珠海高栏港船舶大气污染物排放清单研究

基于珠海高栏港船舶活动数据与船舶能耗报告数据,结合《非道路移动源大气污染物排放清单编制技术指南》中排放因子与辖区实际燃油取样检查中的含硫量,运用燃油消耗法,建立了珠海高栏港2018年沿海及远洋船舶大气污染物排放清单,以期为大气环境科学领域对船舶排放影响进行定量研究提供重要基础,也为管理部门提供更加科学的决策依据和有效的治理措施。     

在航船舶尾气无人机遥测技术研究与应用

为打好船舶大气污染防治攻坚战,落实交通运输部海事局"陆海空天"一体化海事监管体系建设方向,提升我国海洋、内河及环境情况复杂水域中在航船舶尾气监测的自动化水平,研究了小型化的船舶尾气嗅探传感器,利用无人机搭载嗅探传感器实时监测在航船舶尾气中的SO2和CO2浓度,依此反推船舶燃油的硫含量.选择对上海(排放控制区)关键水域的...     

船用MGO与HFO转换技术研究

为了满足硫排放控制区域（SECA）的要求,目前设计的船舶在机舱内都增加了MGO系统.由于MGO具有低粘度、低密度、低闪点、低硫含量等特点,因此需相应制定合理、安全的转换方案.     

Air pollution impact of maritime shipping operations in the port of Houston

Abstract

Major air pollutants from maritime shipping operations are sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter emissions from combustion of fuel oil during cruise, berth, and start‐up modes. Sulfur oxides emissions are substantial from steamships burning high‐sulfur residual fuel oil, where shipping contributes 66 percent of the total sulfur dioxide emissions from transportation sources, and almost 3 percent of the total for Harris county, Texas. Nitrogen oxides emissions are significant during cruise conditions for both steamships and motor ships, while particulate emissions are substantial during start‐up and tube cleaning.

Significant marine air pollutant emission sources are found in busy harbor areas such as the Houston Ship Channel. Offshore terminals for unloading large tankers may result in emissions of 10 to 20 tons of sulfur oxides daily per ship, and 3 to 5 tons of nitrogen oxides daily per ship during pumping operations. Trace‐metal constituents present in the oil may catalyze sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide oxidation to their respective sulfate and nitrate aerosols in the humid Texas Gulf Coast atmospheres to aggravate photochemical air pollution problems once the air masses reach industrial and populated urban areas on land. Onshore sulfur dioxide and particulate‐matter emission controls may be necessary for some large ships in port to minimize potential impact on coastal zone air quality.     

Planning for Cruise Ship Resilience: An Approach to Managing Cruise Ship Impacts in Haines,Alaska

Resilience theory has management implications useful when planning for cruise ship tourism. In small coastal communities, cruise ships often provide welcomed economic incentives that can bolster a waning economy. However, in some coastal communities, the magnitude and intensity of passenger visits can reduce social resilience and induce an economic regime shift that leads to rapid socioeconomic reorganization. The implications of such a regime shift are a loss of economic diversity, reduced social resilience, and a loss of social capital. Planning for cruise ship resilience increases the likelihood of successful coping strategies and addresses the socioecological changes inherent to a cruise ship destination. Both Holling's adaptive cycle and the four principals for building resilience established by Berkes and Seixas are fundamental to a successful management plan.     

我国沿海关键水域设定分道的认识和探讨

我国沿海船舶活动频繁且通航密度大、航线设计交汇叠加、会遇局面频繁发生、船舶交通事故及险情多发,在这样的航路上,规划和设立分道是目前最有效的方式。文中就沿海关键水域设定分道通航进行了探讨,以期优化我国沿岸航行船舶航路,努力减少我国沿海的航行风险。     

船舶造成空气污染成因分析及对策研究

近年空气质量不断恶化,控制气体污染成为社会关注焦点。船舶排放已成为了第三大空气污染源,仅次于工业气体排放和机动车尾气。据测算,1艘中型集装箱船使用普通燃料（含硫量为3.5%）航行1天,其排放量等于50万辆货车。国际海事组织加强对船舶造成大气污染的控制,2005年5月19日起实施《防止船舶造成空气污染规则》。2016年1月,我国在珠三角、长三角、环渤海水域设立3个船舶排放控制区。本文主要分析船舶造成大气污染的原因,探寻较少排放污染的方法。     

船舶大气污染物岸基嗅探式自动监测系统设计与验证

为实现船舶大气污染物排放量的远程测量,初步筛选出高排放船舶,提高船舶排放监管的针对性和效率,设计一种基于嗅探式传感器的岸基监测设备和配套的软件平台系统。系统通过采集船舶大气污染物浓度数据、船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Indentification System,AIS)数据和气象数据等实时信息,基于船舶尾气排放量在线估算方法、船舶尾气排放扩散数值模拟、观测数据的模式识别算法等,实现船舶尾气排放特征的在线识别和疑似高排放船舶的粗筛。对比在相同环境条件下CALPUFF模型计算得到的气体污染物模拟理论浓度,验证岸基嗅探式自动监测系统的监测可行性和准确性。     

渤海湾客滚船客舱内空气污染与控制方法研究

介绍了影响船舶客舱内空气质量的各种因素及各种空气污染物的来源。通过对渤海湾中三条航线的6艘客滚船上不同等级客舱内的空气污染物进行检测，采用文献法、问卷调查法、数值统计法、灰色物元分析法等方法，以实测数据为基础，分析了客舱内空气污染的程度，对比分析了不同等级客舱的空气质量。最后给出了提高船舶客舱内空气质量的建议和空气污染控制方法。     

船舶运输业造成大气污染现状及防治对策研究

文中通过世界各国对于船舶运输业污染大气防治的措施进行研究,分析我国船舶污染大气防治存在的不足,并提出相关防治对策。     

Sea trial of prototype Vertical Weight Stabilizer (VWS) anti-rolling system for small ships

Anti-rolling is an important technique for safety and efficient ship operation. In the era of sailing ships, rolling motions were not so severe compared to those of modern ships running by prime mover without sails, because the sail itself had a damping effect on rolling motion. After propeller driven ships exceeded sailing ships in number and performance, namely, from the end of the nineteenth century, many types of anti-rolling–related techniques were invented and developed, of both passive and active types. Recently (2009, 2010), as sea trials, we carried out proto-type experiments on an anti-rolling system and confirmed its effectiveness. The new concept utilizes the so-called Corioli’s effect, which appears in the rotational coordinate system. Usually, this effect is considered as virtual, but the real effect appears when a mass moves in the radial direction in a rotating coordinate system. In the case of ship rolling, the vertical motion of a mass generates Corioli’s force to finally generate anti-rolling moment. This is the reason the system was named Vertical Weight Stabilizer (VWS). This new system was invented in 1998 by Hirayama, and confirmed by the model experiments in a towing tank. Numerical simulations were carried out by the Sea and Air Control System laboratory of Yokohama National University, but the actual system could not be realized, because we could not find an appropriate actuator. The key technology for the success of the current sea experiment is the powerful, high-speed, compact actuator for the vertical movement of the weight. In this paper, we introduce this new concept by adopting a simple experiment, the control system with new actuator used in an actual sea experiment, and report on the successful results.     

着力新船型开发 创新做强船舶工业

回顾了我国船舶工业20年来的发展历程,介绍了近年来我国在船舶设计水平和船型开发优化方面取得的喜人成绩。但与造船业发达国家或地区相比,我国船舶设计、船型研发方面仍有不小差距。针对这些差距,提出了加快3大主流船型的优化和换代开发、高新技术船舶和海洋工程装备开发的发展思路和提高我国船舶设计水平的措施和建议。     

浅谈以NSM规则理念规范海事船舶管理的可行性

本文结合福州海事局所属海事船舶在管理中以NSM规则为指导,建立并运行海巡艇安全管理体系的做法,提出运用NSM规则理念规范海巡艇管理的新思路,旨在进一步提高海事船舶"管用养修"的水平,真正做到海事船舶管理的"规范化、制度化、标准化"。     

中国沿海2018年度船舶黑碳排放分析

对年度船舶黑碳排放进行概述。以2018年度中国沿海为目标区域，对年度船舶活动特征进行分析。基于自动识别系统（Automatic Identification System，AIS）数据，对年度船舶黑碳排放量进行计算，根据计算结果对年度船舶黑碳排放特征进行分析，并提出中国沿海船舶黑碳减排建议。     

碳减排背景下氢燃料电池船舶发展现状及监管建议

为实现碳减排目标,航运业必须寻找更为清洁环保的船舶替代燃料,而零碳排放的氢能源电池将发挥巨大潜力.在介绍氢燃料电池船舶国内应用现状和技术规范基础上,分析氢燃料电池船舶的优势和面临的挑战,最后从海事管理机构的角度提出了对氢燃料电池船舶的监管建议.     

Ship resistance when operating in floating ice floes: Derivation,validation, and application of an empirical equation

With the effects of global warming, the Arctic is presenting a new environment where numerous ice floes are floating on the open sea surface. Whilst this has improved Arctic shipping navigability in an unprecedented way, the interaction of such floes with ships is yet to be understood to aid the designing of ships and route planning for this region. To further explore this topic, the present work develops a procedure to derive an empirical equation that can predict the effects of such floes on ship resistance. Based on a validated computational approach, extensive data are extracted from simulations of three different ships with varying operational and environmental conditions. The ice-floe resistance is shown to strongly correlate with ship beam, ship buttock angle, ship waterline angle, ship speed, ice concentration, ice thickness and floe diameter, and the regression powers of each of the parameters on resistance are ascertained. This leads to a generic empirical equation that can swiftly predict ice-floe resistance for a given ship in a given condition. Subsequently, demonstrations are given on the incorporation of the derived equation into a set of real-time Arctic ship performance model and voyage planning tool, which can predict a ship's fuel consumption in ice-infested seas and dynamically suggest a route with the least safety concern and fuel consumption. Moreover, the equation is validated by providing ice resistance prediction for experimental and full-scale conditions from multiple sources, showing high accuracy. In conclusion, the empirical equation is shown to give valid and rapid estimates for ice-floe resistance, providing valuable insights into ship designs for the region, as well as facilitating practical applications for polar navigation.     

基于动态水域网格计算的船舶领域研究

为了满足现代船舶的发展需求,结合船舶自动识别系统(AIS)数据量巨大,包含了丰富的船舶信息等优点.本文利用SQL2012对AIS数据进行处理,建立包含船舶静态信息和动态信息的数据库;借助C#程序语言,构建以中心船舶为原点的网格坐标系,并以船舶间相对距离方位计算周围船舶在网格中的相对位置坐标;对同长度和类型的船舶进行网格叠加计算,并以船舶频数的方式进行统计,采用数据处理软件Matlab以最小二乘法的方式对统计结果进行处理;对研究水域的主要船型不同尺度的船舶领域进行对比和统计分析,并对不同船型船舶领域略作讨论,总结得出开阔水域船舶领域的特点.     

Governance Responses to Rapid Growth in Environmentally Sensitive Areas of Coastal Australia

The twin forces of rising affluence and population are altering coastal communities around the world. High amenity, environmentally sensitive areas—particularly attractive, non-metropolitan coastal environments—are witnessing a tidal wave of in migration from former urbanites. As a result, these communities are struggling to accommodate growing numbers of people with urban tastes and rural dreams in areas with governance structures and physical infrastructure designed for occasional tourists. This article looks at how governance frameworks in coastal Australia respond to the profound environmental, social, and cultural implications of this process. We offer a typology of non-metropolitan coastal growth settings—from exurban contexts to isolated coastal hamlets—and identify the main environmental, social, economic, and governance issues they face. We then outline the policy and legislative framework governing coastal areas in Australia and show how this framework is interpreted at the local level through an analysis of five local plans covering different coastal settings.     

基于SAR的深远海船舶动态感知技术应用展望

针对现有技术手段对深远海区域船舶动态感知能力不足的问题,分析了基于SAR的深远海船舶动态感知技术实现深远海船舶动态监控的可能性,并对海事应用场景进行了初步研究,认为该技术可用于大区域深远海船舶交通态势分析、深远海遇险船舶定位及应急指挥、海事日常空中主动巡航监管,可作为海事系统技术体系的一个重要组成部分"陆海空天"一体化...     

Statistics and damage assessment of ship grounding

In this paper, general statistics of ship grounding incidents are considered and the damage extent distributions for Ro–Ro ships are presented from the results of a comprehensive damage data survey conducted using Lloyd's Register's damage database. Theoretical models and semi-empirical formulae based on parametric studies are used to study the damage extents of grounded ships. Two real life grounding accidents are assessed. One is a single hull VLCC grounded onto a single rock and the other is a cargo ship grounded onto multiple rocks. A simulation based on a simple multi-rock scenario has been conducted on a 304-m single hull tanker. Correlation is made between the present calculation method results, statistical results and IMO requirements. The paper concludes with the main findings from the study.