汽车操纵性评价的发展、研究意义与墓本问题

综述了国内外汽车操纵性的评价方法及其发展过程．并介绍了驾驶员—汽车—道路闭环操纵系统操纵性评价研究的意义，还阐述了汽车操纵性评价中的基本问题，以及今后仍需大量深入进行的工作内容。     

汽车操纵性评价的发展,研究意义与基本问题

综述阵内外汽车操纵性的评价方法及其发展过程，并介绍了驾驶员一汽车－道路闭环操纵系统操纵性评价研究的意义，还阐述了汽车操纵性评价中的基本问题，以及今后仍需大量深入进行的工作内容。     

汽车操纵性和稳定性的联合优化

在二自由度汽车操纵动力学模型和汽车开环系统操纵性、稳定性评价指标的基础上，提出了同时考虑汽车操纵性和稳定性的加权操纵稳定性评价指标，以及考虑各种车速重要性的加权均匀操纵稳定性评价指标。应用复合形法，对汽车操纵性和稳定性进行的联合优化实例表明，利用所提出的加权均匀操纵稳定性评价指标，可以有效地实现汽车操纵性和稳定性在所有车速范围内的优化。     

汽车操纵稳定性的理论预测与综合评价

本文建立了人-车-路闭环系统模型。计算了双移线及蛇行道路输入时14种车辆方案的理论综合评价指标。根据驾驶员的主观评价对其进行相关检验。利用本文提出的理论预测评价模型和综合评价指标。可对汽车结构设计参数和控制参数进行优化，改善汽车的操纵性能，提高汽车的主动安全性。     

汽车操纵稳定性的模拟器闭环评价与试验方法

本文以汽车操纵稳定性的闭环评价为目的，利用吉林大学汽车动态模拟国家重点实验室的开发型驾驶模拟器（ADSL驾驶拟器）进行了汽车操纵稳定性的闭环试验研究。提出汽车操纵稳定性的评价应是包含驾驶员在内的闭环系统评价，并建立了汽车操纵稳定性的模拟器闭环试验方法，利用模拟器试验对汽车操纵稳定性综合评价指标的合理性进行了验证。     

汽车操纵稳定性的研究与评价

综述了汽车操纵稳定性研究和评价的历史、现状和存在的问题，着重介绍了客观测量评价、主观评价、人一车闭环系统的综合评价和模拟器评价等几种评价方法。汽车操纵稳定性很多研究还处于探索和完善阶段。目前还没有公认的评价标准，对驾驶员模型、人一车闭环系统的研究有助于促进汽车操纵稳定性评价指标和评价方法的统一。     

汽车操纵稳定性研究方法探讨

本文综述了操稳性研究和评价的历史、现状和存在的问题，着重介绍了客观评价、主观评价、人一车闭环系统综合评价等几种评价方法，以及基于汽车-驾驶员-环境（道路）闭环系统、模糊逻辑控制等几种研究方法。提出了操稳性研究的发展趋势，这对全面了解汽车操纵稳定性问题具有指导和借鉴的作用。     

人—车—路闭环操纵系统主动安全性的综合评价与优化设计

在人—车—路闭环操纵系统模型研究,并考虑了影响汽车操纵主动安全性的各种因素的基础上,提出物理意义明确的各个单项评价指标。应用频域统计分析方法,提出闭环系统主动安全性的综合评价与优化设计方法。结合实例说明这种优化设计方法的应用。     

驾驶员轨迹决策行为影响因素的仿真研究

通过分析包括前方道路可行区域、驾驶员体力负担及道路交通法规在内的众多因素对驾驶员开车的影响，利用模糊决策理论建立了驾驶安全性、驾驶轻便性和驾驶合法性3个评价指标，并进行了在几种典型路况下的驾驶员-汽车-道路闭环系统仿真计算，有效地描述了驾驶员在开车时动态决策汽车预期轨迹的行为。     

驾驶员—汽车闭环系统操纵运动的预瞄最优曲率模型

当前汽车操纵稳定性研究中遇到的基本难题之一,是操纵稳定性的评价指标问题。要解决这一关键问题就必须研究包括驾驶员行为规律在内的闭环系统模型。本文提出一种建立驾驶员—汽车闭环系统的“预瞄最优曲率法”。这种方法的模拟结果与试验结果相当一致。值得注意的是这种方法所得到的模型与作者在另一篇论文中提出的建立在泰勒展开式的基础上的“预瞄跟随器”模型是完全一致的。所提供方法可以从理论上识别系统的结构和驾驶员的参数,如开环增益,各个反馈系统和校正微分常数和前视时间等。     

Handling Safety Simulation of Driver-Vehicle Closed-Loop System with Evolutionary Random Road Input

The response simulation is studied and the handling safety is evaluated using finer integration method for driver-vehicle closed-loop system with stationary random road input. This algorithm is not only precise, but can also shorten the evaluation period of handling safety and reduce the tremendous cost for real vehicle testing. The response simulation and the vehicle handling safety evaluation are also studied for the closed-loop system with evolutionary random road input. The study can more truly simulate vehicle handling quality for including the varying of vehicle velocity with time.     

Handling Safety Simulation of Driver-Vehicle Closed-Loop System with Evolutionary Random Road Input

The response simulation is studied and the handling safety is evaluated using finer integration method for driver-vehicle closed-loop system with stationary random road input. This algorithm is not only precise, but can also shorten the evaluation period of handling safety and reduce the tremendous cost for real vehicle testing. The response simulation and the vehicle handling safety evaluation are also studied for the closed-loop system with evolutionary random road input. The study can more truly simulate vehicle handling quality for including the varying of vehicle velocity with time.     

Sensitivity of Driver-Vehicle Performance to Vehicle Characteristics Revealed in Open-loop Tests

The advantages of being able to objectively specify desirable vehicle handling characteristics, which can be determined without recourse to closed-loop tests on a prototype vehicle, are widely recognised. This paper reviews the studies that have attempted to find a relationship between closed-loop task performance, and driver subjective opinion, and various steady-state and transient characteristics revealed in open-loop tests of the vehicle. It is found that the level of definition of these relationships is not sufficient to justify mandatory regulations for vehicle design. However, the basic requirements for steering control sensitivity, and the rapidity and stability of the fixed-control dynamic response of vehicles in normal manoeuvres, are beginning to emerge. Data are particularly lacking for the closed-loop effects of vehicle sideslipping characteristics, free-control responses and vehicle behaviour in limit manoeuvres.     

Handling qualities evaluation method based on actual driver characteristics

The present study proposes an objective handling qualities evaluation method using driver-in-the-loop analysis. The driving simulator experiments were performed for various driving conditions, drivers and vehicle dynamics. The response characteristics of the driver model and the closed-loop system were analyzed. The analysis revealed the driving strategies clearly, indicating the importance of closed-loop analysis. Using the identified driver model and its strategies, a cost function of the handling qualities was constructed. The cost function can be used to estimate the handling qualities analytically from the vehicle dynamics. The proposed method was validated by comparison with the handling qualities evaluation rated by the driver's comments.     

Handling qualities evaluation method based on actual driver characteristics

The present study proposes an objective handling qualities evaluation method using driver-in-the-loop analysis. The driving simulator experiments were performed for various driving conditions, drivers and vehicle dynamics. The response characteristics of the driver model and the closed-loop system were analyzed. The analysis revealed the driving strategies clearly, indicating the importance of closed-loop analysis. Using the identified driver model and its strategies, a cost function of the handling qualities was constructed. The cost function can be used to estimate the handling qualities analytically from the vehicle dynamics. The proposed method was validated by comparison with the handling qualities evaluation rated by the driver's comments.     

开发试验中整车性能的加权综合评价及其应用

在汽车的开发过程中,采用加权综合评价方法,对汽车的各项指标（主观评价指标和客观评价指标）进行加权综合评价,将多项评价指标综合成一个能从整体上衡量指标相对优劣的单一指标,即线性加权和Ei-o根据Ei值的大小,判断汽车综合指标相对目标车综合指标的优劣。     

Modelling of Driver/Vehicle Directional Control System

Abstract

Different driver models and driver/vehicle/road closed-loop directional control systems are reviewed and compared. Evaluation methods of vehicle handling quality based on closed-loop system dynamics, stability of the closed-loop system, and optimization of vehicle design are discussed.