质量比和阻尼比对不同工况下圆柱涡激振动的影响

基于流体计算软件STAR-CCM+中重叠网格和DFBI技术,在Re=150,UR=5条件下对单圆柱及串列不等直径圆柱涡激振动进行数值模拟。模拟中分别在较大范围内改变质量比(1～300)和阻尼比(0～1),获得了各工况下圆柱振动响应及受力与质量比和阻尼比的关系,分析了质量比和阻尼比对圆柱振动的影响及联系。结果表明：从整体来看,圆柱振动幅值和阻力随质量比和阻尼比的增加而降低,升力呈先升后降趋势。在小质量比下(m^*<20),圆柱振幅和受力受质量比和阻尼比影响较大,并随两参数的变化而快速变化;在较大质量比下,圆柱振幅和受力趋于稳定,几乎不再受质量比和阻尼比影响,流固耦合效应变弱。此外,还将参数m^*ζ值相同而m^*和ζ不同的圆柱响应数据进行对比,得出在低雷诺数下,相同m^*ζ的圆柱涡激振动响应呈相同的趋势。     

质量比和阻尼比对高阻尼涡激振动的影响

涡激振动水生能源是一种可在低流速条件下利用水中涡激振动现象从周围流场中提取水流动能的新兴可再生清洁能源技术,其能量转换装置在进行能量传递和转换过程中会对涡激振动系统引入较高的阻尼,使其不同于以往研究较多的低阻尼涡激振动系统。文章建立了一个单自由度涡激振动模型,模型采用受迫振动实验得到的流体力数据,通过迭代求解涡激振动能量转换装置的动力响应,进而计算系统转换功率。通过对质量比m*和阻尼比ζ等重要参数对涡激振动响应及能量转换效率影响的细致研究,揭示出:频率锁定的发生及较大能量转换效率的无量纲流速范围主要受质量比控制;最大能量转换效率主要受质量—阻尼参数m*ζ控制,并且存在一个最优值;出现最大能量转换效率的无量纲流速与m*ζ有关,在m*ζ0.2的范围内出现最大能量转换效率的无量纲流速随质量比和阻尼比的变化而变化,而在0.2m*ζ0.7的范围内与阻尼比无关,主要取决于质量比。     

两自由度运动圆柱绕流的离散涡方法模拟

应用离散涡数值方法(Discrete Vortex Method,DVM)对弹性支承的二维圆柱绕流的涡激振动(VIV)问题进行数值模拟,研究单自由度横向运动系统、两自由度系统横向和流向耦合运动这两种模型的计算结果,得到了不同质量比、不同折合速度下的尾涡形状、受力系数和圆柱响应曲线,并分别提取了单自由度和两自由度两种模型所得到的横向振幅进行对比.总结出受质量比和自由度数影响的圆柱响应的变化规律,证实了锁定lock-in现象的发生过程.通过与实验结果的对比,验证了计算结果较为合理和可靠,说明离散涡方法是研究涡激振动问题的有效手段,并且它能够适应高雷诺数下的计算,并且认为圆柱的流向运动对涡激振动起着促进作用,在数值模拟中是应当予以重视的.计算过程采用FORTRAN语言编程实现.     

附加旋转圆柱涡激振动发电装置能量获取性能研究

应用基于嵌入式迭代浸入边界法,数值模拟了附加旋转圆柱的海流能利用装置的涡激振动,研究了能量利用效率CP,harness随俘能阻尼比ζharness、附加圆柱的无量纲转速α和方位角θ的变化规律,得到了能量利用效率优化参数组合。进一步研究了能量利用效率随组合参数α/θ的变化规律,给出了拟合关系式,定性分析了拟合公式系数随影响参数的变化规律。     

倒角半径对方柱涡激特性的影响研究

采用有限体积法对具有不同倒角半径方柱涡激振动开展了数值研究。方柱涡激振动系统简化为两自由度的质量-弹簧-阻尼模型,引入雷诺平均应力模型求解不可压缩粘性Navier-Stokes方程,结合SST k??湍流模型对低质量比弹性支撑的方柱涡激振动进行了模拟。研究发现:方柱涡激振动最大振幅曲线随着折合速度的增大先增大后减小,与圆柱涡激运动初始激励分支和下端分支相类似,但没有发现幅值跳跃现象。流向振幅最大值出现在20%倒角且折合速度5.0时,大小为0.28D,而横向振幅在30%倒角工况中折合速度为6.0时达到最大值0.47D。方柱涡激振动没有发生类似圆柱一样的频率锁定现象,但其振幅呈现明显的"差拍"规律,差拍区间随倒角半径大小而异,最后对不同倒角半径下方柱运动轨迹进行了讨论分析。     

刚性圆柱结构顺流向涡激振动特性分析

文章研究了刚性支承圆柱的顺流向涡激振动特性,在第二激励区域,运用van der Pol方程描述漩涡脱落的尾迹特性,采用尾流振子模型计算圆柱结构的响应,讨论和分析了质量-阻尼参数、质量率和结构阻尼对顺流向涡激振动的影响机理。     

表面粗糙度对立管涡激振动响应影响的试验研究

应用模型试验的方法,研究了表面粗糙度对立管涡激振动响应特性的影响规律,对不同粗糙度条件下立管所受拖曳力、升力、端部张力、漩涡泄放频率、结构振动响应频率、位移响应等参数的变化规律进行了对比分析。结果表明:与立管横向振动相比,立管流向振动更早出现锁定现象,因此当折合速度较低时,立管流向振动的涡激振动响应要大于横向振动。立管张力均存在两个峰值频率,其中一个峰值频率为主导频率,与拖曳力主导频率吻合,由流向涡激振动所产生;另一个峰值频率为主导频率的一半,与升力主导频率吻合,由横向涡激振动所产生。因此可以看出:横向涡激振动与流向涡激振动通过张力作用而相互影响。与光滑立管相比,表面粗糙度降低了立管的涡激振动位移响应,减小了涡激振动的锁定区域,但提高了漩涡泄放频率。对于不同粗糙度下的粗糙立管,随着粗糙度的增加,立管的锁定区域开始点逐渐提前,锁定结束点逐渐推迟,锁定区域逐渐变宽。     

表面粗糙度对立管涡激振动响应影响的试验研究

应用模型试验的方法,研究了表面粗糙度对立管涡激振动响应特性的影响规律,对不同粗糙度条件下立管所受拖曳力、升力、端部张力、漩涡泄放频率、结构振动响应频率、位移响应等参数的变化规律进行了对比分析。结果表明：与立管横向振动相比,立管流向振动更早出现锁定现象,因此当折合速度较低时,立管流向振动的涡激振动响应要大于横向振动。立管张力均存在两个峰值频率,其中一个峰值频率为主导频率,与拖曳力主导频率吻合,由流向涡激振动所产生;另一个峰值频率为主导频率的一半,与升力主导频率吻合,由横向涡激振动所产生。因此可以看出：横向涡激振动与流向涡激振动通过张力作用而相互影响。与光滑立管相比,表面粗糙度降低了立管的涡激振动位移响应,减小了涡激振动的锁定区域,但提高了漩涡泄放频率。对于不同粗糙度下的粗糙立管,随着粗糙度的增加,立管的锁定区域开始点逐渐提前,锁定结束点逐渐推迟,锁定区域逐渐变宽。     

剪切流作用下立管涡激响应的研究

为研究剪切流作用下立管的涡激振动问题,文章建立了三维立管的涡激动力响应方程,顺流方向的力通过Morison方程求解;横向涡激力采用改进的尾流阵子模型求解,考虑了附加质量的变化;轴向力的计算考虑平台升沉运动的影响。采用有限单元法离散控制方程,离散后的方程采用Newmark-β法在时域求解。在此基础上,研究了剪切流作用下立管的多模态涡激振动响应,讨论了剪切参数对立管涡激动力响应的影响,并比较了均匀流和剪切流条件下立管不同的响应特征。结果表明,剪切参数对立管的涡激响应动力响应有很大的影响,剪切流条件下立管呈现的多模态响应极为复杂,与均匀来流条件下的振幅和频率响应特点明显不同。     

低质量-阻尼因子圆柱体的涡激振动预报模型

本文考查了在均匀来流中作横向振荡的圆柱体与周围流体之间的能量转移,由此建立了基于受迫振荡实验数据的弹性支撑圆柱体在均匀流中的涡激振动响应预报模型.根据此模型,分析了低质量-阻尼因子圆柱体的涡激振动响应特性.就水中圆柱体涡激振动响应特性相关的几个关键性问题进行了深入的讨论,包括响应振幅的决定因素、附加质量对锁定范围及响应频率的影响.正确理解这些问题对于深水立管涡激振动响应的有效预报至关重要.     

Slow drift damping force acting on a horizontal cylinder

The hydrodynamic forces acting on a circular cylinder and a rectangular cylinder undergoing slow drift oscillation in regular waves were investigated experimentally and numerically. Forced oscillation tests with low frequency and large amplitude in regular waves and forced two-harmonic oscillation with combined low and high frequencies were carried out in the experimental study. In the numerical study a finite-difference method was used to simulate viscous flow around a two-dimensional oscillating cylinder. The results of experiments showed that a horizontal rectangular cylinder oscillating slowly in waves has much higher damping coefficients than one oscillating in two-harmonic mode, while the numerical study indicated that such differences in the damping coefficient arise partly from the different effects of one-direction harmonic flow and rotating flow on the vortex shedding caused by the slow drift oscillation.     

Towards a model of hydrodynamic damping for a circular cylinder with helical strakes at low KC

This paper investigates the hydrodynamic damping of a circular cylinder with helical strakes at Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) number from 0.07 to 3 in the presence of steady currents. Experiments were performed with a straked cylinder oscillating in either in-line or cross currents over Reynolds number (based on the oscillating velocity amplitude) varying from 1260 to 54,000. With in-line current being present, the measured drag coefficients of the straked cylinder are found to depend on the ratio between the oscillating velocity amplitude and the steady current velocity. This phenomenon is further confirmed by computational fluid dynamics using large-eddy simulations. The drag coefficients obtained from the numerical simulations agree well with the experimentally determined values. Similar phenomenon is observed for the cases with cross background current. Based on the experimental data, empirical formulae are proposed to evaluate drag coefficients. These results are of importance in estimating the resonant motion and the fatigue life of risers, e.g. water intake risers, in the flow regime of low KC. Finally, recommendations are provided for fatigue analysis of risers with helical strakes from the perspective of engineering practice.     

Experimental and numerical study of the shielding effect of two tandem rough cylinders in flow-induce oscillation

The shielding effect of the downstream cylinder in flow induced oscillation (FIO) of two cylinders arranged in tandem is studied experimentally and numerically at Reynolds number 30,000 to 120,000. Both cylinders are in one degree-of-freedom, transverse-oscillations, and have turbulence stimulation in the form of selective surface roughness to expand FIO beyond vortex-induced vibration (VIV) into galloping. Shielding of the downstream cylinder has a negative effect on harnessing hydrokinetic energy. To study its effect and mechanics, selective cases are studied both numerically and experimentally and discussed to demonstrate the shielding effect on the downstream cylinder and understand its cause. The main conclusions are: (1) The shielding effect for the downstream cylinder shows a strong relation to the damping ratio. As the damping ratio increases, the shielding effect is mitigated. Additionally, the oscillation of the rear cylinder becomes stable and shows stable frequency. (2) In the VIV region, as the stiffness and natural frequency increase, the shielding effect decreases substantially. (3) In the VIV region, the vorticity of the vortices shedding from both the upper and the lower sides of the downstream cylinder does not accumulate enough due to the attraction by the vortices shed from the upstream cylinder, thus resulting in partial suppression of the oscillation on the downstream cylinder. (4) In the galloping region, the shielding effect for the downstream cylinder depends on whether the vorticity near the downstream cylinder is strengthened by the vortices generated by the shear layers of the upstream cylinder or weakened.     

旋转圆柱绕流的流场特性

在亚临界区Re=1.4×105条件下,基于大涡模拟（LES）方法对均匀来流作用下的旋转圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟。通过与非旋转时的实验和计算结果比较,验证了文中计算的准确性。在此基础上,对不同转速条件下（0≤α≤2,α为圆周线速度与自由来流速度的比值）的圆柱绕流进行了数值研究。结果表明,圆柱旋转可以有效地抑制其旋涡脱落,随着转速的增加,可大幅提高其升阻比,主要表现为阻力系数减小而升力系数线性增大。当α=2时,阻力系数和升力系数在经过短暂过渡期后达到稳定。     

淹没垂直圆柱横摇问题的解析研究

应用匹配特征函数展开法建立了有限水深淹没垂直圆柱横摇问题的解析解,通过与边界元方法的对比验证了该方法的正确性.基于上述模型,对淹没圆柱水动力系数进行了研究,结果表明,在大多数频率下,淹没圆柱的附加质量总是大于同样大小的漂浮圆柱,且在高频段近似为漂浮圆柱附加质量的两倍.当淹没深度较大时,圆柱附加质量趋向干常数,辐射阻尼趋...     

基于DES方法的三维圆柱受迫振动数值模拟

基于OpenFOAM平台对雷诺数3900下的三维固定圆柱绕流和雷诺数30000下的三维圆柱受迫振动进行数值模拟,对湍流的模拟采用SA-DDES离散涡模型.针对三维圆柱绕流问题,采用PISO算法耦合求解速度-压力场,对圆柱绕流的基础参数如St数、平均阻力系数和平均升力系数等与试验进行了比较,结果吻合良好.针对三维圆柱受迫振动问题,采用PIMPLE算法耦合求解速度-压力场,对不同频率下振幅比为0.3的阻力系数、尾涡形态进行了计算,阻力平均系数与实验值相比吻合较好.     

An experimental investigation by towing tank on VIV of a long flexible cylinder for deepwater riser application

In this study, the dynamic response of a vertical flexible cylinder vibrating at low mode numbers with combined x?y motion was investigated in a towing tank. The uniform flow was simulated by towing the flexible cylinder along the tank in still water; therefore, the turbulence intensity of the free flow was negligible in obtaining more reliable results. A lower branch of dominant frequencies with micro vibration amplitude was found in both cross-flow and in-line directions. This justifiable discrepancy was likely caused by an initial lock-in. The maximum attainable amplitude, modal analysis and x?y trajectory in cross-flow and in-line directions are reported here and compared with previous literature, along with some good agreements and different observations that were obtained from the study. Drag and lift coefficients are also evaluated by making use of a generalized integral transform technique approach, yielding an alternative method to study fluid force acting upon a flexible cylinder.     

Effect of mass ratio on hydrodynamic response of a flexible cylinder

The effect of the mass ratio on the flow-induced vibration (FIV) of a flexible circular cylinder is experimentally investigated in a towing tank. A Tygon tube with outer and inner diameters of 7.9 mm and 4.8 mm, respectively, was employed for the study. The tube was connected to a carriage and towed from rest to a steady speed up to 1.6 m/s before slowing down to rest again over a distance of 1.6 m in still water. Reynolds number based on the cylinder’s outer diameter was 800–13,000, and the reduced velocity (velocity normalized by the cylinder’s natural frequency and outer diameter) spanned from 2 to 25. When connected, the cylinder was elongated from 420 mm to 460 mm under an axial pre-tension of 11 N. Based on the cylinder’s elongated length, the aspect ratio (ratio of the cylinder’s length to outer diameter) was calculated as 58. Three mass ratios (ratio of the cylinder’s structural mass to displaced fluid mass, m*) of 0.7, 1.0, and 3.4 were determined by filling the cylinder’s interior with air, water, and alloy powder (nickel-chromium-boron matrix alloy), respectively. An optical method was adopted for response measurements. Multi-frequency vibrations were observed in both in-line (IL) and cross-flow (CF) responses; at high Reynolds number, vibration modes up to the 3^rd one were identified in the CF response. The mode transition was found to occur at a lower reduced velocity for the highest tested mass ratio. The vibration amplitude and frequency were quantified and expressed with respect to the reduced velocity. A significant reduced vibration amplitude was found in the IL response with increasing mass ratios, and only initial and upper branches existed in the IL and CF response amplitudes. The normalized response frequencies were revealed to linearly increase with respect to the reduced velocity, and slopes for linear relations were found to be identical for the three cases tested.     

Experimental investigation on hydrodynamics of floating cylinder in oscillatory and steady flows by forced oscillation test

In this paper the hydrodynamic characteristics of a floating cylinder are investigated via forced oscillation experiments in towing tank. The effects of Keulegan–Carpenter number, Reynolds number, reduced velocity and overtopping on hydrodynamics of the floating cylinder in oscillatory and steady flow are studied. The results show a considerably difference of the hydrodynamic characters between the floating and the fully immerged cylinders due to the influences of free surface. The growth of the reduced velocity, a proven notable effect on hydrodynamics, will lead to the increase of added mass coefficient and the decrease of drag coefficient. Meanwhile the overtopping, a particular phenomenon for the floating cylinder, render the added mass coefficients reach up to 3.6 while for the drag coefficient small influences were made.     

Numerical analysis of vortex-induced motion of two-dimensional circular cylinder by lattice Boltzmann method

Vortex-induced motion of two-dimensional circular cylinder was numerically analyzed by using the lattice Boltzmann method. Unlike conventional methods, in which the computational grids are fit to the solid body, the present method adopts rectangular grids and the movement of the solid body was treated by the boundary condition for the simplicity of computation. The hydrodynamic force acting on the cylinder was estimated by integrating the momentum of the fluid over the cylinder surface. The quantitative validation of the simulation results was confirmed for the fixed cylinder at Re = 500. When the cylinder is allowed to move only in the spanwise direction, the resonance between the vortex-shedding frequency and the natural frequency of damping force by spring was confirmed. When the natural frequency is larger than the vortex-shedding frequency, secondary mode appears which may be resulted from the nonlinear effect. Finally, the motion in the streamwise direction is considered as well as the spanwise direction and the characteristic of the cylinder motion in the horizontal direction was demonstrated in relation to the damping force by the mooring. Although the target of the present study is limited to two-dimensional and low Re, the applicability of the lattice Boltzmann method to vortex-induced motion was confirmed.