城市公共交通发展的交通成本分析

本文在对城市交通成本分析的基础上,对城市私人交通和公共交通的交通成本进行了比较,从经济学的角度分析了交通成本对城市公共交通发展的影响,继而提出了发展城市公共交通的效益所在;从城市交通的可持续发展、平衡利用能源和加强环境保护的角度论述和探讨了通过城市交通社会成本内部化来促进城市公共交通的发展,并提出了相应的对策。     

交通项目建设占用耕地耕作层土壤剥离与利用技术研究

随着《广西高速公路网规划(2018—2030年)》的实施,全区交通建设如火如荼地有序推进中,研究表土剥离再利用的经济技术可行性,有效提高交通建设项目实施过程中剥离建设永久用地占用耕地表土用于交通沿线土地综合整治、土地复垦的效益成了研究的热点问题。文章通过对龙胜-峒中口岸公路龙胜芙蓉至县城段项目的实地调研,对其表土剥离进行方案设计研究,结果表明:耕作层土壤质量较好,养分较均衡,土壤肥力属高水平的耕地表层土壤,剥离其表土用于保障该交通沿线土地综合整治、土地复垦工作,从经济成本、现实考量而言是可行的。     

交通建设项目资金监管模式探讨

文章通过对交通建设项目资金的特点分析,提出实施资金集中监管核算模式,实现对项目建设资金的全方位、全过程监控,盘活存量资金,提高建设资金的使用效率和效益,节约建设成本。     

关于城市轨道交通中期评估工作的思考与建议

开展城市轨道交通中期评估是国家发改基础[2015]49号文明确提出的要求,通过总结轨道交通建设的经验与不足,指导后续城市轨道交通建设,对城市轨道交通健康可持续发展具有重要意义。开展城市轨道交通中期评估,重点评估的内容包括实施方案的符合性、实施程序的合规性、资金落实和保障情况、外部条件(管理、政策、人才等)的保障性、规划实施效果分析等,并对规划项目完成时间作出预测。做好中期评估工作需把握好开展评估的时机,理顺评估工作程序,做好评估报告编制。中期评估涵盖内容多、涉及部门多,需要政府、企业等相关各方齐心协力并实事求是才能做好此项工作。     

基于GIS与情报板发布的高速公路智能交通诱导系统

针对高速公路的交通诱导,文章提出一种基于GIS与情报板发布的智能交通诱导系统应用模式。该系统通过地理信息系统(GIS)与情报板自动发布技术的运用,结合广西高速公路管理的需求与应急处理机制,形成高效自动化的智能交通诱导体系。同时,依托工程项目进行了系统的应用与创新分析,可为未来广西高速公路的智能信息化建设提供新的思路。     

Thiopave温拌改性沥青在重载交通路面工程中的应用研究

文章针对HMA重载交通路面的主要破坏特征,通过对Thiopave改性沥青路用性能的研究,开展了Thiopave温拌改性沥青混合料配合比设计与优化,并将其应用于试验路铺筑中。通过效果评估分析,发现用Thiopave温拌改性沥青处治重载交通特殊路段,具有在技术上、经济上和环境上的可行性,同时还具有施工简单、不增加施工成本等优点。     

深圳市货运交通组织规划研究

本文系统分析深圳市过境、疏港、干线货运交通现状特征及存在问题,提出货运交通组织"三分离"实施策略,制定了全市货运交通总体规划方案,并对规划效果进行了评估。     

关于广西公路建设投融资体系的构想

“十一五”期间,广西经济社会的发展对交通提出了更新更高的要求,要保证“十一五”期间交通发展规划的顺利实施,必须坚持“多条腿走路、多轮子滚动”,多渠道筹措交通建设资金。文章对广西公路建设投融资方式进行了分析,研究现行方式的局限性,提出了几种创新的融资方式。     

中国-东盟自由贸易区对广西交通发展的影响与对策研究

文章通过对现代交通与区域经济的互动发展研究,分析了广西交通的现状,提出了现阶段广西利用后发交通优势和中国一东盟自贸区建设机遇对交通进行重新布局与构建的发展思路,并针对发展过程中的制约因素提出相应的对策。     

中国-东盟互联互通视阀下的广西交通外宣翻译研究

文章基于广西与东盟十国在交通领域的合作与交流实际,分析了广西交通外宣翻译存在的问题,提出在中国-东盟互联互通视阀下整体构建广西交通外宣翻译体系的相关策略.     

Financing urban rail projects: The case of Los Angeles

This paper describes the potential use of the financing strategy of value capture or benefit assessment for an urban mass transportation project. The paper describes the legal background to the use of benefit assessment, and the process of implementation for the first construction phase of the Los Angeles Metro Rail project. The process of developing the benefit assessment structure was a consultative one, utilizing technical inputs from a team of specialist consultants, a task force consisting of major developers and property owners in the affected area, and politicians representing many of the interests in the region. The initial benefit assessment districts were set up to raise $130 million of the cost of the first 4.4 miles of the rail project, and are based on the benefits accruing to certain categories of property in the vicinity of stations. The assessment would be collected for about 18 years and bonding would be used to provide the capital at the time of construction.The paper describes the procedure for setting boundaries, the structuring of the assessment rates, the definition of benefiting properties, and the uses and tenure of the assessment. In almost all cases, the theory of value capture indicated a different result than was achieved from a consensus of the task force, and the nature of these differences is explored in the paper. The establishment of the benefit assessment districts withstood early court challenges, but has subsequently been appealed and was overturned on appeal. Action is pending with the Supreme Court currently, and efforts are also underway to pass new legislation to deal with some of the issues raised in the court proceedings.     

Testing a Framework for the Efficiency Assessment of Road Safety Measures

Abstract

The objective of this research is to develop and test a framework for efficiency assessment of road safety measures and evaluate its use in decision‐making. An exhaustive review of standard methodologies and practices related to cost‐effectiveness and cost–benefit analyses is carried out for that purpose. Moreover, a number of case studies are performed, concerning the efficiency assessment of various road safety measures in different countries, covering different types of road safety measures (user‐, vehicle‐ or infrastructure‐oriented, policy or enforcement, etc.), ranging from national to local levels of implementation and including both ex ante and ex post evaluations. From the results conclusions are drawn on the efficiency of different road safety measures and the related determinants. Furthermore, the case studies reveal a number of methodology and data issues for which further research is required. The procedures and barriers involved in the use of efficiency assessment techniques at different levels of decision‐making are also highlighted by means of feedback received during and after the various case studies. On the basis of these results, a framework for the promotion, implementation and evaluation of efficiency assessment in road safety decision‐making is proposed. A particular set of recommendations is also presented regarding the treatment of barriers (fundamental, institutional or technical) within the efficiency assessment itself and the related decision‐making process.     

Operational impacts of incident quick clearance legislation: a simulation analysis

Many states in the US have enacted quick clearance laws requiring drivers of vehicles involved in minor incidents to move their vehicles from travel lanes prior to the arrival of first responders. Since little is known about the effectiveness of these laws, this research sought to find the benefit–cost ratio of advertising quick clearance legislation to improve driver compliance, and compare it with benefit–cost ratios of other incident management strategies, particularly traffic cameras, freeway service patrols, and traffic sensors. The analysis used traffic simulation that applied application programming interfaces to produce random spatial and temporal occurrence of incidents, including incident start times, durations, and locations, based on normal distributions developed from field data, to test before and after the law scenarios. The results provide decision makers with support for prioritizing funding between these incident management strategies and indicated that investments in the advertisement of this law was beneficial. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Benefit transfers: are they a satisfactory input to benefit cost analysis? An airport noise nuisance case study

Benefit cost analysis in a variety of guises has established itself as a useful tool in public policy-making. It is an approach widely adopted in appraising a wide range of infrastructure investments and has been regularly used in legal proceedings. In the context of this study, it forms a common procedure for assisting in the assessment of the social benefits and costs of airport investment. It is not, however, a technique without its limitations. Beside a range of technical concerns, conducting a comprehensive benefit cost analysis can be resource-intensive and time-consuming. Recently, there have been efforts to make its application more efficient by adopting benefit transfer procedures. This involves making use of findings from one study as inputs into other policy-making activities. While applying secondary data to a new policy issue has a long pedigree, new areas of application involve taking non-market valuations of externalities from one study and transferring them to a different policy site. This paper looks at some of the limitations of employing benefit transfers and uses noise nuisance aspect of airport investment policy appraisal as an illustrative case. Based upon a meta-regression assessment of hedonic price models, the findings suggest that caution should be exercised in conduction benefit transfers.     

Are Longer and Heavier Vehicles (LHVs) Beneficial for Society? A Cost Benefit Analysis to Evaluate their Potential Implementation in Spain

Abstract

In this paper we carry out a thorough review of the current research related to the benefits and costs arising from the implementation of longer and heavier vehicles (LHVs). From this review we concluded that despite the many studies available, little has been said about the sensitivity of the benefits and costs to the ultimate performance of the key variables related to the evolution of the economy, road transport performance, safety, and so on. In order to fill this gap, we have designed a sensitivity approach based on a cost benefit analysis tool to determine which variables demonstrate the greatest influence on the benefits and costs stemming from the implementation of LHVs. In order to test the methodology, we have used it in an analysis of the Spanish trunk network. The results show that the benefits of LHVs for society are significant. Even in the least favorable scenario, the economic benefits are greater than €3500 million over 15 years, and the environment enhanced as well, for CO₂ emissions are reduced by 2 Million tonnes. Overall we noted how the results are not very sensitive to the evolution of key variables in determining the final outcome. However, we found that the variables that have the greatest affect on the final benefit, such as traffic growth and social discount rate, depend basically on the performance of the overall economy. Moreover, the private cost for haulers seems to be more important in determining the final benefit than externality costs.     

The use of dynamic programming in optimally allocating funds for highway safety improvements

An integrated system approach to traffic accident countermeasure selection is presented. This approach draws primarily upon the resources of a computerized accident records system for identifying high accident locations. Once high accident locations are identified by type, local investigations of these locations are conducted producing standardized cost and benefit data. These data are processed through a dynamic programming algorithm to produce optimal policies for implementation. Since this system has been in operation in two states in the United States for about five years, it should be of special interest to practitioners.     

The socio-economic impacts assessment of advanced convoy driving on motorway

This paper presents a recent research work on socio-economic impacts of convoy driving on motorways. Two different methods have been employed for the assessment. The cost–benefit analysis method has been found to be very efficient where costs and benefits can be valued monetarily, while data envelopment analysis can deal with discretionary or intangible impacts that cannot reasonably be expressed in monetary units.The results from both assessment methods have shown that motorway convoy driving may have significant socio-economic benefits when the convoy lane is properly fed with convoy traffic.     

Flight delays,capacity investment and social welfare under air transport supply-demand equilibrium

This paper analyzes benefits from aviation infrastructure investment under competitive supply-demand equilibrium. The analysis recognizes that, in the air transportation system where economies of density is an inherent characteristic, capacity change would trigger a complicated set of adjustment of and interplay among passenger demand, air fare, flight frequency, aircraft size, and flight delays, leading to an equilibrium shift. An analytical model that incorporates these elements is developed. The results from comparative static analysis show that capacity constraint suppresses demand, reduces flight frequency, and increases passenger generalized cost. Our numerical analysis further reveals that, by switching to larger aircraft size, airlines manage to offset part of the delay effect on unit operating cost, and charge passengers lower fare. With higher capacity, airlines tend to raise both fare and frequency while decreasing aircraft size. More demand emerges in the market, with reduced generalized cost for each traveler. The marginal benefit brought by capacity expansion diminishes as the capacity-demand imbalance becomes less severe. Existing passengers in the market receive most of the benefit, followed by airlines. The welfare gains from induced demand are much smaller. The equilibrium approach yields more plausible investment benefit estimates than does the conventional method. In particular, when forecasting future demand the equilibrium approach is capable of preventing the occurrence of excessive high delays.     

Speed management via in-car devices: effects,implications, perspectives

The objectives of this paper are to identify in-vehicle systems for speed management that have been or are being developed, and to suggest recommendations for the implementation of systems that will effectively influence driving speeds and thereby significantly increase safety. The best safety effect is expected from an "intelligent" gas pedal, more specifically the automatic speed limiter. However, in terms of user acceptance, this system is least liked, although, acceptance seems to improve after it has been tried out. Nonetheless, the final goal for implementation should be a mandatory speed limiter system, starting with voluntary usage supported with educational measures. A period of car producers' standardisation of ISA-systems should be followed by legislation prescribing that all new vehicles are to be fitted with the system. Finally, some questions regarding further research are outlined.     

高坡冲隧道冒顶原因分析及处理方案

文章介绍了广西岑罗高速公路第5标段高坡冲隧道的冒顶塌方情况,分析了隧道冒顶的原因,提出了相应的冒顶处理方案,并探讨了方案的实施效果。