基于遗传算法的滩海路堤堤高优化设计研究

滩海路是为了开发丰富的滩海石油资源而修筑的联系陆地与人工岛的纽带.浅海滩涂地带受潮汐影响,水陆界伸缩很大,这就造成了滩海路建设具有费用高、风险大、工期长、维修费用高的特点.堤高是影响滩海路堤工程建设总费用的关键因素,其合理确定对于保证滩海路通行天数、降低工程建设总费用是至关重要的.基于遗传算法,结合全寿命周期成本理论,建立了滩海路堤堤高多目标优化设计模型,并对渤海海域某工程地的滩海路堤进行优化设计,同原设计比较表明:利用该方法具有优越性,可以节省工程建设资金.     

中海油多功能新型滚装船“中油海631”简介

长江船舶设计院为中国石油集团海洋工程有限公司设计、山东乳山船厂建造的中海油多功能新型滚装船于3月31日正式交船 据了解，该船是配合冀东油田开发而配置的专用滚装船，航行于冀东南堡油田人工岛之间，承担着大型集装箱挂车、化学品罐车、工程车辆、工作指挥车辆及施工人员的运输任务，该项目的实施是国家实施冀东油田开发战略的重要组成部分。     

滩海油田人工岛应急供电系统的设计

根据有关标准规范要求,结合滩海石油工程设计实践,探讨了滩海油田人工岛应急供电系统的设备选型、布置、供电范围、供电时间及电缆敷设等内容.     

滩海人工岛工程安全监测预警模式

人工岛运行期的安全监测,关系到人工岛围护结构稳定和生产运行安全。结合国内首个滩海人工岛工程安全监测自动化系统的开发,分析了运行期滩海人工岛安全监测的特点,首次提出了滩海人工岛运行期安全监测的预警指标和预警模式,并分级给出了工程安全应对措施,类似工程可参照实施。     

基于遗传算法的滩海路路面结构优化设计研究

滩海路是为了开发丰富的滩海石油资源而修筑的联系陆地与人工岛的纽带。浅海滩涂地带受潮汐影响，水陆界伸缩很大，这就造成了滩海路建设具有费用高、风险大、工期长、维修费用高的特点。近年来，滩海路出现了漫水路的结构型式，其路堤高程较低，路面允许潮水淹没和通过，潮水过后可恢复通车使用。路面结构是构成滩海路堤工程建设总费用的重要部分，其合理确定对于降低工程建设总费用、确保工程建设质量都是至关重要的。文章以遗传算法作为基本数学工具，结合全寿命周期成本理论，建立了滩海路路面结构优化设计模型，并对渤海海域某工程地的滩海路路面进行优化设计，同原设计比较表明：利用该方法具有优越性，可以节省工程建设资金。     

胜利埕岛东区油气混输工艺设计总结

本文介绍了国内外滩海油田油气集输工艺的现状,针对埕岛油田东区的地理位置和油藏特点,详细论述了海上平台部分以油气混输为主要特点,中心平台与陆上终端相结合的集输模式,意在为滩海油田的开发模式提供一个新的设计理念.     

南堡海域冰情及其对工程的影响分析

基于南堡海域冰情调查的基础资料,对该海域的海冰冰情进行了较为详尽地阐述,分析了海冰对滩海石油工程及海上生产的影响及危害,探讨了工程设计与生产作业应注意的关键环节,给出了该海区最大平整冰厚度设计的具体数值,并指出了滩海石油工程抵御海冰破坏需要进一步研究的问题.     

滩海海底管道挖沟沉管技术

在滩海水域 ,尤其是环渤海近岸海域 ,水浅且海况复杂 ,铺设海底管道施工技术难度高、风险大。经过多年的不断探索、实践 ,自行研制出驳载拖橇式滩海挖沟装置。经过近 10年在胜利海域埕岛油田的使用 ,见到了一定的效果。主要论述了该装置及施工技术。     

滩海工程环境因子与人工岛工程相互作用初探

综合国内外人工岛现状和相关研究,初步探讨分析了滩海工程环境因子与滩海工程的相互作用,结果提出了与滩海构筑物相互作用的关键环境因素为风浪、强潮流、海冰、海底地质灾害4个因子,并最终以泥沙迁移和海床失稳两种方式与构筑物相互影响。     

冀东南堡人工岛工程潮流泥沙数值模拟*

采用平面二维潮流、泥沙数学模型,结合三重嵌套网格模式,就冀东南堡人工岛附近海域的潮流及泥沙场进行模拟。人工岛工程前、后的潮流场变化表明:由于人工岛及引桥对水流的拦截作用,人工岛后沿及引桥两侧流速减小,人工岛前沿则随着过水断面束窄,流速有所增大。同时,在挖沙池附近,由于局部地形调整,水动力条件在不同位置变化情况稍有差异。此外,泥沙冲淤演变验证了水动力条件变化对泥沙输移的影响:在水流流速增大的区域发生冲刷,而在水流动力减弱的区域则发生淤积。     

Indicators for Evaluating the Impact of Artificial Islands on the Barcelona Coast

Artificial islands have been constructed next to large cities due to the need for extra space in highly populated areas. These emerged structures have been used by many countries as platforms for developing infrastructure (airports, harbors, highways, etc.), rebuilding ecological areas, and creating new spaces for tourism or residential areas. In this study, two state-of-the-art numerical models for wave propagation and nearshore circulation are used to simulate the effects of an emerged artificial island on the Barcelona coast. Several sea indicators (wave height, intensity and direction of currents, and mean water level) are analyzed to assess the changes likely to be induced by an artificial island. Three different situations are studied and the indicators are compared across the different tests to obtain information that can be used in the planning process of these structures. In two-meter wave conditions, the tests show that wave height is generally reduced in the sheltered area, which leads to improved safety for beach users (bathing is prohibited when wave height exceeds the two-meter threshold). However, the numerical models also reveal that velocities in the sheltered area usually decrease, which must be controlled to prevent stagnation in the bathing area.     

大连海上机场人工岛建设对区域水动力及海床冲淤影响分析*

以大连海上机场离岸式人工岛为模拟对象,构建水动力及泥沙输运数学模型,根据现场实测资料对模型进行了证;由模型模拟的结果获得了因人工岛的建设对金州湾海洋动力的影响及海床冲淤情况,为进一步论证大连海上机场人工岛建设的可行性奠定了基础。     

连云新城海滩清淤工程维护效果研究

淤泥质海岸人工沙滩的维护问题日益为人们所关注。在平衡水深概念推导出的海床冲淤公式的基础上,通过对平衡流速的假设,增加了因水深改变而引起的海床冲淤,推广了适用于计算自然滩面下海床冲淤的公式。通过推广后的公式计算了连云新城海滩清淤工程的泥沙冲淤。计算结果表明：各清淤方案有使海床恢复到自然水深的趋势,且均有泥滩出露的现象,需要进行定期的疏浚维护。     

岱山西北海域海床冲淤演变分析*

根据不同年份的水深地形资料及遥感影像,采用GIS技术对近30 a来岱山西北岸线变化及海床冲淤进行数字化分析。同时,结合该海域的水文泥沙特征及人类活动因素,研究海底冲淤变化的主要影响因素。综合分析表明：2011年以前岱山西北海岸岸线稳定,岸滩经历了由滩淤槽冲转为滩冲槽冲的动态演变过程,除岱山西部与大鱼山之间的槽沟局部地形变化较大外,其它海区冲淤速率不到10 cm/a,整个海域的侵蚀速率有加速趋势。2011年之后,岱山北部开始实施大规模围涂工程,岱山西北近岸5 m等深线以浅的岸滩发生1.75 m/a的淤积,而计算范围内的其它海区仍以微侵蚀为主。岱山西北海域泥沙主要以过境输移为主,长江来沙量的减少和近年围垦活动的增加是该海域海床冲淤演变的两个主要影响因素。     

远离大陆辐射沙洲人工岛建设关键技术的探讨

江苏洋口离岸13 km外海辐射沙洲上建设大型人工岛,具有浅海、无遮掩、风浪大、潮差大、工程量大、工期急迫、施工依托条件差等特点。通过对建设过程中采用的主要关键技术实施情况、效果评价以及工程实施过程中遇到的技术问题及分析,探讨和总结外海辐射沙洲上建设人工岛的关键技术,为人工岛后续建设和类似工程提供借鉴。     

港珠澳大桥工程方案人工岛局部动床冲刷物理模型试验研究

根据系列模型方法研究,通过建立模型沙与原型粘性沙之间的关系,确定系列模型试验比尺。利用珠江口伶仃洋海域实测水文、泥沙及水深测量等现场实测资料分析,根据系列模型理论基础,建立人工岛局部动床系列模型,研究工程实施后对人工岛周边的冲刷尺度。研究表明:人工岛上、下游水深变化较小,人工岛东西两侧水深变化较大,距离人工岛较近处,水深增长较大,距离人工岛越远,水深增长越小。人工岛的实施引起的冲刷均集中在人工岛周边1 km左右,范围较小,基本不会对伶仃航道和铜鼓航道产生不利影响。     

Resilience of Touristic Island Beaches Under Sea Level Rise: A Methodological Framework

This contribution addresses the need for a simple model for managers to employ when planning strategies for the management of touristic beaches under sea level rise. A methodological framework was developed and tested in two Aegean archipelago islands (Lesvos and Rhodes, Greece). The scheme can represent the status of touristic island beaches, based on easily obtained variables/indicators and projections of beach erosion/retreat under different scenarios of mean sea level rise (MSLR) and extreme events. Information on beach geomorphological characteristics, environmental setting, water quality, management, and services (such as those used in the “Blue Flag” classification) was collated/collected and beach erosion/retreat due to CV & C was estimated through suitable ensembles of cross-shore (1-D) morphodynamic models. A Strength-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) framework was employed to assist in the selection of indicators and multicriteria analysis used to optimize indicator weights and rank beaches according to their sustainability under sea level rise. Implementation of the framework at the two islands has shown that: the majority of Lesvos and Rhodes beaches (82% of a total of 217 beaches and 58% of a total of 97 beaches, respectively) can be classified as beaches with no, or minimal, human interference, suggesting that under environmentally sound coastal management further touristic development might be afforded; there could be very significant effects of the sea level rise on the carrying and buffering capacities of the most developed (“Blue Flag”) beaches, with some expected even under conservative projections to be completely eroded by 2100, unless technical adaptation measures are taken; and using the proposed framework, touristic beaches can be rapidly ranked in terms of their resilience to sea level rise and their development potential, allowing prioritization of effective management responses.     

Cyclone Mitigation Perspectives in the Islands of Bangladesh: A Case of Sandwip and Hatia Islands

Most coastal areas of the world are now at risk from natural hazards such as cyclones, storm surges, beach erosions, tsunamis, sea level rises, and so on, resulting from geological and meteorological disturbances. In Bangladesh, during premonsoon and post-monsoon periods cyclone and tidal surges are considered the most catastrophic phenomena in coastal regions, including islands. Most coastal island residents of Bangladesh have been facing cyclones for centuries. The present study establishes a comparison between two neighboring islands, Sandwip and Hatia, of the Meghna estuary with respect to disaster reaction and management. Based on a questionnaire survey and observations, the study shows that the inhabitants of Hatia are more aware of and confident in disaster management than the inhabitants of Sandwip. Residents of both islands in the Meghna estuary have established trust in the warning signals following the heavy devastation of great cyclones of 1970, 1985, 1991, and 1997. The residents of Hatia have been facing cyclones and tidal surges more frequently than the residents of Sandwip due to the island's geographical location. In addition, shelter management and relief management are better developed in Hatia than Sandwip.     

港珠澳大桥珠澳口岸人工岛地基处理方案

针对港珠澳大桥珠澳口岸人工岛采用吹填砂形成的特点,研究真空联合堆载预压方案和井点降水联合堆载预压方案的可行性。通过对比分析,分别为岛壁区和岛内区推荐了合适的软基处理方案,并根据推荐的软基处理方法对岛内区的地基沉降进行计算。研究成果已成功应用港珠澳大桥珠澳口岸人工岛填海工程的设计。