半潜浮式风机的动力响应分析

OC4半潜浮式风机综合性能较好，但其浮式基础结构质量和结构复杂性使其建造成本高昂，而WindFloat半潜浮式风机浮式基础具有结构简单、建造成本低和减摇效果好等优点，但是适应水深较小且只适合特定海域。结合OC4和WindFloat半潜浮式风机浮式基础的结构特点，针对200 m水深环境设计OC4-WindFloat半潜浮式风机基础。基于叶素理论、莫里森公式和势流理论，通过有限元软件对OC4-WindFloat半潜浮式风机的固有周期及风浪联合作用下的动态响应进行耦合分析，并与OC4半潜浮式风机结果进行对比研究。结果显示，OC4-WindFloat半潜浮式风机固有周期及动态响应均满足相关规定，且具有比OC4更低的建造成本，相比WindFloat可适用更深的海域。研究结果对于浮式基础型式研究有一定的指导意义。     

水下浮式结构优化设计及力学特性试验

针对大长细比浮式结构水下工作时存在涡激振动、结构稳定性差、动态特性明显等问题,分析计算水下浮式结构力学特征、动力学特性,寻找解决减小水下浮式结构涡激振动效应的方法。同时采用物理模型试验方法验证研究成果的准确性。研究结果表明,采用合理导流板结构形式,可有效降低水下浮式结构涡激振动效应。该理论分析与仿真计算方法可有效应用于水下浮式结构优化设计。     

考虑浮体弹性变形的锚泊系统分析方法

传统的锚泊系统分析方法一般是假设结构物为刚性不可变形的,这种假设对于常规海洋结构物的锚泊系统分析,其精度是可以接受的,然而对于弹性体(比如超大型浮体)来说,这种浮体刚性的假设显然是不合理的.本文基于摄动理论,分别给出了锚泊浮体(同时包括弹性体和刚性体)和锚泊系统的一阶运动方程.分别用三维水弹性理论和Goodman-Iance法求解浮体的动力响应和锚泊线的运动,并给出了两者之间的协调关系.通过数值算例分析表明,对于超大型浮体,其弹性特性对锚泊系统特性的影响是不可忽略的.     

移动大型钢结构物的模块平板运输车对码头强夯地基的影响

近几年,在国内大型海洋工程结构物建造过程中,已逐步利用模块平板运输车来移动大型钢结构物.该技术具有操作简单、工作效率高、移动速度快和环境要求低等优点,但在大型结构物的移动过程中,模块平板运输车可能导致地基沉陷甚至破坏.结合国际镍矿项目大型结构物的移位过程,重点分析码头强夯地基的特性、模块平板运输车的结构及液压控制系统的...     

水下爆炸冲击波和气泡联合作用下结构响应数值分析

结构在水下爆炸作用下会产生严重的破坏,研究水下爆炸作用下结构的响应特征和规律,并为舰船抗冲击设计提供参考。首先验证了ABAQUS软件模拟结构受水下爆炸载荷作用弹塑性响应的有效性和准确性。然后应用ABAQUS软件计算不同工况水下爆炸载荷作用下结构的动态响应。从应变、应力等角度考察了水下爆炸载荷对结构动态响应的影响。计算结果表明气泡脉动压力是结构产生鞭状响应和整体破坏的主要因素。     

Experimental and numerical study on dynamic responses of floating bridge under the shielding effect of a floating platform

A floating bridge and a floating platform can serve as a transport channel between land and sea. They will interact with each other in the wave environment. In this paper, the dynamic response characteristics of a floating bridge under irregular waves and regular waves are studied by means of model tests and numerical calculations. The results of model test and numerical calculation based on potential flow theory are basically consistent and can be mutually verified. By comparing and analyzing the dynamic response results of the floating bridge under the condition of “with floating platform” and “without floating platform”, some conclusions are drawn. The floating platform will have a shielding effect on waves coming from the sea. Due to the shielding effect of the floating platform, the motions in heave, surge and pitch of the floating bridge are evidently diminished. Among them, the motion response of the pontoon near the floating platform decreases most obviously. The floating platform provides a relatively stable marine environment for the floating bridge, thereby improving the survival state of the floating bridge.     

Validation of a dynamic mooring model coupled with a RANS solver

Standard design procedures and simulation tools for marine structures are aimed primarily for use by the offshore oil and gas. Mooring system restoring forces acting on floating offshore structures are obtained from a quasi-static mooring model alone or from a coupled analysis based on potential flow solvers that do not always consider nonlinear mooring-induced restoring forces, fluid structure interactions, and associated hydrodynamic damping effects. This paper presents the validation of a dynamic mooring system analysis technique that couples the dynamic mooring model with a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations solver. We coupled a dynamic mooring model with a RANS equations solver, and analyzed a moored floating buoy in calm water, regular and irregular waves and validated our motion and mooring force predictions against experimental measurements. The mooring system consisted of three catenary chains. The analyzed response comprised decaying oscillating buoy motions, linear and quadratic damping characteristics, and tensile forces in mooring lines. The generally favorable comparison of predicted buoy motions and mooring forces to experimental data confirmed the reliability of our implemented coupling technique to predict system response. Additional comparative results from a potential flow solver demonstrated the benefits of the coupled dynamic mooring model with RANS equations. The successful validated tool of coupling the dynamic mooring model with the RANS solver is available as open source, and it shows the potential of the coupled methodology to be used for analyzing the moored offshore structures.     

Methodology for global structural load effect analysis of the semi-submersible hull of floating wind turbines under still water,wind, and wave loads

In designing the support structures of floating wind turbines (FWTs), a key challenge is to determine the load effects (at the cross-sectional load and stress level). This is because FWTs are subjected to complex global, local, static, and dynamic loads in stochastic environmental conditions. Up to now, most of the studies of FWTs have focused on the dynamic motion characteristics of FWTs, while minimal research has touched upon the internal load effects of the support structure. However, a good understanding of the structural load effects is essential since it is the basis for achieving a good design. Motivated by the situation, this study deals with the global load effect analysis for FWT support structures. A semi-submersible hull of a 10-MW FWT is used in the case study. A novel analysis method is employed to obtain the time-domain internal load effects of the floater, which account for the static and dynamic global loads under the still water, wind, and wave loads and associated motions. The investigation of the internal stresses resulting from various global loads under operational and parked conditions and the dynamic behavior of the structural load effects in various environmental conditions are made. The dominating load components for structural responses of the semi-submersible floater and the significant dynamic characteristics under different wind and wave conditions are identified. The dynamic load effects of the floating support structure are investigated by considering the influence of the second-order wave loads, viscous drag loads induced global motions, and wind and wave misalignments. The main results are discussed, and the main findings are summarized. The insights gained provide a basis for improving the design and analysis of FWT support structures.     

Simplified estimation for the dynamic behavior and reliability analysis of very large floating structures under wave-induced loads

This paper deals with the dynamic response and strength of very large floating structures (VLFS) in regular and irregular waves, considering the propagation of the hydroelastic deflection wave of the structure. First, a simplified estimation method is presented for the dynamic response and strength of the structure in regular waves. Then, the validity of the method is demonstrated by comparing its results with analytical results and experimental results for a mat-type floating structure model. Next, a simplified estimation method for dynamic responses under long crested irregular wave conditions is presented by using the above results and by combining them with irregular sea wave spectra. Finally, the applicability of the method is investigated through numerical examples carried out for a 4,800-m class VLFS under trial design. Characteristics of the hydroelastic waves, short-term responses, and reliability levels are numerically identified. Received for publication on April 14, 1999; accepted on Sept. 10, 1999     

Development of interlink wear estimation method for mooring chain of floating structures: Validation and new approach using three-dimensional contact response

Long-term operation of mooring systems is one of the challenging issues of floating structures such as floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). For integrity assessment, fatigue and its affecting factors have generated considerable recent research interest as the occurrence of a large number of mooring chain failures at a high rate has been reported. By contrast, only few studies on the effect of nonuniform volume loss of mooring chain links due to wear can be found because of difficulties to estimate wear amounts quantitatively. Considering this issue, in this paper, validation of the quantitative interlink wear estimation method is investigated by applying to a spar-type floating structure. Firstly, the method is presented which consists of the material test, derivation of an interlink wear estimation formula with FE analysis, and calculation of mooring chain response with coupled dynamic analysis using a mass-spring model. To improve insufficient accuracy due to the mass-spring model around a clump weight and the touchdown point, the method is further modified by using a 3-D rigid-body link model. The estimation results and comparison show that the modified method distinguishing between rolling and sliding can calculate the interlink wear amount closer to the chain diameter measurements and more reasonable than the method using the conventional mass-spring model.     

舰用大型进气装置动力特性研究

进行舰用进气装置系统的动力特性分析可以解决结构在使用中遇到的振动导致变形过大等问题,并为结构优化设计起指导作用.从舰用进气装置动力特性的研究需要出发,论述了动力特性分析的理论基础,以某大型进气装置为对象,针对激励环境、固有特性及动力响应进行了试验研究.提出了适合于船载复杂结构的有限元分析技术,通过试验计算的对比分析,验证了分析方法的可行性和准确性,并指出了进气装置固有特性和动力敏感度的特征.     

气浮结构的运动特性研究

文章通过理论分析和试验研究探讨了气浮结构的运动特性。按单自由度刚体弹簧体系建立了气浮结构的升沉和摇摆运动方程，进而求气浮结构运动的固有周期，并对气浮结构的运动特性进行了讨论分析。文中引进的气浮力折减系数ka体现了气浮体的恢复力刚度系数与普通浮体的差异，该参数对气浮体的浮态、稳性、运动特性都有很大的影响。理论分析和试验表明气体浮体的固有周期比相应实浮体的大。结合理论和试验，确定了气浮结构作升沉运动时附连水质量系数的取值。摇摆运动的附连水质量系数的确定较为复杂，还需作进一步的研究。     

超大型浮体模块水弹性响应和结构强度分析

水弹性方法针对超大型浮体的刚度特点,充分考虑了结构变形与流体运动的相互作用,是进行结构安全性分析的有效手段。文章采用水弹性分析方法研究了超大型浮体单模块总体波浪载荷以及结构应力响应。首先基于三维有限元方法分析了模块在真空中的总振动模态,然后结合模态叠加法和边界元法计算了模块在流场里面的谐振和模态响应。在此基础上,研究了各模态下结构的应力响应以及总应力响应,并分析了危险载荷工况,评估了超大型浮体单模块的结构强度,研究结果对超大型浮体单模块结构优化设计和安全性评估具有一定的指导意义。     

船闸平板输水阀门动力优化及流激振动特性分析*

针对船闸大尺寸平板输水阀门的流激振动问题,应用模态试验与有限元数值模拟相结合的分析方法研究阀门的 自振特性,指导阀门结构动力优化设计,通过水弹性模型试验研究阀门的流激振动特性。研究表明：阀门自振频率的试验 值和计算值吻合较好,振型完全一致;结构优化后基频显著提高,已完全脱离了水流脉动的高能区,流激振动响应较小, 不至于产生危害。     

不对称船体结构动态特性研究

针对计算常规船舶结构动态特性的方法不适用于计算左右不对称横剖面船体梁动态特性的问题，本文将船体视为薄壁梁并离散成梁段，推导出迁移矩阵法迭代求解不对称船体结构固有及固有振型的公式系统，计算了左右不对称程度不同的梁结构及不对称船 梁的固有频率及振型。指出不对称梁 有振动为弯扭耦合振动，其固有频率与振动型的对应关系与对称梁不同。     

弹性浮筏系统动力学建模及冲击响应分析

浮筏隔振系统是一种集集中质量,弹簧,阻尼和弹性连续体为一体的复杂动力学系统,被广泛应用于船舶重要设备的振动隔离.本文以多体动力学和结构动力学为理论基础,对弹性浮筏隔振系统进行动力学建模,考虑筏体的刚体运动和弹性变形的耦合,由此推导出整个隔振系统的动力学振动方程.结合具体的算例,求出了弹性浮筏隔振系统的固有频率和对不同冲击激励的响应,指出了筏体的弹性变形对系统动力学性能的影响,揭示了弹性模型的全面性和合理性.该研究可对浮筏系统的优化设计提供理论依据和参考,有一定的工程意义.     

水下压缩空气储能系统柔性立管响应特性分析（英文）

With the rapid development of marine renewable energy technologies, the demand to mitigate the fluctuation of variable generators with energy storage technologies continues to increase. Offshore compressed air energy storage(OCAES) is a novel flexible-scale energy storage technology that is suitable for marine renewable energy storage in coastal cities, islands, offshore platforms, and offshore renewable energy farms. For deep-water applications, a marine riser is necessary for connecting floating platforms and subsea systems. Thus, the response characteristics of marine risers are of great importance for the stability and safety of the entire OCAES system. In this study, numerical models of two kinds of flexible risers, namely, catenary riser and lazy wave riser, are established in OrcaFlex software. The static and dynamic characteristics of the catenary and the lazy wave risers are analyzed under different environment conditions and internal pressure levels. A sensitivity analysis of the main parameters affecting the lazy wave riser is also conducted. Results show that the structure of the lazy wave riser is more complex than the catenary riser; nevertheless, the former presents better response performance.     

系泊多体海上平台非线性动力特性研究

海上浮式平台通常由多个大型浮体模块柔性连接,组成一个典型的刚柔流耦合的多振子网络系统。本文从网络动力学角度研究多体浮式海上平台,通过龙格库塔法求解海上浮式平台运动微分方程,得到海洋平台运动响应随连接件刚度变化情况。数值结果表明,连接件刚度变化使得多体海上浮式平台表现出丰富的非线性动力特性现象,例如幅值跳跃、分岔、混沌等现象。为进一步揭示非线性浮式平台的集体动力学行为,作出浮块在各响应阶段对应的时域图和相图比较。本文得到的初步研究结果及研究方法,可为大型海上浮体结构初步设计提供理论参考。     

船舶辅机的隔振设计及船体耦合振动分析

为了减小船舶的振动与噪声,对某船用空压机组进行了浮筏隔振装置的设计,其中包括隔振参数的确定以及筏体结构的设计等。通过建立隔振系统的有限元模型,分析了该系统的动力学特性,包括振动模态、振动传递率以及对于冲击的响应。为了揭示实船隔振系统的规律,将空压机组浮筏装置的有限元模型拓展到全船,分析了隔振装置装船后的耦合振动模态,讨论了船舶结构的振动对浮筏系统隔振效果以及冲击响应的影响。在此基础上,探讨了提高船舶辅机浮筏隔振系统动力学性能的途径。     

Combining low- and high-frequency loads acting on large floating structures

Loads acting on large floating structures usually consist of high-frequency and low-frequency loads. The high-frequency loads are associated with the hydroelastic behavior of the structure and excitation of the natural frequency modes. The low-frequency loads are associated with the body motion of the structure and the wave profile. In design analysis, extreme values of these loads must be combined taking into consideration the correlation between them. This paper discusses a methodology for combining the extreme loads, and proposes a simple formulation suitable for use in reliability analysis. A proposed load combination factor K was found to depend on the correlation coefficient of the two loads, the ratio of their standard deviations and the frequency content of the processes from which the loads are determined. The correlation coefficient was found to depend on the complex frequency response functions of the loads and the input wave spectrum. The paper also discusses characteristic extreme values of slightly nonlinear loads acting on large floating structures.Extreme loads may be based on a storm condition with a specified return period. Since very large floating structures are expected to have a long operational lifetime, the return period must be selected carefully. The paper discusses a method for selecting return periods based on the expected operational life of the structure and encounter probability.