same percentage). Our results can be used by Port Authorities and port operators (in case of landlord ports) to estimate costs to be made for providing nautical facilities and services in the near future.     

高职教育课堂教学设计的两个误区

高职教育是我国高等教育的重要组成部分,课堂教学设计的优劣严重的影响高职教育的教学效果。在日常课堂教学中存在着将课堂教学程序替代课堂教学设计,忽视或难以准确进行学习需要分析等两种错误现象,如不正确予以分析更正,必将导致我国高等职业教育走向歧路。     

英国网络版“航海图书目录”的结构与应用

计算机和互联网络技术的发展逐渐改变着航海出版物的出版形式和内容,怎样有效使用网络出版物为航海实际服务是应该解决的问题。本文分析了英国最近推出的网络版航海图书目录的结构,结合该出版物的书面印刷形式的使用惯例,探讨了使用该出版物的方法和局限性。     

数字海图的生产与版权保护

数字海图、航海功能软件和计算机设备组成的电子海图显示与信息系统（ECDIS），将成为保障航海安全的主要工具。目前数字海图生产正不断完善和发展。此文结合我国目前数字海图生产的基本情况，介绍了数字海图生产流程，并对利用数字水印技术解决数字海图版权保护问题的方法进行了研究。     

英美航海图书服务的现状分析

航海图书是船舶海上航行安全的重要保障资料。随着航海业的发展以及海洋活动的增加,航海图书的服务所处的地位越发重要。英、美等国家所采用的航海图书服务管理机制效率较高,代表了当今国际流行的趋势。介绍并分析了英、美等国家航海图书服务的特点,得出对我国航海图书服务的启示。     

淤泥质港口航道适航密度确定方法的改进

根据浮泥层中船舶航行时船体边壁带动附近浮泥作剪切流动的物理过程与浮泥在缓坡上的重力流之间的相似性,提出以船体边壁附近浮泥层流态转换条件来定义适航密度,以避免现行方法的不确定性,并提出了相应的计算方法。计算表明,适航密度与航行速度和浮泥层厚度有关。在通常航速和0.5~1.5 m浮泥层厚度条件下连云港航道的适航密度约为1.25~1.35g/cm~3。     

淤泥质港口航道适航密度确定方法的改进

根据浮泥层中船舶航行时船体边壁带动附近浮泥作剪切流动的物理过程与浮泥在缓坡上的重力流之间的相似性,提出以船体边壁附近浮泥层流态转换条件来定义适航密度,以避免现行方法的不确定性,并提出了相应的计算方法.计算表明,适航密度与航行速度和浮泥层厚度有关.在通常航速和0.5~1.5 m浮泥层厚度条件下连云港航道的适航密度约为1.25~1.35 g/cm3.     

最小二乘平差在纸海图矢量化过程中的应用

在矢量化纸海图时,由于基准点的采样误差,导致转换参数的误差,最终导致电子海图的空间对象的精度不高。本文应用最小二乘法对基准点的采样误差实施平差,提高转换参数的精度,最终可较大幅度地提高电子海图中空间对象的精度     

广州港南沙港区港池适航水深综合论证研究

文章采用现场实测底质以及浮泥密度和高低频水深测量资料对比分析、港池回淤泥沙流变试验和船模阻力试验等方法,对广州港南沙港区一期、二期港池的泥沙特征、港区浮泥分布及适航水深重度值进行了论证研究,为指导南沙港区适航水深资源利用提供了具有实际工程应用价值的资料依据。     

基于就业导向下的航海本科英语教学改进建议

为了提高航海专业本科学生就业竞争力,在分析学生就业形势变化的基础上,指出航海英语教学改革是提高学生就业竞争力的有效途径,并提出航海英语本科教学的改进建议。