高效AUV运动规划和任务时间管理的基于生物地理学的组合策略（英文）

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs) are capable of conducting various underwater missions and marine tasks over long periods of time. In this study, a novel conflict-free motion-planning framework is introduced. This framework enhances AUV mission performance by completing the maximum number of highest priority tasks in a limited time through a large-scale waypoint cluttered operating field and ensuring safe deployment during the mission. The proposed combinatorial route-path-planner model takes advantage of the BiogeographyBased Optimization(BBO) algorithm to satisfy the objectives of both higher-and lower-level motion planners and guarantee the maximization of mission productivity for a single vehicle operation. The performance of the model is investigated under different scenarios, including cost constraints in time-varying operating fields. To demonstrate the reliability of the proposed model, the performance of each motion planner is separately assessed and statistical analysis is conducted to evaluate the total performance of the entire model. The simulation results indicate the stability of the proposed model and the feasibility of its application to real-time experiments.     

水下拖曳系统水动力特性的计算流体力学分析

提出了一种新型的水下拖曳系统三维水动力数学模型。在该模型中拖曳缆绳的控制方程由Ablow andSchechter模型给出,Gertler and Hargen的水下运载体六自由度运动方程被用来描述拖曳体的水动力状态。通过对拖曳缆绳和拖曳体的控制方程在连接点处进行边界条件耦合,从而构成整个拖曳系统的水动力数学模型。在研究中,拖曳系统的水动力数学模型通过时间与空间的中心差分方程来逼近,每一时刻拖曳体所受的水动力通过求解Navier-Stokes方程得到。所提出的模型特别适用于拖曳体为非回转体、非流线型的主体,或必须考虑拖曳体各组成部分的水动力相互影响的情况。计算结果与相应的实验室样机试验结果的比较表明,所提出的模型可以有效地预报拖曳系统的水动力特性。利用所提出的水动力模型,对华南理工大学提出的自主稳定可控制水下拖曳体在实际海况下的数值模拟结果显示,所分析的拖曳体具有良好的运动与姿态稳定性,是一种值得开发研究的新型水下拖曳体。     

基于差分进化算法的自主式水下航行器在时变水下环境中的快速路径规划方法（英文）

Robust and efficient AUV path planning is a key element for persistence AUV maneuvering in variable underwater environments. To develop such a path planning system, in this study, differential evolution(DE) algorithm is employed. The performance of the DE-based planner in generating time-efficient paths to direct the AUV from its initial conditions to the target of interest is investigated within a complexed 3D underwater environment incorporated with turbulent current vector fields, coastal area,islands, and static/dynamic obstacles. The results of simulations indicate the inherent efficiency of the DE-based path planner as it is capable of extracting feasible areas of a real map to determine the allowed spaces for the vehicle deployment while coping undesired current disturbances, exploiting desirable currents, and avoiding collision boundaries in directing the vehicle to its destination. The results are implementable for a realistic scenario and on-board real AUV as the DE planner satisfies all vehicular and environmental constraints while minimizing the travel time/distance, in a computationally efficient manner.     

基于未知声速的水下三维单信标定位模型

现有水下单信标定位通常考虑航行器在二维运动状态下建立动力学模型,但实际上航行器在三维状态下运动.针对其三维运动的特点,将水深作为新的状态变量,基于原有5个状态变量,提出一种新型水下单信标定位模型,并建立相应的过程噪声模型.使用仿真数据,对比新型水下单信标定位模型与传统模型,利用卡尔曼滤波输出评估2种模型的定位精度.仿真...     

高速无舵翼水下机器人运动控制研究

通过改进传统水下机器人体系结构中的执行层、控制层和感知层,提出了无舵翼水下机器人的运动控制系统,使得水下机器人的运动控制系统在保持原有精确定位的功能外,也能完成远距离高速航行等任务.具体的改变包括执行层中的推进器布置方式以及推力分配方案、控制层中的控制方法以及在感知层中加入局部目标规划器,这些改变解决了高速航行给无舵翼水下机器人带来的一系列问题.海上进行的对比试验和远距离长航试验,验证了无舵翼水下机器人在所提出的运动控制系统控制下是可以满足任务要求的.     

水下航行体空间操纵性预报研究

通过建立水下航行体空间的操纵运动数学模型,运用Visual C++设计开发水下航行体操纵运动预报系统,对水下航行体水平面、垂直面及空间典型操纵运动进行数值预报,数值模拟结果合理,能够较为全面地预报水下航行体的空间操纵运动。     

“海筝Ⅱ型”遥控自治水下机器人的运动控制研究

论文以＂海筝Ⅱ型＂遥控自治水下机器人为研究对象,简要介绍了该型水下机器人的总体性能和运动模型,着重对其运动控制展开研究。利用模糊PID算法来实现该型水下机器人的运动控制。并通过仿真和一系列的试验来验证其控制性能。     

An integrated GPS/DR navigation system for AUV

GPS/Dead-reckoning navigation system for autonomous underwater vehicle （AUV） is introduced, which includes navigation overall architecture, hardware and software structure. Dead-reckoning theory is presented in details. And the strong tracking Kalman filter and Singer model are applied to handle the imprecise navigation mode, which can improve the navigation system＇s precision and reliability. Finally, the sea experiments which include autonomous search mission in an unknown area and long distance motion are conducted to demonstrate the reliability and feasibility of the navigation system.     

带吊舱水下机器人运动建模与仿真(英文)

To provide a simulation system platform for designing and debugging a small autonomous underwater vehicle’s (AUV) motion controller, a six-degree of freedom (6-DOF) dynamic model for AUV controlled by thruster and fins with appendages is examined. Based on the dynamic model, a simulation system for the AUV’s motion is established. The different kinds of typical motions are simulated to analyze the motion performance and the maneuverability of the AUV. In order to evaluate the influences of appendages on the motion performance of the AUV, simulations of the AUV with and without appendages are performed and compared. The results demonstrate the AUV has good maneuverability with and without appendages.     

基于三元可控速度矩法的水下航行体推进泵参数化设计方法

随着水下航行体对推进器高性能和低噪声要求与日俱增,迫切需要研究适用于水下航行体的推进泵.本文选出影响水下航行体推进泵水动力性能的主要参数,基于三元可控速度矩方法,编写Matlab程序对推进泵进行参数化设计,并结合CFD数值模拟方法进行设计优化与试验验证.CFD计算结果表明模型泵水力效率能达到83%,达到设计目标并准确把握了设计工况点,验证了本方法的可靠性,为开发高性能水下航行体推进泵奠定基础.     

基于粒子群优化算法的水下航行器深度控制研究

提出了一种基于粒子群优化算法的水下航行器深度控制器参数优化设计方法。针对水下航行器运动参数变化的特性,采用粒子群优化算法收敛速度快、寻优特性好等特点,将其应用到控制器参数的优化设计中。仿真结果表明,利用粒子群优化算法进行优化设计的水下航行器深度控制器具有良好的控制性能。     

移动式水下观测网络试验节点研制

研制了一种低成本的试验节点作为移动式水下观测网络(MUSN)的有效技术验证平台。以一种现有的可在水面航行的小型运载器为基础,引入深度控制系统,得到了一种可以在浅水域完成可控运动的移动试验节点。针对MUSN节点间距较小的特点,提出了可抵偿偏差的移动定位算法,利用水声MODEM的测距信息实现节点在水下移动时较精确的定位。露天水域试验验证了该节点路径跟踪的性能,精度满足应用需要。该节点具备自主航行和节点间通信能力,可以用于MUSN协调控制技术的验证研究。     

水下机器人近水面横摇运动的解耦控制

水下机器人在近水面低速航行时,为了有效克服海浪干扰的作用,提高水下机器人横摇控制的性能,依据解耦控制理论和零航速减摇鳍的工作原理,在水下机器人水平面运动耦合模型的基础上运用解耦控制方法进行横摇控制.该方法将水平面运动耦合模型分解为横荡、横摇和艏摇三个子系统进行分析,根据期望性能指标配置横摇子系统模型的极点,并将均方差最小线性递推滤波算法引入到状态信号的反馈通路中.通过对各种海情下水下机器人的横摇运动姿态进行仿真,结果表明:该解耦控制方法可应用于水下机器人近水面横摇运动的控制,其控制结果良好.     

AUV水下回收过程中的操纵性仿真研究

在建立自主水下航行器(简称 AUV)六自由度运动模型的基础上,基于势流理论建立了潜艇运动扰动流场对 AUV 扰动力的计算模型,并对回转体 AUV 在回收时靠近潜艇过程中的操纵性进行了仿真,仿真结果显示,AUV 在靠近潜艇的过程中,潜艇扰动流场对 AUV 深度和侧向位移有较大的影响,而对姿态角的影响较小,因此,回转体 AUV 可以稳定地完成水下的回收运动。     

悬停系统运行品质对潜艇悬停操纵的影响

为满足潜艇水下悬停的战术需求,潜艇悬停系统必须控制潜艇按规定的稳定精度悬停在指令深度上,因此悬停系统运行品质对潜艇能否顺利完成战术任务较为重要。以模型潜艇为研究对象,在潜艇悬停运动基本数学模型、海洋环境干扰力模型和悬停水舱注排水控制模型的基础上进行仿真计算,研究悬停系统运行品质的3个关键指标,即流量计误差、悬停水舱注排水速率和最小注排水量对潜艇悬停操纵的影响,分析悬停系统运行品质与悬停稳定性之间的逻辑关系,研究结论可为悬停系统关键指标的设计优化和潜艇操艇系统的性能改进提供有益参考。     

A novel tracking control approach for unmanned underwater vehicles based on bio-inspired neurodynamics

A novel hybrid control approach is presented for trajectory tracking control of unmanned underwater vehicles in this paper. The kinematic and dynamic controllers are integrated by the proposed control strategy. The paper has two objectives. Firstly, an improved backstep method is proposed to generate the virtual velocity using a bio-inspired neurodynamics model in the kinematic controller. The bio-inspired neurodynamics model is intended to smooth the virtual velocity output to avoid speed jumps of the unmanned underwater vehicle caused by tracking errors and to meet the thruster control constraints. Secondly, a new sliding-mode method is added to the dynamic controller, which is robust against parameter inaccuracy and disturbances. The combined kinematic–dynamic control law is applied to the trajectory tracking problem of two different types of unmanned underwater vehicle. Finally, simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed controller.     

框架四叉树的自主水下航行器追踪动态目标研究(英文)

An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) must use an algorithm to plan its path to distant, mobile offshore objects. Because of the uneven distribution of obstacles in the real world, the efficiency of the algorithm decreases if the global environment is represented by regular grids with all of them at the highest resolution. The framed quadtree data structure is able to more efficiently represent the environment. When planning the path, the dynamic object is expressed instead as several static objects which are used by the path planner to update the path. By taking account of the characteristics of the framed quadtree, objects can be projected on the frame nodes to increase the precision of the path. Analysis and simulations showed the proposed planner could increase efficiency while improving the ability of the AUV to follow an object.     

Robustness of autonomous underwater vehicle control in variable working conditions

The performance of the control systems of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) in the presence of parameter variations was studied. With an AUV working at different operating speeds and in different ocean environments, the physical parameters such as speed, hydrodynamic coefficients, or inertias may be perturbed from their nominal values. The vehicle control systems can be modeled as systems with parameter uncertainty. An existing robust control method, which uses the robustness properties of polynomials, was used for this system to calculate the permissible ranges of variation in the parameters. The method was applied to the Naval Postgraduate School AUV II and the results were verified by simulating the motion control of the vehicle under the influence of parameter perturbations.     

AUV navigation around jacket structures II: map based path-planning and guidance

This paper proposes a path-planning and guidance strategy for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to perform detailed inspections of jacket structures such as the support legs of offshore platforms. Inspections of such structures are important for maintenance, security, and environmental assessment. These tasks can be carried out at a less cost by using AUVs than through conventional methods. The path-planning method generates a set of waypoints to facilitate the complete coverage of the surface of the target from a constant distance based on the given information about the configurations of both the target and the vehicle. The guidance method actually controls the vehicle such that it follows the waypoints, under the assumption that the position and attitude of the vehicle are being estimated in real time with adequate accuracy. By combining these methods with the localization method we had previously proposed (Maki et al., J Mar Sci Technol [1]) an AUV can perform a fully autonomous observation of jacket structures with prior knowledge of only their configuration. The performance of the method was verified though tank experiments using the AUV Tri-Dog 1. A simple model of a jacket was installed in a test tank, and the vehicle succeeded in inspecting the target.     

水下无人航行器外挂吊舱水动力试验及操纵性分析

在循环水槽开展了某带吊舱水下无人航行器的水动力试验,绘制出了航行器阻力曲线,得到了与操纵性相关的主要水动力系数,在此基础上对水下无人航行器的运动稳定性进行了分析,并与不带吊舱情况下的水下无人航行器操纵性进行了比较。试验结果可为水下无人航行器推进系统设计及运动控制与仿真提供依据。