Reliability Modeling and Maintenance Policy Optimization for Deteriorating System Under Random Shock

Performance degradation and random shock are commonly regarded as two dependent competing risks for system failures. One method based on effective service age is proposed to jointly model the cumulative effect of random shock and system degradation, and the reliability model of degradation system under Nonhomogeneous Poisson processes (NHPP) shocks is derived. Under the assumption that preventive maintenance (PM) is imperfective and the corrective maintenance (CM) is minimal repair, one maintenance policy which combines PM and CM is presented. Moreover, the two decision variables, PM interval and the number of PMs before replacement, are determined by a multi-objective maintenance optimization method which simultaneously maximizes the system availability and minimizes the system long-run expect cost rate. Finally, the performance of the proposed maintenance optimization policy is demonstrated via a numerical example.     

Bayesian reliability assessment and degradation modeling with calibrations and random failure threshold

A degradation model with a random failure threshold is presented for the assessment of reliability by the Bayesian approach. This model is different from others in that the degradation process is proceeding under pre-specified periodical calibrations. And here a random threshold distribution instead of a constant threshold which is difficult to determine in practice is used. The system reliability is defined as the probability that the degradation signals do not exceed the random threshold. Based on the posterior distribution estimates of degradation performance, two models for Bayesian reliability assessments are presented in terms of the degradation performance and the distribution of random failure threshold. The methods proposed in this paper are very useful and practical for multi-stage system with uncertain failure threshold. This study perfects the degradation modeling approaches and plays an important role in the remaining useful life estimation and maintenance decision making.     

工程结构模糊失效模式的优化准则法

基于枚举结构静强度主要失效模式的优化准则法,利用关于随机和模糊熵的定义,建立了模糊随机变量向等效的随机变量的转换关系。把这种关系用于建立模糊随机结构失效模式得到了较好的效果。并用算例来说明这种方法的应用和有效性。对于大型结构,结合并行计算方法,将会使计算时间大大地减少。     

A Novel Model of Failure Rate Prediction for Circular Electrical Connectors

The reliability of electrical connectors has critical impact on electronic systems. It is usually characterized by failure rate prediction value according to standard MIL-HDBK-217(or GJB-299 C in Chinese) in engineering practice. Given to their limitations and mislead results, a new failure rate prediction models needs to be presented. The presented model aims at the mechanism of increase of film thickness which leads to the increase of contact resistance. The estimated failure rate value can be given at different environmental conditions,and some of the factors affecting the reliability are taken into account. Accelerated degradation test(ADT) was conducted on GJB599 III series electrical connector. The failure rate prediction model can be simply formed and convenient to calculate the expression of failure rate changing with time at various temperature and vibration conditions. This model gives an objective assessment in short time, which makes it convenient to be applied to the engineering.     

基于有删失数据的失效率非参数估计方法

为解决当寿命分布的数学形式完全未知，而寿命试验数据又含有右删失数据的情况下，如何估计失效率函数的问题，推广运用密度结构估计的处理手段，根据极大似然的估计思想，在推推导出失效率函数估计的数学形式基础上，构造特殊的样条插值，给出了失效率函数的连续非参数估计。     

Optimal Burn-in and Preventive Maintenance Modeling with Competing Failure Processes

In this article, we assume that the product in the burn-in procedure only experiences continuous smooth degradation process, while in the field operation period the product experiences both continuous smooth degradation process and shock process. The shock process can cause the product not only traumatic failure,but also additional abrupt degradation damage. After the system reliability model and maintenance model have been proposed, the optimal burn-in setting and age replacement duration are obtained under the considering of minimizing the long run average cost rate. A numerical example with the real data is analyzed to illustrate the application of the model.     

结构动力抗震可靠度理论的研究进展

从状态变量模型、基本变量模型和实用简化模型3个方面,对结构动力抗震可靠度理论的研究进展系统地进行了总结与评述.针对状态变量模型,结合随机振动理论,将随机振动分析方法分为两类:第1类是面向数字特征的方法,主要解决结构的随机反应从基本随机变量空间到状态变量空间的统计矩演化问题;第2类是面向概率密度的方法,主要解决结构的随机反应从基本随机变量空间到状态变量空间的概率密度演化问题.分别评述了两类方法中的代表性方法:等价线性化方法和概率密度演化方法.针对基本变量模型,分别总结了考虑系统参数随机性的结构动力抗震可靠度分析方法,以及将动力可靠度问题转化为静力可靠度问题的理论和方法,对近年来提出的尾部等效线性化方法、子集模拟法、等价极值法等进行了对比分析.针对实用简化模型,总结评述了3种方法:基于随机地震动模拟-确定性时程分析的直接方法、基于一致危险性反应谱和等效非线性体系的简化方法、基于可靠度简化解析表达式与数值模拟的半解析方法.最后,对新近提出的结构整体抗震可靠度理论及其存在的问题进行了归纳分析,并从地震作用的输入模型、主要失效模式的搜索、结构的破坏准则、结构失效模式的多重性、结构的整体极限状态方程等方面给出了研究建议.      

桥梁结构非线性地震响应极值分布的估算方法

为了研究近断层脉冲地震作用下桥梁非线性地震响应极值分布，进行小失效概率下的桥梁动力可靠度精确计算，提出了一种有效的近断层脉冲地震作用下桥梁结构非线性地震响应极值分布分析方法. 首先考虑桥梁结构的非线性和地震动的不确定性，采用拉丁超立方抽样对近断层脉冲地震动随机参数和结构随机参数进行随机抽样，通过模拟的高频地震动均方值和与精确值的相对误差确定出所需要的样本数量；其次以合成的近断层脉冲地震动作为地震激励，通过时程分析对结构非线性动力方程进行求解，从而得到结构非线性地震响应极值样本，再采用改进的分数阶矩最大熵原理获得结构非线性地震响应的极值分布；最后通过非线性单自由度系统和三层非线性剪切框架验证了该方法的有效性. 研究结果表明:该方法不仅能够有效的模拟近断层脉冲地震作用时，桥梁结构与地震动双重不确定性影响下的动力响应极值分布，更能在兼顾效率和计算精度时，精确估计桥梁结构非线性地震响应极值的尾部分布，能够为桥梁结构非线性动力可靠度评估提供一种有效的途径.      

大跨度悬索桥静风稳定可靠性分析

基于一次二阶矩可靠度理论和非线性静风稳定性的分析方法,把静风失稳风速、基准风速及风速随机性修正系数作为随机变量,提出了大跨度桥梁静风稳定性可靠度分析方法.以某大跨度悬索桥为工程实例,对不同初始风攻角下的静风失稳进行了可靠性分析,并进一步作了静风失稳可靠度敏感性分析.结果表明：该桥基本上不会发生静风失稳,＋3°;初始攻角工况是该桥发生静风失稳的控制工况,静风失稳可靠度对静风失稳风速最敏感.     

考虑非线性累积损伤的大跨多荷载桥梁的疲劳可靠度评估

针对大跨多荷载桥梁疲劳损伤累积非线性过程中的大量不确定性,对火车、汽车与风荷载作用下的大跨悬索桥,利用连续损伤模型提出了一个疲劳可靠度评估方法.首先,在连续损伤模型基础上,对模型参数进行分析;然后,根据工程应用的需要,适当简化疲劳模型,在连续损伤模型中引入合适的随机变量,定义疲劳可靠度分析的极限状态函数,假定多种未来可能的交通荷载和荷载增长模式,利用蒙特卡洛方法产生随机变量并计算失效概率;最后以香港青马大桥为例,讨论了该桥在不同荷载状况下使用120年后的疲劳失效概率.研究发现:若保持当前的交通状态,桥梁可保持良好状况,但未来交通荷载的快速增长会导致结构提前失效.      

基于累积前景理论的通勤者路径选择模型

为了全面描述决策者在不确定环境下的出行行为,从价值变化和可靠性变化两个方面研究通勤者的路径选择行为及对待风险的态度,提出了基于累积前景理论（CPT）的通勤者路径选择模型.首先推广了两个参考点的CPT,接着根据不确定理论对行程时间进行预算,给出通勤者参考点估计的统一方法,然后构造通勤者的路径选择模型. 最后在一个测试网络上研究可靠度与参考点及可靠度与累积前景值的关系.结果表明,通勤者的参考点可以根据可靠度要求动态设置.出发时刻相同,出行者可靠度要求较高时,风险较低的路径前景值较大;反之可靠度要求较低时,行程时间平均值较小,虽然风险较高的路径前景值也比较大,这一结论与事实相符合.本文所提出的决策模型能够有效地描述通勤者在随机路网中的路径选择行为.     

Degradation Reliability Analysis Based on TOPSIS Model Selection Method

It is necessary to determine the degradation path model of products at first when using the method based on degradation path model to evaluate the degradation reliability of products.At present,the degradation path model is mainly determined by scatter plots of degradation data.However,this method has strong subjectivity and is liable to cause the evaluation results to be inconsistent with the actual situation.In this paper,a degradation reliability analysis method based on TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution)model selection is proposed,and its implementation process is given.The optimal degradation path model is selected according to the calculated proximity.With the help of TOPSIS method,various degradation path models can be selected and quantified,and the original degradation path method can be improved to avoid the risk of errors in product reliability evaluation caused by inaccurate subjective hypothesis,so as to ensure the objectivity and accuracy in the process of model determination.The validity and practicability of the proposed method are verified by the degradation analysis of the injector of a certain type of diesel engine.     

一种改良的联合重要度算法

Hong＆Lie在BimBaum重要度的基础上给出了两个底事件的联合重要度的算法，但是对计算结果分析得知此算法存在不足之处．对此提出了一种改良的联合重要度算法，并用改良前后的两种算法对同一棵故障树的底事件进行联合重要度计算，并将两种算法的计算结果进行对比分析，最终得出结论，改良后的联合重要度算法是合理的．     

Reliability Prediction Method Based on State Space Model for Rolling Element Bearing

Reliability analysis based on equipment’s performance degradation characteristics is one of the significant research areas in reliability research. Nowadays, many researches are carried on multi-sample analysis. But it is limited for a single equipment reliability prediction. Therefore, the method of reliability prediction based on state space model(SSM) is proposed in this research. Feature energy of the monitored signals is extracted with the wavelet packet analysis and the associated frequency band energy with online monitored data. Then,degradation feature is improved by moving average filtering processing taken as input pair model parameter of SSM to be estimated. In the end, state space predicting model of degradation index is established. The probability density distribution of the degradation index is predicted, and the degree of reliability is calculated. A real testing example of bearing is used to demonstrate the rationality and effectiveness of this method. It is a useful method for single sample reliability prediction.     

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为了全面描述决策者在不确定环境下的出行行为,从价值变化和可靠性变化两个方面研究通勤者的路径选择行为及对待风险的态度,提出了基于累积前景理论（CPT）的通勤者路径选择模型。首先推广了两个参考点的CPT,接着根据不确定理论对行程时间进行预算,给出通勤者参考点估计的统一方法,然后构造通勤者的路径选择模型。最后在一个测试网络上研究可靠度与参考点及可靠度与累积前景值的关系。结果表明,通勤者的参考点可以根据可靠度要求动态设置。出发时刻相同,出行者可靠度要求较高时,风险较低的路径前景值较大;反之可靠度要求较低时,行程时间平均值较小,虽然风险较高的路径前景值也比较大,这一结论与事实相符合。本文所提出的决策模型能够有效地描述通勤者在随机路网中的路径选择行为。     

基于GIS的多粒度复杂网络模型

为提高城市路网失效传播分析和可靠性分析的准确性,研究了路网发生故障的3种失效形式.在此基础上,基于复杂网络理论,提出了一种多粒度复杂网络模型;通过构建粒度空间,将城市交通广义路网表达为多粒度复杂路网.为检验模型的有效性,以成都市区路网为例,建立了道路的多粒度复杂网络模型;基于该网络结构,进行了路网失效传播分析以及分别针对随机攻击和蓄意攻击的路网可靠性分析.研究结果表明,城市道路多粒度复杂网络能更准确地进行路网失效传播分析和可靠性分析,为进一步研究城市交通网络故障的动态演化提供了有利条件.     

Numerical simulation to reliability analysis of fault-tolerant repairable system

In the traditional method for the reliability analysis of fault-tolerant system, the system structure is described by means of binary decision diagram (BDD) and Markov process, and then the reliability indexes are calculated. However, as the size of system augments, the size of state space will increase exponentially. Additionally, Markov approach requires that the failure and repair time of the components obey an exponential distribution. In this study, by combining dynamic fault tree (DFT) and numerical simulation based on the minimal sequence cut set (MSCS), a new method to evaluate reliability of fault-tolerant system with repairable components is proposed. The method presented does not depend on Markov model, so that it can effectively solve the problem of the state-space combination explosion. Moreover, it is suitable for systems whose failure and repair time obey an arbitrary distribution. Therefore, our method is more flexible than the traditional method. At last, an example is given to verify the method.     

管片衬砌可靠度分析实用方法研究

由于盾构隧道管片衬砌结构形式的特殊性,可靠度分析中仅采用截面承载力极限状态方程作为功能函数不够全面,故文中提出管片可靠度分析应采用双功能函数,即增选管片裂缝宽度控制方程作为第二功能函数.考虑到随机变量的非正态分布和功能函数的高度非线性,常规一次二阶矩法精度较低,提出采用映射变换和二次二阶矩相结合的方法进行管片衬砌可靠度分析.实例表明：双功能函数相互补充,可保证结构的安全可靠,映射变换和二次二阶矩结合分析法清晰简便,能较好地解决功能函数高度非线性、随机变量非正态分布等问题.     

机械零部件失效相依方向可靠性模型

为判定机械结构系统可靠性工程中相关性失效的相依方向,在线性回归背景下,根据线性相关系数的特性,建立了可靠性变量判定模型.应用Copula回归函数,将该模型扩展到对一般非对称型相关结构可靠性的相关性失效方向判定,并应用于判定机车设备转轴的磨损失效和变形失效相关性失效方向,得到其磨损量偏度系数、变形量偏度系数分别为2.362×10-6和9.665×10-33.研究结果表明,磨损失效占有主导地位,与实际转轴的主要失效形式一致,验证了该模型的有效性.      

失效相关的道路网络系统连通可靠度向量

应用可靠度向量分析方法,研究了具有中介状态的失效相关的城市道路网络系统的连通可靠性.把具有“安全—中介—失效”3种运营状态的单元或系统转化为“安全—非安全”和“非失效—失效”两种工作状态模式来求解路网安全概率和失效概率,从而计算出中介概率.通过实例研究了节点具有可靠度向量的分析方法,又分析了失效相关系数对系统的影响.发现相关失效对道路网系统的可靠度向量影响很大,要提高可靠度的话必须尽可能的降低相关程度,就需要尽量降低破坏事件对周边影响的扩大,减少受影响路径单元个数.该方法能够全面描速道路网运营状态,并且考虑了单元相关性,符合实际,具有一定的理论和应用价值.