隔离式减振垫仿真分析

隔离式道床垫作为一种新型的轨道减振产品,近年来,在国铁和城市轨道交通建设中得到了广泛的应用。本文通过建立隔离式减振垫的有限元模型,研究其固有频率和动力学响应,分析隔离式道床垫的减振性能,为实现减振轨道结构的合理选用提供参考。     

小半径曲线下聚氨酯减振垫浮置板轨道减振性能的测试分析

目前,对于减振垫浮置板轨道的动力性能评价,主要选取直线段轨道进行研究.对于曲线段(尤其是小半径曲线段)减振垫浮置板轨道的减振性能鲜有涉及.本文以深圳地铁小半径(R=450 m)曲线段聚氨酯减振垫浮置板轨道为例,对聚氨酯减振垫浮置板轨道和普通整体道床进行了现场振动测试,在时域和频域内分析了隧道壁垂向振动加速度.结果表明:在小半径曲线段,聚氨酯减振垫浮置板轨道的减振效果仍旧明显.较于普通整体道床,聚氨酯减振垫浮置板轨道减振频段主要为4～8 Hz以及25～200 Hz,且在25～200 Hz频段内更为显著,减振量值范围为3.2～23.9 dB.但是,钢轨垂向最大位移约为普通整体道床的2倍,这主要由于降低轨下支撑刚度所致.     

深圳市地铁车辆段上盖物业减振降噪措施及效果分析

根据深圳地铁1号线前海湾车辆段和地铁3号线横岗车辆段调研和实测,对比其采取的减振降噪措施并进行分析。通过对各种减振与降噪措施进行综合比较,得出车辆段减振降噪相应的措施,使列车运行的振动和噪声不对上盖物业造成明显影响。     

城市轨交减振轨道结构技术经济分析

采用减振轨道结构是有效控制城市轨交振动和噪声的重要途径。概述了国内城市轨交常见的减振轨道结构类型,分析了影响轨道结构造价的几个因素。采用费用分解的方式计算特定工程条件下各类减振轨道结构的综合造价指标,对减振轨道结构的技术经济进行分析比较,提出在工程前期阶段明确落实轨道减振措施对工程投资控制的重要性。     

深圳地铁塘朗车辆段上盖物业开发轨道减振降噪措施研究

针对深圳地铁5号线塘朗车辆段上盖物业开发的减振降噪问题，根据车辆段轨道振动和噪声源、以及振动和噪声值的预测成果，对各种减振与降噪措施进行综合比较，因地制宜地提出车辆段轨道的减振降噪措施，使列车运行的振动和噪声对上盖物业的影响达到环保要求，可供类似工程参考和借鉴。     

城市轨道交通特大跨钢桥轨道结构选型分析

针对城市轨道交通特大跨钢桥轨道结构选型问题,结合国内外特大跨钢桥轨道应用情况,分析了特大跨钢桥对轨道结构的特殊要求,并对有砟轨道和无砟轨道应用于特大跨钢桥上的适用性进行比较。以重庆环线鹅公岩大桥轨道专用桥为例,分析了有砟轨道和减振垫浮置板无砟轨道在钢桥上应用的影响因素。通过比较得出特大跨钢桥适宜采用无砟轨道型式的结论。     

人行桥减振的控制方法分析

以人行桥共振现象为依托,简要地分析阐述了人行桥减振的控制方法,即直接加黏滞阻尼器和丁MD减振控制系统,其中对丁MD减振控制系统的原理和技术做了详细分析,通过丁MD的工作原理可知,产品最终自振频率的准确性将决定其减振作用效果的大小。实际工程中,如果其振动频率与对应调节的结构振动频率相差较多,减振效果将大为缩减,甚至起到反作用。     

硬岩地质城市地铁爆破减振控制技术

通过对青岛地铁3号线区间暗挖隧道下穿建构筑物爆破减振控制技术方案的优化,总结出城市地铁爆破减振控制技术,为硬岩地质条件下城市地铁暗挖爆破施工积累经验。     

地铁振动传递特性实测与分析

目前我国城市轨道交通在快速发展，随之带来的地铁隧道振动噪声问题也受到广泛关注。地铁车辆在运行时产生的振动会经道床、隧道壁等传播至地面上方建筑物，这种振动和噪声会对居民的生活、工作和休息产生影响。为掌握地铁隧道曲线段高峰期振动传播规律，对某市地铁4号线某区段隧道内及地面和室内振动进行现场测试。基于实测结果，在时、频域内分析研究地铁隧道曲线段高峰期列车引起的振动传播规律，为后续减振降噪措施提供依据。在选定试验区段的基础上，选取1个地下截面进行隧道振动、轮轨力、位移测试、浮置板固有频率测试，地上测试选择与截面对应的地面进行高峰时段垂向振动加速度测试。结果表明：钢轨与道床的振动总极值基本相差不大，而振动衰减最大的位置是在于浮置板道床向隧道壁传递，衰减大约40dB(Z)，其次是隧道壁向地面的振动衰减，大约为20dB(Z)。振动由室外向室内传递过程基本变化不大。     

中船重工725所首创可更换式轨交减振道床系统

2013年6月9日，由国家千人计划专家、中船重工725所王安斌博士负责的“轨交高性能减振道床系统关键技术研究特高端项目”在河南洛阳通过了技术鉴定。专家一致认为，该项目打破国外技术垄断，属世界首创，其减振降噪水平国际领先。同日，该课题中的高等减振项目谐振式浮轨扣件也通过了成果鉴定。     

隧道爆破减震技术措施研究

文章以重庆市轨道交通三号线一期工程华新街-观音桥区间隧道爆破开挖工程为例,从爆破振动效应的产生及其影响因素的理论分析入手,结合工程实践中爆破振动效应实际测试结果,对隧道爆破减震问题进行系统的综合研究,得出一系列相应的隧道爆破施工减震技术措施。     

The effect of railway local irregularities on ground vibration

The environmental effects of ground-borne vibrations generated due to localised railway defects is a growing concern in urban areas. Frequency domain modelling approaches are well suited for predicting vibration levels on standard railway lines due to track periodicity. However, when considering individual, non-periodic, localised defects (e.g. a rail joint), frequency domain modelling becomes challenging. Therefore in this study, a previously validated, time domain, three-dimensional ground vibration prediction model is modified to analyse such defects. A range of different local (discontinuous) rail and wheel irregularity are mathematically modelled, including: rail joints, switches, crossings and wheel flats. Each is investigated using a sensitivity analysis, where defect size and vehicle speed is varied. To quantify the effect on railroad ground-borne vibration levels, a variety of exposure–response relationships are analysed, including: peak particle velocity, maximum weighted time-averaged velocity and weighted decibel velocity. It is shown that local irregularities cause a significant increase in vibration in comparison to a smooth track, and that the vibrations can propagate to greater distances from the line. Furthermore, the results show that step-down joints generate the highest levels of vibration, whereas wheel flats generate much lower levels. It is also found that defect size influences vibration levels, and larger defects cause greater vibration. Lastly, it is shown that for different defect types, train speed effects are complex, and may cause either an increase or decrease in vibration levels.     

Assessing the CO2 impact of current and future rail track in the UK

This paper investigates the CO₂ impact of current and future UK rail track and estimates the material, process and transport emissions associated with construction, maintenance and end-of-life activities for designs at high and low traffic loads. Analysis shows that for current track configurations, track with concrete sleepers has the lowest CO₂ impact, followed by steel, hardwood and softwood. Several potential future rail track designs have been analysed including embedded rail and double and quadruple-headed rail. All future track designs have a lower impact than current designs, but this improvement is more marked at high traffic loads. Up to a 40% reduction in CO₂ impact could be achieved if the UK rail network was to move from conventional track design to a double-headed embedded rail design. Key levers for reducing the CO₂ impact of track are identified as service life extension, traffic load reduction and the selection of low impact track designs.     

Field investigation and parametric study of greenhouse gas emissions from railway plain-line renewals

Railway transportation is becoming increasingly important in many parts of the world for mass transport of passengers and freight. This study was prompted by the industry’s need to systemically estimate greenhouse gas emissions from railway construction and maintenance activities. In this paper, the emphasis is placed on plain-line railway maintenance and renewal projects. The objective of this study was to reduce the uncertainties and assumptions of previous studies based on ballasted track maintenance and renewal projects. A field-based data collection was carried out on plain-line ballasted track renewals. The results reveal that the emissions from the materials contribute more than nine times the CO₂-e emissions than the machines used in the renewal projects. The results show that extending the lifespan of rail infrastructure assets through maintenance is beneficial in terms of reducing CO₂-e emissions. Analysis was then carried out using the field data. Then the results were compared to two ballastless track alternatives. The results show that CO₂-e emissions per metre from ballasted track were the least overall, however, the maintenance CO₂-e emissions are greater than those of ballastless tracks over the infrastructure lifespan, with ballasted track maintenance emitting more CO₂-e emissions at the 30 and 60 year intervals and the end of life when compared to the ballastless track types. The outcome of the study can provide decision makers, construction schedulers, environmental planners and project planners with reasonably accurate GHG emission estimates that can be used to plan, forecast and reduce emissions for plain-line renewal projects.     

Reasonable scheduling for arrival–departure track operations in railway stations

We analyze the train types handled at a section station and the factors affecting the scheduling of the arrival–departure track operation, using the following conditions as our optimization goals: operating the arrival–departure tracks in accordance with a fixed operation scheme, and reducing the influence which the departing–receiving operations impose on shunting operations. We establish a 0–1 integer programming model for formulating a track operation plan. By applying modern sequencing theory, this is transformed into a fixed sequencing model of special parallel machines. We then design a heuristic algorithm to solve the model. Finally, the example of Yiyang railway station is used to verify the advantages of the model and the algorithm. A better operation plan is obtained using MATLAB 7.0 by applying the model and the algorithm provided in the paper, indicating the superiority of our study’s approach.     

盾构隧道整体道床剥离病害规律研究北大核心CSCD

盾构隧道整体道床的剥离病害已严重影响地铁的安全运营。为研究整体道床剥离病害的规律,文章以国内某运营地铁线路为工程背景,建立整体道床-管片-注浆层数值模型进行分析研究。结果表明:列车轮组作用在道床一侧靠近伸缩缝位置时会引起较大的道床剥离变形,是最不利位置;列车荷载在振动作用下引起的剥离量远大于静载作用时的,且两者间存在函数关系;伸缩缝位置是最易发生剥离的区域,剥离首先发生在伸缩缝两侧边缘,随列车动载作用时间增加,剥离区域扩展至伸缩缝1.5 m范围内;注浆层刚度与接触面黏结强度均是影响剥离量的重要因素,提升注浆层刚度和道床-管片接触面的黏结强度可有效减少剥离量。     

Prediction of ground vibration amplitudes due to urban railway traffic using quantitative and qualitative field data

The growth of railway transport in urban areas has lead to an increase in ground vibrations enhancing their negative environmental impact. Therefore is mandatory to predict and control ground vibrations. This work presents a methodology for the determination of prediction models of ground vibration amplitudes due to railway train circulation in urban environments. Using quantitative predictors (train speed and distance) and qualitative predictors (railway track type, dominant geology and building type), being the use of the latter predictors justified by the fact that, most frequently, quantitative parameters are very difficult to obtain in the urban environment due to their characterization. Thus, a detailed statistical study based on the proposal and validation of multiple linear regression models, is successfully applied in order to predict vibration amplitudes produced by railway train circulation, in the considered domain, as function of quantitative and qualitative predictors, easily obtained in field work. A multiple linear regression model for ground vibration prediction due to underground railway traffic has been presented for the Lisbon area.     

Non-exhaust particle emissions under various driving conditions: Implications for sustainable mobility

Non-exhaust particle (NEP) emissions from road traffic contribute significantly to Particulate Matter (PM) pollution in urban areas. The primary objective herein is to develop the knowledge required to move toward more sustainable mobility. NEP emissions are studied by means of complementary experiments on chassis dynamometers, on test tracks and at the roadside. Laboratory tests demonstrate that brake wear particles (BWP) emissions can change with braking force and frequency. A brake pad temperature threshold exists, above which the rate of ultrafine particle emissions is quite high. Below this threshold, the BWP emissions are dominant in the accumulation and coarse modes. Test track measurements have demonstrated that tire-road contact particle (TRCP) emissions considerably modify the atmospheric PM background especially for the supermicron fraction. Their number size distribution highlighted an ultrafine and accumulation modes centered at about 40 nm and 200 nm, respectively. The TRCP level increases with vehicle speed and during the acceleration and deceleration phases. Roadside measurements in the urban environment confirm the presence of NEP in significant proportions, in both the accumulation and coarse modes. The chemical composition of NEP differs depending on the size mode: BWP mainly stem from the degradation of brake pad lining materials, while TRCP are a mixture of tire tread wear and re-suspended dust. The presence of Fe-rich particles nevertheless serves as a good indicator of the NEP contribution to PM at the roadside. Lastly, in considering the parameters influencing NEP emissions, a series of recommendations are offered in order to achieve a more sustainable mobility.     

Experimental testing and simulations of speed variations impact on fuel consumption of conventional gasoline passenger cars

Speed variations are considered as an alternative for reducing fuel consumption during the use phase of passenger cars. It explores vehicle engine operating zones with lower fuel consumption, thus making possible a reduction in fuel consumption when compared to constant speed operation. In this paper, we present an evaluation of two conditions of speed variations: 50–70 km/h and 90–110 km/h using numerical simulations and controlled tests. The controlled tests performed on a test track by a professional pilot show that a reduction in fuel consumption is achievable with a conventional gasoline passenger car, with no adaptations for realizing speed variations. Numerical simulations based on a backward quasi-static powertrain model are used to evaluate the potential of speed variations for reducing fuel consumption in other speed variation conditions. When deceleration is performed with gear in neutral position, simulations show that speed variations are always correlated to a lower fuel consumption. This was suspected through previous numerical tests or evaluation on test bench but not in controlled tests conditions.