喷嘴开启压力对DISI甲醇发动机燃烧和排放的影响

在1台经过改装的1.99L自然吸气缸内直喷点燃式甲醇发动机上,进行了喷嘴开启压力对发动机有效热效率、燃烧及排放影响的试验研究。在发动机转速为2 000r/min的各负荷工况下,选取7.5 MPa,12.5 MPa和17.5 MPa 3个喷嘴开启压力进行试验分析。结果表明:随着喷嘴开启压力的降低,发动机有效热效率、最大缸内压力和放热率略微增加,但是在小负荷工况下降低喷嘴开启压力,HC排放和CO排放显著增加,在大负荷工况下提高喷嘴开启压力会使NOx排放显著增加。     

直喷汽油机EGR与稀薄燃烧的协同作用

鉴于废气再循环和稀薄燃烧对降低排放、改善燃油经济性所具有的优势,提出了将两者相结合协同控制的技术路线。在一台缸内直喷汽油机上,研究了部分负荷下废气再循环单独作用和与稀薄燃烧协同作用时对发动机燃烧特性、燃油经济性和排放特性的影响。结果表明:在转速为2 000r/min、平均有效压力为300k Pa下,废气再循环与稀薄燃烧协同作用可带来8%以上的油耗改善和较低水平的NOx,HC和CO排放,验证了废气再循环与稀薄燃烧协同控制的有效性。     

富氧下EGR对增压中冷CNG发动机性能的影响

为了解富氧下EGR的效果,选取最经济的过量空气系数1.1的工况,进行了不同EGR率下发动机燃烧、排放和燃料经济性的试验。结果表明:小负荷时低EGR率可促进燃烧,大负荷低EGR率时缸内燃烧压力、放热率峰值变化不大,当EGR率大于5%后,燃烧过程后移;随着EGR率的增加,CO基本保持不变,HC排放小负荷时呈上升趋势,大负荷时呈下降趋势,NOx排放量迅速减少,但燃料经济性也下降。     

稀薄燃烧电控LPG发动机的试验研究

通过试验分析了发动机转速、负荷、压缩比、点火提前角以及火花塞间隙对稀薄燃烧的影响,优化了稀薄技术条件下压缩比、点火提前角等参数。试验表明,稀燃技术使电控LPG发动机经济性、排放性和动力性优于原LPG发动机,排放性和经济性远好于汽油机,动力性接近汽油机。     

MPI+GDI发动机稀薄燃烧性能研究

为了研究甲醇替代比和过量空气系数对复合喷射发动机稀薄燃烧及排放特性的影响,本研究基于1台自行改造的包含甲醇进气道喷射和汽油缸内喷射(M PI+GDI)的光学复合喷射系统发动机,建立三维仿真模型,进行缸压试验验证,研究稀薄燃烧条件下不同过量空气系数和甲醇替代比下缸内燃烧和排放特性.研究结果表明:随着过量空气系数的增大,火焰传播变慢,放热率峰值出现也晚,后燃现象增强,缸内压力峰值降低且相位推迟,指示热效率呈上升趋势;CO和NO x排放下降,未燃碳氢化合物(THC)排放先降后升,过量空气系数为1.4时最低,原因是适当增加过量空气系数可使燃烧更充分,但是过量空气系数过大导致燃烧不稳定.随着甲醇替代比增加,缸内压力峰值不断增加且相位提前,高甲醇比例的燃料燃烧速度快,燃烧重心前移,排气温度降低,NO x排放增加,T HC排放先降后升,CO排放降低.研究结果为甲醇汽油复合喷射发动机的参数优化设计提供了理论依据.     

点火正时对电控稀燃天然气发动机性能的影响

试验研究了点火正时对电控稀燃多点喷射天然气发动机燃烧及排放性能的影响规律。对该发动机转速为1 450 r/min,1 750 r/min,2 050 r/min,负荷为25%,50%,75%,100%的12个工况点进行了试验研究。研究结果表明,在其他燃烧边界条件不变的情况下,点火正时对该发动机输出扭矩及CH4排放影响不大,但是在2 050 r/min,100%负荷工况下,随着点火正时的进一步后移,出现扭矩下降及CH4排放增加的现象。点火正时对NOx排放有显著的影响,同一工况下,随着点火正时的推移,NOx排放明显降低。     

混合动力汽车柴油机快速起动燃烧排放特性研究

混合动力汽车发动机起动要快速,其瞬态程度更高,势必造成起动过程排放控制困难.为了研究不同起动瞬态变化条件下的发动机燃烧和排放特性,基于自行搭建的单轴并联混合动力试验平台,分别用24 V原机起动和800 r/min,1 000 r/min及1 200 r/min转速拖动发动机起动.研究结果表明:随着拖动转速升高,起动过程中的缸内压力峰值、平均有效压力和燃烧持续期均减小,但减少幅度会降低,800 r/min拖动起动时,燃烧波动较大;发动机起动过程中的CO,NOx和Soot排放均随着拖动转速的升高而减少;原机24 V起动和800 r/min拖动起动时燃烧和排放特性随循环或时间的变化趋势一致,1 000 r/min和1 200 r/min拖动起动时的燃烧和排放特性变化趋势一致;以800～1 000 r/min拖动起动是较好的快速起动策略,但是需要重新标定起动时的喷油策略.     

汽车发动机CVVT系统控制策略试验分析

研究了CVVT系统对汽油机功率、油耗以及缸内燃烧状况的影响.装有CVVT机构发动机与普通发动机万有特性的对比表明,CVVT发动机的低燃油消耗率分布区域比普通汽油机宽广.分析了CVVT调节相位在不同转速、不同负荷下的万有特性,得出在不同工况下CVVT相位调节的特点.研究结果表明,CVVT系统可以在不同工况下实现发动机动力性、经济性以及排放性能的有效提高.     

单缸柴油机燃用油酸甲酯乙醇混合燃料的性能

为了研究油酸甲酯乙醇混合燃料在柴油机上的应用,在一台单缸直喷柴油机上进行100％油酸甲酯（YSME）和5％无水乙醇＋95％油酸甲酯（E5）燃烧特性、经济性与排放特性对比试验,分析了柴油机燃用两种燃料时的燃烧压力、放热率、经济性和排放特性。结果表明,与YSME相比,发动机转速n为1500r／min、负荷Pme为0.531MPa时,E5最大燃烧压力和最大燃烧放热率均有所增加;在小负荷时,E5有效燃油消耗率和有效能量消耗率增加,在中等负荷时接近,在大负荷时略有减少;NOx与HC排放增加;碳烟与C0排放明显降低。     

EGR 对甲醇-柴油组合燃烧柴油机燃烧和排放的影响

利用三维仿真软件AVLFire建立进气道喷射甲醇、缸内喷射柴油的模型,应用试验结果验证了模型的正确性。改变2200r／min,136N·m工况下的EGR率（0％,5％,15％,25％和35％）,分析了EGR对甲醇‐柴油组合燃烧发动机燃烧过程和排放的影响。结果表明：与EGR率为0相比,随着EGR率增加,甲醇‐柴油组合燃烧发动机着火延迟期先缩短后延长,缸内最高压力降低,EGR率为5％时,着火延迟期缩短2°曲轴转角;随着EGR率增加,放热率曲线由双峰分布向单峰分布转变,最高温度下降,高温持续时间缩短;随着EGR率增加,NOx排放降低,CO和炭烟排放上升,与EGR率为0时比,EGR率为15％时的NOx排放量降低了54％。     

侧向换气发动机分层和均质燃烧的试验研究

在1台侧向进气的单缸发动机上对分层和均质充气燃烧进行了试验研究。通过灵活的喷油和点火控制策略实现了缸内的分层充气和均质充气燃烧。在线分析了各种工况下分层和均质充气燃烧及排放状况。研究表明,随着过量空气系数的增加,分层燃烧的性能明显优于均质燃烧,并且在稀燃状态下,分层燃烧能获得比均质燃烧更好的燃烧稳定性。在所有研究工况下,分层燃烧都能够有效地降低NOx排放。     

燃料辛烷值对CAI燃烧特性影响的研究

利用异辛烷与正庚烷配比不同辛烷值燃料,在快速压缩机上进行可控自燃(CAI)燃烧试验,研究了不同边界条件下燃料辛烷值对CAI燃烧特性的影响规律。结果表明,在其他边界条件不变的情况下,随着燃料辛烷值的增加,最大压力升高率降低,最大压力升高率出现时刻延迟,燃烧温度开始迅速上升的时刻延迟,燃烧温度的最大值减小,燃烧始点延迟,燃烧持续期延长。     

电控单体泵燃烧系统匹配试验研究

对新132发动机燃烧系统进行了匹配试验,阐述了供油系统改进、喷孔参数匹配、燃烧室优化的整个过程,确定了新燃烧系统合理的供油参数、喷孔方案和燃烧室方案,并对比分析了燃烧系统改进前后燃烧放热过程的差异,最终实现了原机功率提升45%的性能指标。     

Low temperature premixed combustion within a small bore high speed direct injection (HSDI) optically accessible diesel engine using a retarded single injection

An optically accessible single-cylinder high speed direct-injection (HSDI) Diesel engine equipped with a Bosch common rail injection system was used to study low temperature Modulated Kinetics (MK) combustion with a retarded single main injection. High-speed liquid fuel Mie-scattering was employed to investigate the liquid distribution and evolution. By carefully setting up the optics, three-dimensional images of fuel spray were obtained from both the bottom of the piston and the side window. The NOx emissions were measured in the exhaust pipe. The influence of injection pressure and injection timing on liquid fuel evolution and combustion characteristics was studied under similar fuel quantities. Interesting spray development was seen from the side window images. Liquid impingement was found for all of the cases due to the small diameter of the piston bowl. The liquid fuel tip hits the bowl wall obliquely and spreads as a wall jet in the radial direction of the spray. Due to the bowl geometry, the fuel film moves back into the central part of the bowl, which enhances the air-fuel mixing process and prepares a more homogeneous air-fuel mixture. Stronger impingement was seen for high injection pressures. Injection timing had little effect on fuel impingement. No liquid fuel was seen before ignition, indicating premixed combustion for all the cases. High-speed combustion video was taken using the same frame rate. Ignition was seen to occur on or near the bowl wall in the vicinity of the spray tip, with the ignition delay being noticeably longer for lower injection pressure and later injection timing. The majority of the flame was confined to the bowl region throughout the combustion event. A more homogeneous and weaker flame was observed for higher injection pressures and later injection timing. The combustion structure also proves the mixing enhancement effect of the liquid fuel impingement. The results show that ultra-low sooting combustion is feasible in an HSDI diesel engine with a higher injection pressure, a higher EGR rate, or later injection timing, with little penalty on power output. It was also found that injection timing has more influence on HCCI-like combustion using a single main injection than the other two factors studied. Compared with the base cases, simultaneous reductions of soot and NOx were obtained by increasing EGR rate and retarding injection timing. By increasing injection pressure, NOx emissions were increased due to leaner and faster combustion with better air-fuel mixing. However, smoke emissions were significantly reduced with increased injection pressure.     

Influence of injection parameters on the transition from PCCI combustion to diffusion combustion in a small-bore HSDI diesel engine

In this paper, the influence of injection parameters on the transition from Premixed Charge Combustion Ignition (PCCI) combustion to conventional diesel combustion was investigated in an optically accessible High-Speed Direct-Injection (HSDI) diesel engine using multiple injection strategies. The heat release characteristics were analyzed using incylinder pressure for different operating conditions. The whole cycle combustion process was visualized with a high-speed video camera by simultaneously capturing the natural flame luminosity from both the bottom of the optical piston and the side window, showing the three dimensional combustion structure within the combustion chamber. Eight operating conditions were selected to address the influences of injection pressure, injection timing, and fuel quantity of the first injection on the development of second injection combustion. For some cases with early first injection timing and a small fuel quantity, no liquid fuel is found when luminous flame points appear, which shows that premixed combustion occurs for these cases. However, with the increase of first injection fuel quantity and retardation of the first injection timing, the combustion mode transitions from PCCI combustion to diffusion flame combustion, with liquid fuel being injected into the hot flame. The observed combustion phenomena are mainly determined by the ambient temperature and pressure at the start of the second injection event. The start-of-injection ambient conditions are greatly influenced by the first injection timing, fuel quantity, and injection pressure. Small fuel quantity and early injection timing of the first injection event and high injection pressure are preferable for low sooting combustion.     

柴油机预混合燃烧技术

介绍了近年来在柴油机上进行了一系列实现均质预混合燃烧技术的研究 ,包括预混稀薄狄塞尔燃烧系统 ,UNIBUS燃烧系统 ,均质充气压缩着火 (HCCI)燃烧系统 ,准均质预混合气充气压缩点燃 (QHCCI)燃烧系统 ,提出这些研究对于根本解决扩散燃烧的缺陷所具有的重要意义。     

LPG/柴油双燃料发动机燃烧过程研究

根据燃烧分析仪测录的示功图对LPG/柴油双燃料发动机不同工况的燃烧百分率和燃烧率进行计算 ,分析其燃烧特性 ,得出了有关双燃料发动机燃烧的一些结论 ,为合理组织双燃料燃烧过程奠定基础     

燃烧室形状对快速混合燃烧过程的影响

介绍了采用不同燃烧室形状的快速混合燃烧过程对发动机性能的影响 ,通过测试分析改进燃烧室与供油参数的匹配 ,从而提高性能指标 ,初步达到用户要求。     

小型直喷柴油机喷射系统与燃烧室匹配的研究

介绍了影响小型直喷式柴油机喷射系统与燃烧室匹配的几个重要因素,并阐述了它们对柴油机的经济性和排放性的影响及作用。还提出了通过比较油束在燃烧室壁面上的落点高度大小来分析喷油嘴空间角度参数对匹配性能影响的方法。     

汽油机富氧燃烧特性试验研究

在1台4G18汽油机上进行富氧燃烧试验,进气中O2体积分数分别为21%,23%和25%,研究了不同富氧燃烧条件下的缸内压力、瞬时放热率及THC,CO和NOx排放.研究结果表明:在汽油机中低负荷典型工况下,随着进气中O2体积分数的增加,燃烧与排放均有改善,燃烧相位提前,缸内压力峰值和瞬时放热率峰值均增大,THC,CO排放...