整车多轮动载作用下沥青路面动力响应

车辆荷载作用下沥青路面各结构层受力复杂，现行公路沥青路面设计规范未能考虑车辆振动特性和橡胶轮胎非线性。为研究整车多轮动载作用下沥青路面动力响应，基于车辆动力学、橡胶材料超弹性及沥青路面黏弹性理论，构建整车-橡胶轮胎-沥青路面三维有限元模型，与实际车-路现场测量比较验证本模型的可靠性，对比分析无路面不平度与B级路面不平度激励下，路面各结构层动力响应。结果表明：通过与实际车-路测量结果比较，沥青层底部纵向最大剪应变与实测值误差为5.889%，表明该车-路动力学模型可靠、合理；B级路面不平度激励下，后轴左单轮接地法向力为0~86.526 kN，车体法向振动加速度为-0.451~0.372 m·s^-2，后轴左悬架弹力为60.376~68.42 kN；与无路面不平度相比，后轴左单轮最大接地法向力、车体最大法向加速度、后轴左悬架最大弹力分别增加113%、402.7%、7.4%；与无路面不平度相比，沥青路面上、中、下面层纵向最大压应力分别增加18.91%、12.4%、21.1%，纵向最大拉应力分别增加3.94%、6.25%、33.3%；横向最大压应力分别增加10.43%、8.47%、9.19%，横向最大拉应力分别增加12.19%、13.08%、33.33%，且压应力数值远大于拉应力；竖向最大压应力分别增加19.1%、19.35%、20.07%，竖向最大拉应力分别增加26.93%、7.38%、6.2%，且前轮压应力大于中、后轮压应力。以上数据说明路面不平度对结构层响应影响较大，车辆振动特性及橡胶轮胎与路面非线性接触不容忽略。     

AGV在BEV汽车后桥装配线中的应用设计

近年来汽车产品更新换代快,订单化生产、多车型混线生产等趋势已成主流,汽车后桥部件装配生产线也要适应柔性化生产需要。AGV组成的生产装配线具有柔性化、快速布置、方便更改工位和工艺等优点。文章以某一线汽车品牌新能源BEV车型的后桥装配线为例,阐述AGV是如何组建新能源汽车后桥装配的柔性生产线。     

多工况下汽车驱动桥桥壳静力学有限元分析

根据汽车所受的典型载荷工况来分析汽车驱动桥桥壳在静载荷作用下的变形及应力问题。首先建立垂向载荷工况、纵向载荷工况、侧向载荷工况的模型,并用汽车理论相关知识对其进行分析,然后利用CATIA建立汽车驱动桥三维实体模型并导入到ANSYS Workbench中。最后对桥壳进行有限元分析并得出桥壳在各个工况下的最大位移和最大应力。分析结果表明,该研究对驱动桥的设计具有一定参考价值。     

Minimizing the Path Radius of Curvature for Collision Avoidance

Purpose of this article was to especially emphasize the contribution of tires nonuniformity radial and lateral force variation to vehicles vibrations, within developed nonlinear dynamic model of a vehicle. The tire nonuniformity force variations are introduced in simulations processes by radial and lateral dynamic forces in the area of wheels-road contact. The limits of admissible Peak - to - Peak radial and lateral force variation and Peak - to - Peak first harmonic radial and lateral force variation nonuniformity were defined by using a vehicle vibratory model. The tire nonuniformity parameters were defined from the aspect of vertical seat cushion and the steering wheel rim vibrations using the developed optimization program and the Pentium 90 MHz computer.     

The Definition of the Tires Limit of Admissible Nonuniformity by Using the Vehicle Vibratory Model

Purpose of this article was to especially emphasize the contribution of tires nonuniformity radial and lateral force variation to vehicles vibrations, within developed nonlinear dynamic model of a vehicle. The tire nonuniformity force variations are introduced in simulations processes by radial and lateral dynamic forces in the area of wheels-road contact. The limits of admissible Peak - to - Peak radial and lateral force variation and Peak - to - Peak first harmonic radial and lateral force variation nonuniformity were defined by using a vehicle vibratory model. The tire nonuniformity parameters were defined from the aspect of vertical seat cushion and the steering wheel rim vibrations using the developed optimization program and the Pentium 90 MHz computer.     

基于车架虚拟中心线的车桥车架测量方法

文章通过将前后车桥左右纵向支架中点连线作为车架虚拟中心线,统一了车架、前桥、后桥的测量基准,消除了车架变形和制作误差引起的数据偏差。     

Lane-keeping benefits of practical rear axle steer

The classic two-degree-of-freedom yaw-plane or ‘bicycle’ vehicle model is augmented with two additional states to describe lane-keeping behaviour and further augmented with an additional control input to steer the rear axle. A simple driver model is hypothesised where the driver closes a loop on a projected lateral lane position. The driver can select the preview distance to compensate driver/vehicle dynamics, consistent with the ‘cross-over’ model found in the literature. A rear axle steer control law is found to be a function of the front axle steering input and vehicle speed that exhibits stability similar to a positive-real system, while at the same time improving the ability of the driver/vehicle system to track a complex curved lane and improving steady-state manoeuvrability. The theoretically derived control law bears similarity to practical embodiments allowing a deeper understanding of the functional value of steering a rear axle.     

多轴移动荷载下沥青路面的动态响应特性

为分析多轴移动荷载下沥青路面的动态响应特性,通过现场调查建立了不同轴型作用下沥青路面的三维有限元模型,分别研究了单后轴、双后轴及三后轴轴载均匀分布、三后轴车轴载不均匀分布及三后轴车前轴悬空条件下对路面的影响。结果表明:多轴车轴距大于3 m时,各轴对路面的作用相互独立,轴数的增加对路面竖向位移产生叠加作用,对路表最大剪应力及压应力影响不明显;三后轴车中轴对路面竖向位移作用最大,较前轴及后轴分别增大23.7%和18.2%,中轴及后轴对路表剪应力有一定影响,而各轴对路表最大压应力基本没有影响。研究结果显示多轴车轴载不均匀分布对路面破坏会产生较大影响。     

声传递向量法在汽车驱动桥声辐射中的应用

为了分析和控制汽车动力传动系统的辐射噪声,应用声传递向量法对动力传动系统进行结构声辐射仿真研究.以汽车驱动桥为例,运用声传递向量仿真算法,计算得到驱动桥壳体表面辐射声压级、外场域点声压级等声学响应,并且在研制的汽车驱动桥性能试验台上进行试验.结果表明:仿真结果与试验结果吻合良好,声传递向量法在进行汽车动力传动系统声振分析时具有很高的可信度和良好的识别能力,是汽车产品设计过程中适用于结构声振分析的可靠仿真方法.     

T-car后桥台架疲劳试验研究

采用台架疲劳试验模拟了T-car后桥在道路试验中的受力状态。通过对T-car后桥进行的总成扭转试验、总成单侧侧向力试验和总成单侧纵向力试验,测得了各测点在疲劳循环中的应变幅、主应变幅度,并采用Coffin-M anson公式估算了寿命。试验表明,台架疲劳试验能反映路试时的疲劳损伤,根据T-car后桥用钢的应变疲劳性能估算得到的疲劳寿命与实际路试结果相符。     

汽车后桥噪声的分析与试验研究

本文对ＪＨＣ６４００型汽车后桥的噪声功率，表面声强，表面声压，表面振速及相应的频谱等进行了全面，系统的测量与分析，研究结果表明：后桥噪声能量主要分布在中心频率为０．８－２ｋＨｚ的频带内，它由桥体和桥盖的表面噪声构成，后桥噪声产生的根本原因是，后桥齿轮副在运转中产生的冲击与振动；噪声产生的直接原因是后桥表面的振动，所以后桥噪声的治理应在上述频带内以振动控制为主，以振动传递的路径和发声体做为主要研究对     

Independent Suspension, Self Steered Axle, and 4WS for Busses

The dynamic behavior of commercial vehicles fitted with differentr types of suspension mechanisms and steering devices is investigated in this paper. Six vehicle models have been constructed: 2WS-SA is a standard two wheel steering bus with solid axles; 2WS-DW is a 2WSA vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in front and rear axles; SSA-SA is a 2WS system with solid axles, the rear one being mounted on a self steered mechanism; SSA-DW is a vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in the front axle, and a solid self steered rear axle; 4WS-SA has four wheel steering with solid axles; and 4WS-DW is a 4WS vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in front and rear axles. The dynamic response of these models has been assessed in terms of lateral acceleration, yaw velocity, tire forces, tire force reserves, and slip angles. The expected advantages of a 4WS system (higher acceleration rates and lower slip angles) will be corroborated but, at the same time, it will be shown that they are obtained at the cost of lower force reserves. Self steered mechanisms produce smaller body slip angles, but it will be shown that they give rise to larger yaw velocity overshootings. The particular independent suspension analyzed does not show significant improvements with respect to the solid axle counterpart.     

扭转梁后桥性能仿真优化及试验分析

扭转梁后桥开发过程中,须按照从整车技术要求分解出的零部件技术规范进行设计,并借助CAE优化技术对零部件各性能进行优化。本文主要针对某型扭转梁后桥侧向力耐久疲劳和减振器力耐久疲劳工况进行优化分析,结构优化后耐久疲劳寿命提高。实物样件台架验证结果与优化仿真分析结果基本一致。     

空间缆索自锚式悬索桥动力特性及刚度影响规律

空间缆索自锚式悬索桥的主缆直接锚固在加劲梁上,同时由于主缆的空间特性,与地锚式悬索桥及传统平面索相比,其动力性能存在很大的差异.针对青岛海湾大桥大沽河航道桥建立非线性空间有限元模型,对其动力特性及结构刚度影响规律进行了分析.结果表明,该桥振型基本合理,具有密布的频谱;作为自锚式悬索桥其整体刚度较低,固有周期较长;单柱式桥塔的横向刚度较弱,横向振动出现较早;另外,由于缆索横向间距较小,刚度较小,前10阶振型中有5阶索振.各振型受结构刚度的影响不同,主缆刚度主要影响悬索桥的1阶竖弯及扭转,加劲梁竖向刚度对加劲梁1阶竖弯及加劲梁扭转振型影响较大,横向刚度主要影响悬索桥的加劲梁横向振型,扭转刚度主要影响悬索桥的1阶扭转振型;主塔纵向刚度主要影响悬索桥的纵飘振型;横向刚度主要影响索塔的1阶横向振型.     

电动客车稳态转向特性仿真研究

利用虚拟样机分析软件ADAMS建立了整车多体动力学模型,并进行了仿真分析。研究了由电池布置带来的前后轴载荷变化(整车质心位置变化)和横向稳定杆对转向性能的影响。结果显示,整车在空载和满载时均为不足转向;后轴载荷比例增加对稳态转向不利;加装横向稳定杆可以大大改善车厢侧倾,对稳态转向有一定改善。     

Simulation of the vertical bending fatigue test of a five-link rear axle housing

This study seeks a practical method for simulating the vertical bending fatigue test of the BANJO housing of a five-link rear axle. Linear static and transient dynamic finite element models are constructed for the rear axle in which the rubber bushings and the bearings of the axle shafts are reasonably modeled with solid and shell elements, respectively, for simplicity. The calculated results are compared with the measured strain histories, and the results indicate that the finite element models constructed are reasonable. The hypothesis of equal fatigue damage is applied to determine the Hainan proving ground driving life prediction that is equivalent to the constant amplitude fatigue life in the vertical bending fatigue test.     

基于FEMFAT的扭转梁式后桥疲劳强度研究

针对某新车型上扭转梁式后桥弯曲疲劳试验不合格的情况,对该零件疲劳寿命的各影响因素进行分析和研究,利用FEMFAT进行疲劳强度模拟分析,提出改进方案。通过调整结构局部形状及合理选择材料,完全可以使零件满足弯曲疲劳试验的技术要求,经过对改进样件的试验验证,改进后的扭转梁式后桥在弯曲疲劳试验中的寿命比改进前提高近200%。     

基于ABAQUS的某商用车后桥系统强度耐久性能仿真研究

文章基于有限元法,采用ABAQUS软件,对某商用车后桥系统进行了CAE强度分析,超载30%工况强度分析、扭转耐久、垂直弯曲耐久、转弯弯曲台架三工况CAE疲劳耐久分析,分析结果显示,后桥系统强度和耐久性能满足设计目标。     

轿车后桥加工中的残余应力研究

分别对轿车后桥横梁鞍形加强筋焊缝头部附近在冲压与焊接后的残余应力进行了测试，分析了残余应力分布与变化情况。研究结果表明，横梁中的冲压残余拉应力在焊接后变小，对焊接后的后桥中残余应力分布是有利的；后桥横梁鞍形加强筋焊缝头部的残余拉应力最大，可导致此处发生疲劳损伤。     

The Steering Characteristics of Multiple Axle Bogie Systems

Legislation limits the load that may be transferred to the roadway by the axies of a commercial vehicle and this has resulted in the development of multi axle bogies for both the tractor and trailer units of articulated vehicles and at the rear of rigid vehicles, some of these bogies contain self steering or articulation steered axles

Experience shows that the tyre wear characteristics of multi axle bogies may be unsatisfactory. The paper analyses the role of such bogies in the context of vehicle handling and shows how the lateral tyre forces vary between the axles. An hypotheses relating the forces in a steady state turn to wear is given. The analysis may also be applied to the general case of vehicle handling.