船体外板自重引起的纵向变形

本文定量地给出了外板自重对纵向弯曲成形的影响,深入了水火加工成形中纵向弯曲变形的研究。     

水面舰艇总体弯曲变形对纵向布置曲柄摇杆机构设计的影响

在水面舰艇机械的传统设计中一般不考虑机架伸缩变形对机构运行的影响。事实上，水面舰艇的纵向弯曲变形会使沿舰体纵向布置曲柄摇杆机构的机架产生一定程度的伸长和缩减。机架这种伸缩会直接影响特殊曲柄摇杆机构的正常运行。为了避免水面舰艇总体弯曲变形对曲柄摇杆机构运行的影响，本文提出一组适用于沿水面舰艇纵向布置曲柄摇杆机构设计的简易公式。     

固有应变的概念及其在船舶建造中的应用

本文阐述了固有应变的基本概念及影响因素,介绍了以固有应变为基础的弹性板单元有限元残余变形预测法。通过典型船体结构的焊接变形预测和船板的热应力弯曲成形变形计算的实例,验证了固有应变为基础的弹性板单元有限元残余变形预测法在船舶工业中应用的可行性。     

船体曲率板感应加热成形工艺研究

[目的]在船舶建造过程中,板材的弯曲成形工艺不仅影响建造成本及周期,而且其成形精度也会影响船舶的水动力性能及其运营成本。[方法]针对船体板材双曲率成形效率低且精度差等问题,首先以感应加热作为热源,实现热弯成形,得到典型的帆形曲率板;然后通过高效的热?弹?塑性有限元(TEP FE)计算及基于弯曲力矩的弹性有限元计算,再现板材双曲率热弯成形的力学响应;同时,研究感应加热过程工艺参数影响板材弯曲成形的力学机理,提出线性逼近迭代二分法,实现板材热弯成形中加热位置和热源移动速度等工艺规划,并进行板材热弯成形过程及参数的有限元计算验证。[结果]结果显示,采用基于规划的工艺参数计算分析所得面外弯曲变形与目标曲率板的弯曲形状相当吻合。[结论]研究结果验证了线性逼近迭代二分法在实际工程应用中的可行性和准确性,并为曲率板成形工艺的优化提供了新的解决方案。     

线加热实现枕型船体外板成形的弹性有限元分析

基于固有变形理论和弹性有限元分析,以氧-乙炔火焰加热的固有变形为输入参数,应用弹性有限元分析预测船体板材的面外变形;对比两种不同加热模式下板材受热弯曲成形的效率。研究分析表明,弹性有限元分析可高效地预测板材成形的效果,且从边缘到边缘的平行线加热模式,更有利于板材的弯曲成形。     

火车渡轮柔性轨道受力变形计算

针对一种以短轨构成,并在短轨之间预留伸缩间隙的柔性连接轨道,用力学原理研究了这种柔性轨道在力和力矩作用下的弯曲变形规律.推导了柔性轨道弯曲变形量与受力或力矩大小的函数关系式.在轨道实际可能的变形范围内,计算了产生不同变形量所需要的力或力矩的大小.结果表明其量级并不很大,在工程实践中是易于实现的.从而从力学角度证明这种柔性连接轨道的可行性.     

船舶压力容器板冷态一次滚弯成形力学手段的研究

本文运用弹塑性力学理论对船舶压力容器板在对称三辊弯板机中发生冷态弹塑性弯曲时的受力及变形作了系统的分析及研究,提出一组确定中心辊进给量及施加力的理论计算公式。按此进给量工作,可使容器板一次弯曲成形。     

基于高频感应加热的船用钢板材弯曲成形

在船舶建造过程中,高频感应加热是实现船体板材高效高精度弯曲成形的重要方法。首先采用25 kW新型高频感应加热设备,进行不同感应加热过程及工艺的试验,得到典型弯曲形式的船体外板(马鞍型和帆型)。同时,采用三坐标定位仪进行面外弯曲变形的测量和曲面重构,得到试验板材面外弯曲变形的分布和数值。通过热-弹-塑性有限元分析与弹性有限元分析两种方法,计算预测板材在高频感应加热作用下的面外弯曲变形,两种数值方法预测的板材面外弯曲变形趋势和数值与测量结果比较吻合,且在弹性有限元分析中,计算机资源消耗少,计算结果精度高。     

基于高频感应加热的船用钢板材弯曲成形

在船舶建造过程中,高频感应加热是实现船体板材高效高精度弯曲成形的重要方法。本文首先采用25KW新型高频感应加热设备,进行不同感应加热过程及工艺的实验,得到典型弯曲形式的船体外板（马鞍型和帆型）。同时,采用三坐标定位仪进行面外弯曲变形的测量和曲面重构,得到实验板材面外弯曲变形的分布和数值。通过热-弹-塑性有限元分析与弹性有限元分析两种方法,计算预测板材在高频感应加热作用下的面外弯曲变形;两种数值方法预测的板材面外弯曲变形趋势和数值与测量结果比较吻合,且在弹性有限元分析中,计算机资源消耗少,计算结果精度高。     

不同冷却方式对大尺寸钢板感应加热成形的影响

为有效解决船用中厚钢板复杂曲面加工问题,研究空气冷却(空冷)、正面水冷和反面水冷方式对大尺寸钢板弯曲成形的影响因素。首先采用COMSOL Multiphysics仿真平台模拟电磁感应加热和冷却变形多物理场同步耦合过程,然后分析各种因素对大尺寸钢板弯曲成形的影响,最后通过试验验证有限元模型的可靠性,并对感应加热弯曲成形效果进行评估。结果表明:相对于水冷,空气冷却对钢板Y向位移改变效果显著;相对于空气冷却,水冷对钢板角位移的改变影响明显;当频率为50 k Hz时,电流频率对表面温度和角位移影响显著;当钢板长宽比不小于1∶2时,Y向位移的增加比较显著;当长宽比约为1∶1时,角位移的改变比较明显。     

土工模袋砂竖向抗压强度及其影响因素*

开展了不同尺寸、数量及充填度下的模袋砂单轴压缩试验,深入研究模袋砂界面摩擦特性、充填度及尺寸对其抗压强度和破坏机理的影响。基于现有研究成果,推导了综合考虑模袋砂间相互作用和充填度影响的模袋砂抗压强度计算公式。研究结果表明：单个模袋砂试验抗压强度远大于多个模袋砂试验结果,且随充填度的减小愈发显著,因此现有针对单个模袋砂的试验研究存在不足。模袋砂抗压强度随着充填度的增加而减小,尺寸效应对模袋砂受力变形规律影响很小,而对其承载力影响明显。不同充填度模袋砂破坏机理不尽相同,充填度较大时,模袋砂很快进入张拉变形而破坏,破坏主要发生在模袋缝制接口等相对薄弱处;随着充填度的减小,模袋砂破坏主要由砂应变局部化所致,表现为接触界面处的渐进破坏,因破坏不易发现而对实际工程较为不利。与试验结果对比表明,完善后的理论计算方法可用于模袋砂整体张拉破坏时抗压强度预测     

Effect of pitting corrosion on local strength of hold frames of bulk carriers (1st report)

Firstly, pitting corrosion observed on hold frames in way of cargo holds of bulk carriers which exclusively carry coal and iron ore has been investigated in detail. It was shown that the shape of the corrosion pits observed on them is a circular cone and the ratio of the diameter to the depth is in the range between 8 to 1 and 10 to 1, which is different from the trend observed for the bottom shell of the oil tanker where the ratio is in the range between 4 to 1 and 6 to1.Secondly, a series of tensile tests has been conducted to investigate the effect of pitting corrosion on tensile strength of members. It was pointed out that the tensile strength decreases gradually and the total elongation decreases drastically with the increase of the thickness loss due to pitting corrosion. The reduction of the tensile strength of the members with pitting corrosion is larger than that of members with uniform thickness loss in terms of average thickness loss.Thirdly, a series of compressive buckling tests has been performed to examine the influence of pitting corrosion on buckling behavior of members. It was found that compressive buckling strength of pitted members is smaller than or equal to that of members with uniform thickness loss in terms of average thickness loss.Finally, an elasto-plastic analysis by FEM has been carried out to simulate the compressive buckling test in order to validate the method of modeling members with pitting corrosion. An attempt has been made to simulate the compressive buckling behavior of pitted members using shell elements of which meshing size is almost the same as the original thickness of the pitted plate.     

水火弯板变形的描述方法

在分析了角变形、线变形描述法和位移场描述法的基础上，提出了水火弯板变形的整体描述法。实验及有限元计算表明，水火弯板的变形非常复杂，一般所用的角变形线变形描述过于简单，不能精确描述水火弯板的变形场。用位移场描述水火弯板的变形又因计算结果的复杂性而难以实现。如果从整体变形角度考虑，水火弯板的变形可以用变形后的上下表面形状、平面内的扭曲变形、沿板宽变化的横向收缩及沿板长变化的纵向收缩全面描述，并可进一步由计算结果得出合适的曲面方程及收缩变形函数。     

Experimental and numerical study of localized pitting effect on compressive behavior of tubular members

Locally pitted tubular members are usually considered as stub columns to assess the ultimate strength. However, it is not suitable for those with relatively larger slenderness ratios as their failure behavior is more complex and closely related to corrosion features of localized pitting. This paper presents compressive column tests on locally pitted tubular members of a moderate slenderness ratio. Corrosion pits were artificially introduced on local surface of the members, forming corrosion patches with various corrosion features. A numerical modelling method was proposed to reproduce the test specimens. Localized pitting damage was proven to cause substantial declines in the load deformation capacity and ultimate strength, and have a significant effect on the failure mode. The failure of a pitted member is mostly initiated by local buckling after yielding occurs in the corrosion patch, concurrent with pitting closure, and even shear cracking of member wall due to the perforated pits. Moreover, shape change of the corrosion patch most likely results in the failure mode to alter from column buckling to local buckling or interactive buckling. The shape ratio of the corrosion patch is one of the critical factor to influence the ultimate strength of locally pitted members. The proposed modelling method is applicable for extensive stochastic simulations so as to develop an empirical formula and to clarify the probabilistic characteristics of ultimate strength.     

一种双向曲率板成型应变分布的力学计算方法

在双向曲率板线加热成型及滚压成型的工艺设计研究中,一项十分重要的工作就是依据所需目标形状计算应变分布并以此确定加工路径和工艺参数,因此应变分布计算的精度直接影响到加工路径和工艺参数的准确性.本文介绍了一种基于力学方法的应变分布计算方法,首先对平板施加节点位移场进行弹塑性计算,由于存在回弹现象,需对节点位移场进行反变形修正,本文将得到的形状与目标进行对比后,再利用两者偏差对位移场进行迭代修正,直到两者偏差满足精度要求,最后将得到的应变场以初应变的形式输入到平板模型上,用初应变法的结果对应变的计算方法进行验证,证明该方法的精度,为后续加工路径和工艺参数的准确确定提供基础.     

基于参数曲面表达的帆形船体外板展开方法

本文提出了一种基于参数曲面表达的帆形船体板曲面的平面展开方法.该展开方法以三角网格平面逼近船体曲面和3D网格点摊平后出现开裂角为基础,展开过程可分为三个阶段:定义初始导向单元条,初始展开形状确定和展开形状优化.本文所提出的展开方法符合帆形船体板水火弯板变形特点,可以提供水火弯板成形收缩量,并已在实际的船体板曲面展开中得到验证,计算结果与船厂计算的收缩量数据基本相同.     

Axial compressive behavior of stainless steel tube confined concrete column piers

The steel tube confined concrete (STCC) column piers of marine structures have been proposed in recent years. The main advantages of STCC piers include the convenient construction process and improved core concrete strength. This research presents an experimental investigation on stainless steel tube confined concrete (SSTCC) column piers subjected to axial loading. Thirty two specimens were prepared and tested. Test variables included section shape, steel tube thickness, and concrete strength. Failure modes, axial ultimate compressive strength, strain characteristics, rigidity, confinement effect, and ductility were comprehensively investigated. Test results demonstrated that the main failure modes for circular and square specimens were concrete shear failure and steel tube fracture caused by concrete deformation, respectively. The axial compressive ultimate strength was affected by the tube thickness and concrete strength. The ultimate strength increased with the increase in the confinement factor, and the increasing ratio of the circular specimens was five times to that of square specimens. The differences in axial ultimate compressive strength of SSTCC column piers, carbon steel tube confined concrete column piers, and concrete filled steel tube column piers were also analyzed. Increasing tube thickness could increase the ductility and rigidity of the specimens. Moreover, axial ultimate compressive strengths were calculated and discussed based on different calculation models.     

拉压载荷作用下裂纹板的振动研究

该文从理论上研究了受面内拉压载荷作用下裂纹板的振动问题。考虑各种参数,比如裂纹的长度、边界条件、载荷等对基频的影响。其结果与有限元进行了对比分析,得出频率随面内拉力的增大而增大,但随面内压力的增大而减小;此外,裂纹的尺寸与边界条件对频率的影响在文中也进行了详细的分析。     

考虑累积塑性的船体裂纹板变幅低周疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

船舶结构的扩展断裂失效往往是低周疲劳破坏和累积递增塑性耦合作用的结果,疲劳裂纹的扩展就是裂纹尖端前缘材料刚度不断降低、延展性不断耗失而逐渐分离的过程。基于弹塑性断裂力学理论,文章在作者对常幅载荷下提出的考虑累积塑性损伤的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率预测模型的基础上对具有单个过载峰的拉伸/压缩过载下的扩展行为进行了研究。通过低周疲劳裂纹扩展试验进一步验证了该预测模型能合理评估具有单个过载峰的拉伸/压缩过载下的低周疲劳裂纹扩展行为。     

塑性混凝土的研究

防渗墙采用塑性混凝土施工,应具有良好的可施工性,通过塑性混凝土配合比的设计,可以满足其施工要求。当固定膨润土的掺量、改变水泥用量时,塑性混凝土28 d的立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、立方体劈裂抗拉强度、轴心抗拉强度、静力抗压弹性模量随着水泥用量的增加而增加;如果固定水泥掺量、改变膨润土的掺量时,结果却与其相反。