水下航行器水动力噪声分离预报

近年来,水下航行器的声隐蔽性受到广泛关注,而有关其水动力噪声的研究却较少。将水动力噪声分为壳体流噪声、壳体流激振动噪声、螺旋桨流噪声和螺旋桨流激振动噪声4类,采用大涡模拟(LES)结合Light-hill声类比混合计算方法,对水下航行器的水动力噪声进行分离预报。首先,采用已有文献数据验证该混合声学计算方法的有效性。随后,对水下航行器壳体和螺旋桨三维流场的流噪声和流激振动噪声进行数值模拟和分析。结果表明,4类噪声均与速度呈非线性关系。在上游段,螺旋桨流激振动噪声为主要噪声;在下游段,壳体流噪声所占比例最大。在低速时,由壳体激发的水动力噪声是主要噪声;随着航速的增大,由螺旋桨激发的水动力噪声占总噪声的比例逐渐增加;总体水动力噪声能量随航速的增大而增大。     

水下潜器首部声基阵区流噪声研究方法

水下潜器在航行过程中,主要使用声呐来探测敌方舰艇以及自身位置。主声呐一般安放在潜艇首部位置,可分为主动声呐与被动声呐。在探测目标时,噪声是2种声呐系统都必须克服的干扰因素。针对自噪声中的流噪声,首先使用LES模型对水下潜器的外流场进行仿真计算。在获得流场中的脉动压力分布后,将其导入基于Lighthill声类比理论的声学软件ACTRAN中进行声场仿真计算,实现了对水下潜器首部声基阵区流噪声的数值预报。研究了航速、共形阵的安装位置和基阵单元安装面形状对声基阵区流噪声传播的影响。结果表明:航速越大,流噪声越大;增大声呐安装面与导流罩的距离以及使用较光滑的安装面,可以减小声基阵区流噪声的大小。     

水下潜器首部声基阵区流噪声研究方法

水下潜器在航行过程中,主要使用声呐来探测敌方舰艇以及自身位置.主声呐一般安放在潜艇首部位置,可分为主动声呐与被动声呐.在探测目标时,噪声是2种声呐系统都必须克服的干扰因素.针对自噪声中的流噪声,首先使用LES模型对水下潜器的外流场进行仿真计算.在获得流场中的脉动压力分布后,将其导入基于Lighthill声类比理论的声学软件ACTRAN中进行声场仿真计算,实现了对水下潜器首部声基阵区流噪声的数值预报.研究了航速、共形阵的安装位置和基阵单元安装面形状对声基阵区流噪声传播的影响.结果表明:航速越大,流噪声越大;增大声呐安装面与导流罩的距离以及使用较光滑的安装面,可以减小声基阵区流噪声的大小.     

流激噪声数值计算方法及声学积分面影响性研究

在流声耦合领域中,水下航行体复杂流动与流激噪声研究具有重要的学术意义与实用价值。文章对FW-H声学类比方法、渗流FW-H声学类比方法、Kirchhoff方法与Powell涡声理论进行了物理内涵与数学公式的详细比较;然后利用大涡模拟结合四种声计算方法数值计算了三维NACA0015机翼、机翼/圆柱结合体、方腔产生的流激辐射噪声,并与国内外试验结果进行了对比,分析了四种声计算方法的计算精度与计算效率;最后,对围壳流激噪声进行了数值预报与试验验证,计算了围壳在不同水速下的流激噪声变化规律,并探讨了声学积分面对计算结果的影响。     

声类比水下圆柱绕流声学特性研究

本文以三维刚性圆柱为研究对象,开展了基于大涡模拟和Lighthill声类比理论的混合数值模拟方法研究,确定了合适的声学计算模型参数。结合噪声频域特性和声学指向性,对比分析了不同雷诺数(Re=4.3×10~4、Re=1.0×10~5、Re=1.8×10~5和Re=2.5×10~5)、不同间距比(L/D=2、3、4和5)和不同排列方式(串联、并联和交错45°)下有限高单圆柱及双圆柱的水动力噪声特性,讨论了雷诺数、间距比以及排列方式对圆柱绕流水动力噪声的影响,为实现水下钝体和航行器流噪声的精确预报提供了详细的数值模拟方法指导。     

船体绕流场及流噪声的CFD模拟方法

CFD数值模拟技术可以为船舶水下噪声水平和噪声传播提供高精度的预报,同时还可以洞察船体绕流场的变化。本文利用VOF方法与SSTκ-ω两方程湍流模型用于求解船舶非定常粘性流场,并结合FW-H方程进行噪声传播。基于Lighthill声类比理论,对不同球鼻首船型的噪声进行数值计算,对船体流噪声的空间指向性、近远场分布特性进行分析。计算结果表明,CFD技术可以用于模拟分析船舶的绕流场和流致发声问题,能够为低噪声船体线型设计提供参考。     

基于无限元方法预报非均匀流中螺旋桨的流噪声

为了系统地研究非均匀流场中螺旋桨流噪声的特点,采用CFD与声学无限元方法结合的方式,对螺旋桨的频域噪声进行数值预报。通过采用大涡模拟方法对非均匀流场中的螺旋桨水动力性能进行计算,然后运用ACTRAN软件的声学无限元方法,对螺旋桨的无空泡噪声进行数值模拟,并对特征点进行频域分析。流场计算结果显示:非定常计算得到的螺旋桨水动力系数与试验值吻合良好,LES模拟得到的流场初值是可信的;通过分析噪声分布云图及特征点频谱曲线得出:非均匀流场中螺旋桨的辐射噪声主要集中在低频段,且该频段的噪声主要由偶极子组成,同时噪声衰减速度随频率增大而减小,螺旋桨轴向声压级高于径向两侧,验证了计算结果的可靠性,为螺旋桨的水下噪声预报提供了一种新的方法。     

不同舵角的舵翼结构涡量及流噪声特性分析

以梯形舵翼结构为研究对象,采用CFD大涡模拟及Lighthill声类比理论对不同舵角下舵翼结构的流场和声场进行数值预报,分析其涡量特性及流噪声特性。结果表明:来流速度相同时,随着舵角的增大,涡系越来越复杂,涡量及流噪声也随之增大;涡系主要集中在稳定翼的导边、舵翼的尾缘及舵与稳定翼之间;舵翼结构流噪声的声压级频谱频带较宽,无明显的主频率出现;低频时声压级幅值较大,并且随着频率升高而持续下降;舵翼尾缘及稳定翼导边前缘的声场强度比翼型两侧的声场强度大,这也和流场涡量分析结果一致,进而说明了涡流是产生流噪声的根本原因。     

流致噪声机理及预报方法研究综述

从自由湍流噪声、壁面湍流噪声、转子噪声和空腔流动4个方面对流致噪声机理及预报方法进行综述。对目前工程应用中的3个主要流致噪声预报方法,即Lighthill声比拟理论、Kirchhoff方法和涡声理论的基本原理及适用性进行详细讨论,并对流致噪声数值模拟方法进行总结。其中,Lighthill声比拟理论属噪声源先验理论,虽方便应用但不能描述声流相互作用基础问题;Kirchhoff方法在运用的过程中虽不需要确切获知源的属性,但声源区的计算精度很重要;涡声理论在声流相互作用等领域有着良好的研究前景。自由湍流噪声以四极子雷诺应力源为主,存在如螺旋桨等固壁边界时则会产生偶极子源,在低马赫数流动中是更为有效的声源。     

粘性流体通过二维振荡圆柱的声辐射研究

本文建立了一个低马赫数下的求解远场声密度的数值模型,该模型利用Navier-Stokes方程计算二维粘性流体通过固定/弹性支撑圆柱的流场,利用Lighthill声比拟理论计算该流场产生的水动力噪声.文中仔细地给出了远场二维声辐射的公式.利用这些公式分别讨论了不同雷诺数下(Re<200和Re>5000)固定/弹性支撑圆柱绕流的声辐射.     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.