平面2R机器人机构混沌运动的控制

应用混沌控制方法中的周期扰动参数方法有效地控制了平面2R机器人机构中的混沌运动．在周期扰动参数控制法中，外扰周期信号的频率和振幅是混沌控制成功与否的关键．通过计算系统的最大Lyapunov指数的符号与频率或振幅的关系，可以选取适当的频率和振幅，将系统的混沌运动转化为规则的周期运动．     

基于智能司机模型的交通流混沌现象分析

利用智能司机模型仿真交通流中的走走停停现象，通过分析仿真程序产生的交通流时间序列,讨论了参数变化对交通流运动状态的影响，给出了相关的仿真结果．分析结果说明在该模型基础上产生的走走停停交通流在一定密度条件下确实存在着混沌现象，并随条件参数不同存在着有序运动与混沌两种不同运动形态的转化．     

运动约束亚音速二维粘弹性壁板的非线性颤振

为研究粘弹性悬臂壁板在亚音速气流和非线性运动约束联合作用下的稳定性及非线性颤振,基于Hamilton原理建立了悬臂壁板的运动方程,并采用Galerkin方法将其转化为常微分方程组,在参数平面内研究了系统的颤振失稳及发散失稳边界.采用数值模拟方法并根据不同的运动响应将颤振失稳区划分为3个子区域,研究了颤振失稳区内,系统复杂的运动响应.结果表明:系统出现了颤振失稳;非线性因素系统在颤振失稳后处于极限环运动状态;周期-3运动及周期-5运动会伴随着混沌运动产生;随着动压的增大,系统最后将呈现发散运动.      

单自由度碰撞振动系统的稳定性分析

通过数值仿真研究了一类具有双侧刚性约束的单自由度碰撞振动系统对称周期运动经叉式分岔、倍化分岔、“擦边”奇异性向混沌转迁的全局分岔过程,及其在混沌区域的“磕碰”行为.对其分岔与混沌行为的研究为工业实际中含间隙机械系统和冲击振动系统的优化设计提供了理论依据.     

基于新型性能指标的冗余度机械臂重复运动规划之方案分析与验证

为解决冗余度机器人手臂在运动过程中出现的关节角偏差问题,探讨与分析了一种基于新型性能指标的二次型优化模型,以使机械臂的关节能实现重复运动.在考虑各种关节物理极限(如关节角度极限和关节速度极限)的情况下,该模型最终被转化为一个标准的二次型优化问题来求解.同时,基于负梯度法的原理分析和基于PUMA560的平面四连杆机械臂的计算机仿真结果表明,该方案具有可行性和有效性.     

混沌振动识别的研究

提出了一套有效识别混沌的步骤和方法，并利用其对某型隔振装置的振动加速度信号进行了识别，从而判断该系统处于混沌运动状态．由于实测信号中不可避免地受到噪声的干扰，所以先应用小波方法对信号进行消噪，然后对信号进行功率谱分析、相空间重构、计算混沌测度等，实现了对混沌信号的准确识别．     

退化环境中全向移动机器人位姿鲁棒修正算法

全向移动机器人定位算法在退化环境中通常会产生较大的定位漂移或失效,为此提出一种鲁棒的全向移动机器人在退化环境中的位姿修正算法。首先,通过全向移动机器人的结构、动力学分析确定定位误差产生来源;其次,对机器人的各运动状态进行受力分析,结合机器人的运动环境和机器人的运动状态建立打滑误差模型;再次,通过预试验得到的位移与定位误差,运用非线性加权拟合方法计算得出加工装配误差模型;最后,在轮式里程计中插入误差补偿模块,提高机器人定位精度。试验表明：算法位置平均误差为1.36%,姿态平均误差为0.75%,较传统算法分别提高了3.14倍和5.15倍。算法在保证定位精度的前提下具有很强的鲁棒性。     

二维薄板在超音速气流作用下的热弹性颤振

根据von-Karman几何非线性应变位移关系建立了二维薄板在超音速气流作用下的非线性动力学模型,其中气动力根据一阶准静态活塞理论计算.用假设模态法和伽辽金方法使方程离散化,然后用Runge-Kutta方法计算.分析结果用分叉图和相图描述.结果表明,温度效应降低了板的稳定性;随动压增大,系统经历稳定运动、周期运动和混沌运动状态.     

利用x|x|控制机械式离心调速器系统的混沌

通过对机械式离心调速器系统增加一个具有分段二次函数x|x|形式的非线性反馈控制器，利用它控制系统从混沌运动转化为周期运动．该控制器是一种活动控制器，它不影响原系统的参数，其结构简单且易于实现．数值仿真表明了该控制方法在机械式离心调速器系统混沌控制中的有效性与可行性，将系统的混沌行为利用适当的控制强度控制到稳定的周期轨道．     

全柔性铰链平面并联微动机器人的静刚度性能分析

对全柔性铰链平面并联微动机器人(3-RRR)建立伪刚性模型,并利用MATLAB7.1软件编程计算出动平台理论输出位移和方位角,然后根据Lagrange方程能量守恒原理推出机构线性静刚度方程,最后应用ANSYS10.0软件对该机构进行有限元分析,发现有限元刚度值比理论值大25％左右,这是因为把柔性机构伪刚性化,实际柔性铰链不仅产生转动,还会产生伸长等运动,还需要进行实验修正.此研究方法对于该类机构的设计、刚度计算以及机构的动力学分析都有实际意义.     

实测振动信号的Lyapunov指数的计算与混沌识别

分析了Lyapunov指数稳健算法.仿真结果表明稳健算法在刻画混沌"对初始条件敏感"这一特征时具有良好的性能.将该方法用于计算实测振动信号的Lyapunov指数,得到该指数大于零.综合分析信号的频谱特征、关联维数值后,有效地判断了所设计的非线性隔振系统处于混沌状态.     

具有亚像素精度的冗余特征机器人视觉伺服控制

为克服机器人视觉伺服系统对位姿估算及标定精度的依赖性,结合前期特征识别和后期视觉伺服控制,提出基于冗余特征的机器人视觉伺服控制方法.首先,针对图像处理计算密集的问题,从加快特征提取运算速度考虑,研究了矢量数据的递归贪婪压缩算法;其次,从提高图像空间测量精度考虑,研究了基于向量正交性的亚像素特征提取方法,并结合合作目标形状,给出基于多边形形状拟合的目标识别实验性准则;最后,基于图像视觉伺服理论和任务函数方法,直接以具有亚像素级的冗余图像特征作为反馈信息,建立了机器人视觉伺服控制模型,并进行了视觉伺服验证试验.理论分析和实验结果表明,本文提出的视觉伺服控制方法能够在复杂的环境下快速稳定地提取伺服特征,并对标定误差和深度估计误差具有一定的鲁棒性.      

A new solution to the inverse position analysis of the redundant serial robot

A new solution to the inverse position analysis of the redundant serial robot is presented. The inverse position analysis problem of the redundant serial robot is transformed into a minimization problem and then the optimization method is adopted to solve the nonlinear least square problem with the analytic form of a new Jacobi matrix. In this way, the inverse solution of the redundant serial robot can be searched out quickly under the desired precision when the positions of the three non-collinear end effector points are given. The inverse position analysis of the 7R redundant serial robot is illustrated as an example and the simulation results verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.     

Kinematics Modeling of an Omnidirectional Autonomous Mobile Robot with Castor Wheels

The kinematics model of an omnidirectional wheeled mobile robot （WMR） platform with 3 castor wheels was built, which includes the actuated inverse solution and the sensed forward solution. Motion simulations verify the consistency between the actuated inverse solution and the sensed forward solution. Analysis results show that the WMR possesses 3 degrees of freedom, and its motion trajectory is a straight line. The ＂pushing＂ and ＂pulling＂ motion patterns of the WMR can be generated by using different wheel orientations. It can be used in the places where the space is limited.     

A real-time collision-free path planning of a rust removal robot using an improved neural network

In this paper, a real-time collision-free path planning of the rust removal robot in a ship environment is proposed, which is based on an improved biologically inspired neural network algorithm. This improved algorithm is based on the biologically inspired neural network and modified with obstacle detection sensors and kinematic state templates, and is implemented in a ship rust removal robot planning system for dynamic trajectory generation. The real-time optimal trajectory is generated by the biologically inspired neural network, and the moving obstacle detection process of a ship robot working on the wall is simulated with the obstacle detection sensors models. The local real-time trajectory can be re-planned by the updated local map information, where the obstacle detection sensors are used to inspect partial environment information and update the robot nearby information in real time in the original neural network algorithm. At the same time, the method of the kinematic state templates matching and searching is used to solve the pipes’ influence of the rust removal robot climbing on the wall, which can not only provide a smooth path, but also can judge the motion direction and turning angle of the robot. Comparison of the proposed approach with the simulation shows that the improved algorithm is capable of planning a real-time collision-free path with achieving the local environmental information and judging the rust removal robot’s motion direction and turning angle. This proposed algorithm can be good used in the ship rust removal robot.     

An improved method of detecting chaotic motion for rotor-bearing systems

Based on reconstructing the phase space and calculating the largest Lyapunov exponent, an improved method of detecting chaotic motion is presented for rotor-bearing systems. The method is an improvement to the Wolf method and the Rosenstein algorithm. The improved method introduces the correlation integral function method to estimate the embedding dimension and the reconstruction delay simultaneously, and it makes tracks for the evolutions of every pair of the nearest neighbors to improve the utilization of the reconstructed phase space. Numerical calculation and experimental verification show that the improved method can estimate the proper reconstruction parameters and detect chaotic motion of rotor-bearing systems accurately. In addition, the analytical results show that the current approach is robust to variations of the embedding dimension and the reconstruction delay, and it is applicable to small data sets.     

PRINCIPLE, CONSTRUCTION AND KINEMATIC ANALYSIS FOR THE OMNIDIRECTIONAL MOBILE ROBOT——ICE-SKATER ROBOT

IntroductionAccording to Prof.Shigeo Hirose,there arethree main basic types of locomotion for mobilerobot:1 artificial rotational device,such as wheelsand crawlers,2 legs and 3articulated bodies,which is similar to the body of a snake[1] .Thelegged robot can move on not only an even groundbut rugged terrain and makes omnidirectional mo-tion without slippage,it will increase the totalweight of the robotifa number ofbulky and heavyactuators,steering and braking mechanisms are at-tached to the m…     

压电陶瓷驱动微小型机器人的运动分析与仿真

为满足桌面工厂对机器人在平面内大行程、高精度和全方位运动的要求,研制了一种压电陶瓷驱动的微小型机器人.该机器人采用stick-and-slip运动原理,通过压电陶瓷和电磁铁的配合动作,在铁磁性工作表面上实现了前进、后退、左转、右转和原地旋转运动.在假设平行配置的压电陶瓷驱动器在每一步的运动过程中保持平行基础上,分析了一步运动中机器人的4个支撑脚的坐标变化情况,进而推导出在该条件下反映机器人位姿变化的运动学差分模型.计算结果显示,机器人直线运动最大步长为0.042 0 mm,旋转运动最大偏转角度为0.185°/步.通过开环轨迹控制、点-点位姿控制和路径跟踪闭环控制实验,验证了机器人应用于桌面工厂时的可行性.