非饱和土入渗的数值模拟

针对受降雨影响显著的非饱和残积土土质边坡,运用饱和-非饱和土壤水分运动的理论和二维非稳态渗流有限元模型,模拟雨水入渗引起的暂态渗流场,建立非饱和土边坡雨水入渗过程的计算模型.对降雨条件下,饱和-非饱和暂态渗流场二维问题进行数值求解.分析降雨强度、降雨持时和土壤渗透系数等重要参数对非饱和土边坡渗流场分布、发展的影响,并做出实例分析.     

基于非饱和土有限元强度折减法的降雨入渗条件下高边坡施工稳定性分析

根据质量守恒定律推导了非饱和土渗流分析控制方程,采用全隐式向后差分格式求解此类有限元问题;将非饱和土有限元强度折减法应用于某高边坡工程的施工稳定性分析,得到了该边坡在各施工阶段下受到降雨入渗作用影响后的稳定安全系数及其失稳滑动面,并通过与不考虑降雨作用时的情况进行对比得出有益的结论;最后,针对该边坡的施工稳定性分析结果提出了加固建议。     

考虑膨胀力的锚杆格构梁支护膨胀土边坡的稳定性分析

锚杆格构梁是一种常用的边坡支护形式,在镇江地区的膨胀土边坡支护工程中应用广泛,但其支护作用下边坡稳定性分析仍基于一般土体的边坡稳定性分析方法,不能合理考虑膨胀土的膨胀力.利用经典瑞典条分法,在现有锚杆格构梁支护边坡稳定系数计算方法的基础上,将膨胀力作为一个外力施加于土体,推导了膨胀力作用下膨胀土边坡的稳定系数的计算公式,得到了各参数对边坡稳定性的影响规律.并结合镇江象山边坡支护实际工程,说明膨胀力对于边坡稳定不容忽视,按照现有锚杆格构梁支护膨胀土边坡的稳定性计算方法是偏危险的.     

降雨条件下胀缩性裂隙边坡稳定性研究

以某胀缩性裂隙边坡为例,基于非饱和土力学理论,利用有限元方法,对降雨入渗条件下胀缩性裂隙边坡稳定安全系数进行计算和分析,研究了裂隙的位置、深度和降雨的强度对胀缩性裂隙边坡稳定的影响规律.研究表明:裂隙位于坡面边坡稳定性最低,位于坡顶次之,位于坡脚偏于安全;整个降雨过程中边坡稳定安全系数随着裂隙开裂深度增大而逐渐降低;边坡稳定性随着降雨强度的增加显著降低,但随着降雨的持续,边坡安全系数趋于稳定.     

非饱和土瞬态渗流边坡稳定数值分析

本文研究了非饱和土体瞬态(主要指降雨)渗流对均质非饱和土边坡稳定影响的相关理论和计算方法,结合算例计算了不同工况下降雨前稳态、降雨过程中及降雨结束后边坡稳定性变化,分析了不同情况下边坡土体饱和度变动变化对边坡稳定性的影响。     

基坑回填对膨胀土边坡桥梁基础影响研究

膨胀土是土颗粒成分以亲水性矿物为主,并具有显著的吸水膨胀和失水收缩两种变形特性的特殊土质,这种特性常给工程建设带来极大的危害。文章以引江济淮膨胀土边坡上桥梁基础为依托,将温度场与湿度场等效,用升温膨胀代替膨胀土吸湿膨胀,同时将非饱和膨胀土吸湿膨胀过程中的强度降低与升温过程中强度降低等效,通过数值模拟方法,研究膨胀土边坡上桥梁基础基坑回填对桥梁基础的影响。研究结果表明,采用不同的回填材料、不同的基坑坡比,在降雨后渠道边坡对桥梁基础的作用有较大不同。采用不同回填材料时,降雨后桥梁基础水平位移变化较大,采用不同基坑坡比时,降雨后桥梁基础水平位移变化相对较小;当回填材料刚度大,降雨后边坡对桥梁基础的作用也较大;当基坑坡比小,降雨后边坡对桥梁基础的作用小。     

降雨要素对土质边坡稳定性的影响分析

基于饱和-非饱和渗流理论与非饱和土的抗剪强度理论,研究了降雨强度、降雨历时等降雨要素对土质边坡安全系数的影响规律,并且重点对短时强降雨、长时弱降雨2种降雨形式进行了对比分析.结果表明：在饱和渗透系数一定的情况下,安全系数随着降雨强度、降雨历时的增加而不断减小,但在降雨结束后,安全系数又随时间的增长开始增大;短时强降雨下边坡上部土体更容易达到饱和,而长时弱降雨对边坡土体的影响更大,两者的稳定性都大大降低,但长时弱降雨下的滑坡危害程度更大.     

降雨入渗的边坡非饱和渗透性试验研究

非饱和渗流虽然经过半个世纪的发展,但至今在岩土工程中的应用还是不成熟,不普遍.本次试验研究是依托云南省水麻高速公路建设工程,选取了一残积土公路边坡进行了现场人工降雨诱发滑坡试验,并对公路边坡的非饱和渗流进行了数值模拟,以达到有效控制和防治公路边坡滑坡的目的.此试验方法为降雨入渗的边坡非饱和稳定性评估提供了一条新途径.     

降雨对非饱和土边坡稳定性的影响分析

随着岩土工程的深入研究,对非饱和土边坡的研究也日益发展。本文依据Bishop及Fredlund的非饱和土抗剪强度理论,揭示了基质吸力对土体抗剪强度的贡献尤为重要。运用Fredlund提出的总黏聚力法对降雨引起的基质吸力变化导致的边坡变形进行分析,得出了降雨导致基质吸力减小甚至散失引起的土体抗剪强度减小,将威胁到边坡稳定性的结论。     

膨胀土边坡失稳成因机制及其演化过程分析

膨胀土边坡失稳是一种常见的地质灾害,由于目前对膨胀土边坡的稳定性分析计算还不成熟,因此开展膨胀土边坡失稳成因机制及其演化过程方面的研究便显得尤为重要。为此,本文首先系统的总结了膨胀土物质组成的两大基本特征—地域性与非饱和性以及膨胀土边坡失稳的四大基本特征—浅层性、牵引性、长期性、季节性与局部性;在此基础上,提出了膨胀土边坡失稳成因机制的四大主控因素—路堑开挖、裂隙作用、水的作用、风化作用;最后,根据膨胀土边坡剖面力学分区特征,将其失稳演化过程划为三个阶段—初始张裂破坏阶段、剪切面扩展破坏阶段、整体变形破坏阶段,为后续深入研究膨胀土边坡的稳定性分析计算奠定了理论基础。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

某海港码头的撞损修复

依据码头撞击受损区域调查检测结果,对受损构件提出合理的修复方案,为码头的安全运行提供保障。