含第二次碰撞的车对车碰撞事故模拟计算模型研究

本文介绍了根据现场痕迹即可含第二次碰撞的车对车碰撞事故进行分析与再现的计算模型，为此模型对日本汽车研究所提供的５例实车碰撞试验进行了计算模拟，结果基本一致。     

车辆实车碰撞试验的模拟再现

简述了根据碰撞现场检测数据即可对车对车碰撞事故计算碰撞车速及再现碰撞车辆举动的计算机模拟系统，用此系统对１１例实车碰撞试验进行计算与模拟再现，计算模拟结果与试验记录结果一致。     

首例国产Car to Car碰撞测试

8月．广州本田在国家汽车质量监督检验中心（长春）举行了雅阁／奥德赛Car to Car车对车碰撞试验．这也是国内首次进行的车对车碰撞试验结果如何？为什么采用Car to Car的形式？本文将为您详细阐述。[编者按]     

车对车斜角碰撞中灵敏因子的探究和约束系统的优化EI北大核心CSCD

为寻找对斜角碰撞中有显著影响的约束系统参数,建立了SUV、中型车和小型车的驾驶员约束系统模型,采用均匀拉丁方方法进行试验设计,利用T检验筛选出不同车型车对车斜角碰撞中的灵敏因子,并针对灵敏因子进行了考虑车对车碰撞兼容性的约束系统优化。结果表明,车对车斜角碰撞中3种车型的灵敏因子大致相同;与每辆车单独优化相比,采用碰撞两车WIC值之和最小作为优化目标,除能有效减少目标车和同伴车的损伤值外,还可获得更好的车对车碰撞兼容性;不同车型在车对车斜角碰撞中的约束系统参数优化趋势有所不同,但仍有一定的共性,即优化一般会导致气体气囊质量流率的增加和安全带限力级别的降低。     

我国开展汽车车碰撞试验的探讨

汽车实车碰撞试验，是综合评价汽车碰撞安全性的最基本、最有效的。京城 这方面，美国、欧洲汽车工业发达国家起步较早。６０年初，就着手碰撞试验研究，经过３０年的工作，建立了碰撞试验法规体系、日本是当今世界汽车工业发达国家之一，实车碰撞展开滞后美国，欧洲１０上左右，在研究美国、欧洲标准法规的基础上，逐步建立了自己的实车碰撞法规和试验方法，我国的汽车工业经过４０年的，已具有一定规模。预计到２０００年，国内的     

汽车正面碰撞有限限元仿真模拟

介绍了汽车车身开发中应用高度非线性有限元方法对车身结构碰撞历程进行数值仿真研究工作的概况，对碰撞仿真的技术细节进行了深入的研究。碰撞仿真分析是确保车辆拥有良好碰撞性能的一种重要方法。与实车碰撞试验结果相比，吻合较好。     

燃料电池车高压储氢系统碰撞安全设计与分析

针对燃料电池车氢系统碰撞试验的方法,从试验和理论的手段进行氢系统结构碰撞安全性研究.通过研究和分析国内外汽车安全测试法规,确定了氢系统碰撞试验的测试方法及评价氢系统碰撞安全性的方法.最后,经实车碰撞试验验证,该系统的安全设计满足整车碰撞要求.     

车辆碰撞事故解析计算中主要影响因素的误差界定

基于１６起车对车实车碰撞试验数据，应用车辆碰撞模拟软件对车碰撞事故计算中的所用轮胎模型及地面摩擦系数等主要因素在求解碰撞车速时的影响情况进行了计算分析，从而定量界定了各自可能引起的误差程度。     

汽车正面碰撞有限元仿真模拟

介绍了汽车车身开发中应用高度非线性有限元方法对车身结构碰撞历程进行数值仿真研究工作的概况,对碰撞仿真的技术细节进行了深入的研究。碰撞仿真分析是确保车辆拥有良好碰撞性能的一种重要方法,与实车碰撞试验结果相比,吻合较好。     

两种正面碰撞试验中后排女性假人伤害对比研究

对包含A级车、B级车和SUV车型在内的11款乘用车分别进行了2012版C-NCAP中正面全宽和偏置两种碰撞试验.通过对后排女性假人试验结果进行比较分析得出,乘用车两种碰撞试验形态下的后排女性假人各性能指标值十分相近,但得分普遍较低.其中,只有头部可能出现满分,颈部和胸部得零分的概率较高.得分低的主要原因是碰撞过程中下潜现象的发生.     

Design,manufacturing and evaluation of glass/polyester composite crash structures for lightweight vehicles

The development and validation of a modular composite impact structure is presented in the present paper. Quasi-static and dynamic impact tests of the composite components and a full frontal crash test of a vehicle prototype with composite impact structures manufactured by a new UV-pultrusion process have been performed. The results have demonstrated the feasibility of composite impact structures for crash applications with high specific energy absorption values compared with current metallic crash structures. Furthermore, due to the high production capacity of this new manufacturing process, cost-effective composite impact structures for mass-production of conventional cars may be feasible. Finally, a multimaterial numerical model as design tool for crashworthiness applications has also been validated. Different accelerations measured in the crash test have been accurately predicted as well as the crash behaviour of the composite impact structures.     

从道路交通事故研究看我国汽车正面碰撞法规试验形式

基于我国道路交通深度事故调查中所得数据,从碰撞位置与重叠率、碰撞速度和人员伤亡等方面,分析100%重叠率刚性固定壁障碰撞试验和40%重叠率偏置可变形壁障碰撞试验与我国交通事故形态和人员伤害与特征的关联度.讨论现有正面碰撞法规的试验形式的局限性,并论证了将偏置正面碰撞推荐性标准纳入我国正面碰撞强制性标准体系的必要性和紧迫性.     

电动汽车正面碰撞试验技术研究与分析

针对电动汽车结构特点和特性,总结和分析了国内外电动汽车正面碰撞试验相对应的电安全法规和标准,提出了电动汽车正面碰撞试验程序和评价方法。进行了电动汽车的实车正面碰撞试验,验证了试验程序和评价方法,比较和分析了原型车和电动汽车的碰撞试验结果,揭示电动汽车在正面碰撞形式下的碰撞特性,以及现行安全标准中存在的问题。     

Vehicle crashworthiness in full and offset frontal impact tests

In the JNCAP, both full and offset frontal impact tests are performed. The crashworthiness and injury parameters in both tests were examined. Scores in both crash tests are strongly affected by chest and tibia injury criteria. Some cars score well on both tests, while others have poor scores in the offset impact tests because of the large intrusion into the passenger compartment. With the introduction of offset frontal impact tests, the stiffness of the passenger compartment has generally increased, but the force levels of the front structure have not always increased.     

车辆与弯道混凝土护栏碰撞的动态数值模拟及试验

对车辆与弯道混凝土护栏碰撞动态数值模拟结果和实车足尺碰撞试验结果进行对比分析，从车辆行驶轨迹、乘员冲击加速度以及车辆损伤形态3个方面，验证了动态数值模拟的准确性，并分析了弯道混凝土护栏曲线半径对乘员碰撞过程中所承受冲击加速度的影响；得到乘员风险的最不利护栏半径。结果表明：有限元仿真是进行汽车护栏碰撞研究的有效方法；弯道处护栏的形式对碰撞时乘员的安全有很大影响。     

Fracture properties of aluminum foam crash box

This study investigates the compression property experiment to examine impact absorption when aluminum foam is applied to crash box in order to absorb impact energy in car crash with low speed. The result of compression property experiment shows that case 6, which involves the buckling that collapses into 5-layer structure, is the best model with regard to impact absorption. This study analyzes impact characteristics according to the structure of crash box which influences such factors as damage and safety of vehicles. As the simulation result can be agreed with experimental graph, all experimental data at this study are verified. These experimental results can be applied into real field effectively. It also proposes the effective design to improve impact performance by analyzing the property of crash box through its compressive test.     

不同形式的汽车正面碰撞试验研究及分析

论述国际上几种典型的汽车正面碰撞试验的形式和方法,通过对同一车型和不同车型的碰撞试验假人的伤害指标、车身变形、车身加速度等方面的分析,揭示汽车在不同正面碰撞形式下的碰撞特性,以及现行试验方法存在的问题。     

考虑损伤下的汽车吸能盒轴向压缩特性研究

用有限元软件ABAQUS对钢质、铝合金质吸能盒的吸能特性进行对比研究，采用不同的损伤模型模拟材料的变形行为，比较了两种吸能盒轴向压缩距离、变形模式、评价指标的变化特性。结果表明，数值模拟下吸能盒的轴向压缩距离和变形模式与试验结果吻合。在冲击速度为10 m/s的低速碰撞下，铝合金质吸能盒吸收的能量与钢质吸能盒相比减少了6%；钢质吸能盒的吸能效率为35.5 kJ/mm，比铝合金质吸能盒高。铝合金质吸能盒相较于钢质吸能盒在压缩过程中形成了明显的折叠褶皱，边缘处材料失效，单元被移除。吸能盒的评价指标中铝合金质吸能盒的比吸能 （SEA）、峰值碰撞力 （PCF） 均比钢质吸能盒更优，钢质吸能盒的吸能量 （EA）、平均碰撞力 （MCF） 比铝合金质吸能盒更优。铝合金相比钢更适合作为中低速碰撞时车用吸能盒的材料。     

Development and validation of side-impact crash and sled testing finite-element models

Side-impact collisions are the second leading cause of death and injury in the traffic accidents after frontal crashes. Side-impact airbags, side door bars and other protection techniques have been developed to provide occupant protection. To confirm the effectiveness of protection equipment installed in vehicles, studying the degree of impact is fundamental to understand the effect of automobile collisions on the human body. Therefore, the dynamic response of the human body to traffic accidents should be analyzed to reduce the level of occupant injuries. Generally, the experimental method is complex and expensive. Recently, numerical crash simulations have provided a valuable tool for automotive engineers. This work presents full-scale and sled side-impact test finite-element (FE) models - based on the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 214 - that simulate a side-impact accident. The crash simulations utilized the LS-DYNA finite-element code. The human body's dynamic response to crashes is discussed herein. Additionally, occupant injuries were measured. To verify the accuracy of the proposed crash test and sled test FE models, simulation results are compared with those obtained from experimental tests. The comparison results indicate that the proposed crash test and sled test FE models have considerable potential for assessing a vehicle's crash safety performance and assisting future development of safety technologies.