车用小型高速直喷式柴油机的开发与应用

根据国内外在小型直喷式车用柴油机研制方面的最新资料。分析了小型直喷式柴油机的主要特点、技术现状及发展趋势，预测今后若干年内直喷式燃烧系统将在轿车及小化车用柴油机上得到广泛应用甚至逐步取代分隔式燃烧系统。     

直喷式柴油机燃烧过程数值模拟研究

本文通过对直喷式柴油机燃烧过程的研究，提出了基于不同尺寸的单油滴蒸发、热力学和排放等子模型建立的直喷式柴油机燃烧过程的双区计算模型。文中给出的计算值与实验值的比较，证明了该模型的可行性和实用性。     

面向21世纪的高速重载直喷式柴油机的新技术

根据国外最新资料综述面向21世纪的高速重载直喷式柴油机的新技术，此外也对近年来提出的柴油机新概念燃烧模型和燃烧方式予以评述。     

柴油机喷雾燃烧过程的高速摄影及图像处理技术

介绍用于直喷式柴油机燃烧过程研究的高速摄影及图像处理技术，这一技术揭示了柴油机油气混合过程和碳粒形成－氧化之间的内在联系，从而更加全面反映了柴油机的整个燃烧过程，为深化对柴油机燃烧过程的认识提供了可靠工具。     

缸内直喷式汽油机工作过程三维数值模拟

将一台柴油机改装为缸内直喷式汽油机,采用KIVA-Ⅱ软件时缸内直喷式汽油机的两个典型工况(分层燃烧和均质预混合燃烧)的燃烧过程进行了三维数值模拟。计算结果表明,采用分层燃烧和均质预混合燃烧具有不同的火焰传播方式和特点。     

直喷式柴油机喷油速率的调节

在直喷式柴油机中,双弹簧喷油器已得到发展,它有利于降低怠速及轻负荷、低转速条件下的燃烧噪声。然而,一旦双弹簧喷油器进入第二级升程阶段工作,燃烧噪声便迅速增加。在实验室里对两台小型高速直喷式柴油机进行了采用两种预喷射装置的试验。其结果是在很宽的转速范围内,均使燃烧噪声降低。当安装在车辆上运行时,这两种预喷射装置对降低车辆的“加速噪声”特别有效,而“加速噪声”在装有高速直喷式柴油机的车辆中是非常突出的。     

燃料喷射率对直喷式柴油机燃烧和排放的影响

燃料喷射率分布是降低直喷式柴油机有害物排放的重要因素。文中通过试验研究。阐述引燃喷射和喷射率对直喷式柴油机燃烧与排放的影响。说明抑制初期燃油喷射率和提高后期燃油喷射率是降低ＮＯｘ及烟尘排放的重要途径。     

车用柴油机加速工况时喷油与燃烧特性的研究

通过柴油机工作过程测量分析系统对一台直喷式车用柴油机加速时的喷油和燃烧过程进行了试验研究和计算,并计算了其加速过程中的总声压级;利用油滴蒸发准维燃烧模型对柴油机加速过程NOx 排放进行了模拟计算。研究结果表明,柴油机喷油和燃烧特性参数的综合效果对NOx排放值产生影响;柴油机加速时的燃烧噪声大于标定工况,加速工况时的NOx 排放浓度值变化较大,有时大于标定工况。     

柴油机先进技术简介

直喷式燃烧系统直喷式燃烧系统的喷油器安装在气缸内,燃油直接喷射到气缸内。因此,其混合气形成好,燃烧完全,但安装要求高,制造工艺较复杂。现代直喷式柴油机可以以4000～5000转/分钟的高速运行,完全满足从重、中、轻型载货车到轿车的配套需要。单缸四气门结构四气门结构可增大     

奥迪直喷式增压柴油机的研制过程(Ⅱ)

<正> 通过对采用不同燃烧室方案时的燃烧特性比较,确定了直喷式多流方案。奥迪5缸直列直喷式增压柴油机就是在上述研究成果的基础上发展起来的。 四、奥迪5缸柴油机的结构特点 与整机电控管理 1.发动机整机性能及零部件特点     

进气道喷射过氧化氢对直喷式柴油机排放的影响

分析了过氧化氢(H2O2)参与柴油机燃烧的过程,对降低柴油机排放的机理及H2O2的化学及物理特性进行了分析,建立了H2O2影响内燃机燃烧过程的机理模型。在单缸直喷柴油机上采用单点电喷技术向进气道内喷射H2O2,对降低柴油机排放效果进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,在进气道内喷射H2O2可显著改善发动机的燃烧,可以同时降低NOx排放和燃油消耗率,且烟度变化不大。     

EGR对柴油机TR燃烧系统性能影响的试验研究

重点研究冷却EGR对柴油机TR系统的燃烧和排放性能影响,并在一台4气门单缸135柴油机上进行试验研究。研究结果表明,EGR能有效降低NOx排放,但同时发动机的烟度排放有一定幅度的上升。     

大功率直喷式柴油机缸内紊流研究现状与发展

综合介绍了近几年来大功率直喷式柴油机技术发展现状 ,研究了这些新技术对缸内紊流的作用与影响 ,并根据缸内紊流的产生及其特性指出 ,大功率直喷式柴油机应以高压喷射为主 ,利用适当的缸内紊流运动并结合合理的燃烧室结构是获得优越性能的关键。     

Evaluation and visualization of stratified ultra-lean combustion characteristics in a spray-guided type gasoline direct-injection engine

To comply with reinforced emission regulations for harmful exhaust gases, including carbon dioxide (CO₂) emitted as a greenhouse gas, improved technologies for reducing CO₂ and fuel consumption are being developed. Stable lean combustion, which has the advantage of improved fuel economy and reduced emission levels, can be achieved using a sprayguided-type direct-injection (DI) combustion system. The system comprises a centrally mounted injector and closely positioned spark plugs, which ensure the combustion reliability of a stratified mixture under ultra-lean conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate the combustion and emission characteristics of a lean-burn gasoline DI engine. At an excess air ratio of 4.0, approximately 23% improvement in fuel economy was achieved through optimal event timing, which was delayed for injection and advanced for ignition, compared to that under stoichiometric conditions, while NO_x and HC emissions increased. The combustion characteristics of a stratified mixture in a spray-guided-type DI system were similar to those in DI diesel engines, resulting in smoke generation and difficulty in three-way catalystutilization. Although a different operating strategy might decrease fuel consumption, it will not be helpful in reducing NO_x and smoke emissions; therefore, alternatives should be pursued to achieve compliance with emission regulations.     

Effects of diesel fuel characteristics on spray and combustion in a diesel engine

Fuel properties play a dominant role in the spray, mixture formation and combustion process, and are a key to emission control and efficiency optimization. This paper deals with the influence of the fuel properties on the spray and combustion characteristics in a high-pressure and temperature chamber. Light diesel fuel spray and combustion images were taken by using a high-speed video camera and analyzed by their penetration and evaporation characteristics in comparison with current diesel fuel. Then, a single-cylinder DI engine was used to investigate combustion and exhaust characteristics. The mixture formation of the light diesel fuel is faster than that of the current fuel depending on physical properties like boiling point, density, viscosity and surface tension. Engine test results show that smoke is reduced without an increase in other emissions.     

Predicting auto-ignition characteristics of RCCI combustion using a multi-zone model

The objective of new combustion concepts is to meet emission standards by improving fuel air mixing prior to ignition. Since there is no overlap between injection and ignition, combustion is governed mainly by chemical kinetics and it is challenging to control the phasing of ignition. Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) combustion aims to control combustion phasing by altering the fuel ratios of the high- and low octane fuel and injection timings. In this study the dual fuel blend is prepared with gasoline and diesel fuels. The applied injection timings of the diesel are very early (90 to 60° CA bTDC). In the detailed reaction mechanism, n-heptane and iso-octane represent diesel and gasoline fuel, respectively. A multi-zone model approach is implemented to perform RCCI combustion simulation. Ignition characteristics are analyzed by using CA50 as the main parameter. In the experiments for the early direct injection (DI) timing advancing the injection time results in a later ignition. Qualitatively, the trend effect of the diesel injection timing and the effect of the ratio gasoline/diesel are captured accurately by the multi-zone model.     

Comprehensive experimental study on the effect of biodiesel/diesel blended fuel on common-rail di diesel engine technology

This research work aims to study the aspects of using biodiesel or FAME as a component blended in diesel fuel for common-rail DI engine technology. The specific engine experiments were designed for LD commercial engine [Toyota 2KD-FTV] to understand engine combustion process, engine performance and thermal efficiency when applying FAME blended fuel. In addition, the exhaust emission in HD diesel engine [HINO J08E] was evaluated by standard HD engine emission ESC and ELR test cycles. Furthermore, the severe 400-hour of HD engine durability tests for determining the limitation on using FAME blended fuel, have been conducted with B0, B10, B20 and B50. The result shows that using of FAME blended fuel in the HD common-rail DI engine, can be applied with some guidelines experimentally discovered by this research such as filter plugging that may occur when the content of biodiesel is up to 20 % or higher, and the critical fuel injector surface polishing wear, can be observed from B50 sample. In general, the higher biodiesel content will contribute to lower power output as well, thus too high biodiesel content will cause low engine power output.     

Influence of pilot injection on combustion characteristics and emissions in a DI diesel engine fueled with diesel and DME

This work experimentally investigates how the dwell time between pilot injection and main injection influences combustion and emissions characteristics (NOx, CO, THC and smoke) in a single-cylinder DI diesel engine. The experiments were conducted using two fuel injection systems according to the fuel type, diesel or dimethyl ether (DME), due to the different fuel characteristics. The injection strategy is accomplished by varying the dwell time (10°CA, 16°CA and 22°CA) between injections at five main injection timings (?4°CA aTDC, ?2°CA aTDC, 0°CA aTDC, 2°CA aTDC and 4°CA aTDC). Results from pilot-main injection conditions are compared with those shown in single injection conditions to better demonstrate the potential of pilot injection. It was found that pilot injection is highly effective for lowering heat-release rates with smooth pressure traces regardless of the fuel type. Pilot injection also offers high potential to maintain or increase the BMEP; even the combustion-timing is retarded to suppress the NOx emission formation. Overall, NOx emission formation was suppressed more by the combustion phasing retard effect, and not the pilot injection effect considered in this study. Comparison of the emissions for different fuel types shows that CO and HC emissions have low values below 100 ppm for DME operation in both single injection and pilot-main injection. However, NOx emission is slightly higher in the earlier main injection timings (?4°CA aTDC, ?2°CA aTDC) than diesel injections. Pilot injection was found to be more effective with DME for reducing the amount of NOx emission with combustion retardation, which indicates a level of NOx emission similar to that of diesel. Although the diesel pilot-main injection conditions show higher smoke emission than single-injection condition, DME has little smoke emission regardless of injection strategy.     

货车用柴油机超高喷射压力泵喷嘴的试验研究

本文介绍由Ｌｕｃａｓ公司研制的喷射压力达２００ＭＰａ的泵喷嘴的工作原理与特点，并将该喷射系统应用于一带模拟增压中冷的单缸发动机上的试验情况，其结果表明，高喷射压力的电控泵喷嘴与无涡流开式燃烧室相匹配时，可获得相当低的微粒与ＮＯＸ排放和低燃油消耗的性能，实现不需要排气后处理便能满足ＥＵＲＯⅡ的排放标准的要求。     

基于拟序火焰模型的柴油机燃烧过程数值模拟

在分析经典的涡耗散概念燃烧模型(Eddy Dissipation Concept Model)的基础上,着重介绍了3区拟序火焰模型(3 Zones Extended Coherent Flame Model,ECFM-3Z)机理,并对一台直喷式柴油机的单缸燃烧过程进行了数值模拟。通过模拟计算与试验结果的对比分析发现,计算所得的缸内压力、燃烧放热速率和排放生成物与试验结果吻合良好,表明所应用的燃烧模型更能真实地反映柴油机燃烧过程,并能较准确地预测排放物的生成。