气泡高速艇波浪中阻力及纵向运动模型试验研究

在高速拖曳水池里,开展了气泡高速艇规则波中阻力及纵向运动模型试验,研究了气流量、艇型、艇底开槽等因素对气层减阻率及艇体纵向运动性能的影响。结果表明:艇底形式对波浪中的气层减阻率有重要影响。艇底设置断阶时,在短波中减阻率为5%,长波中的减阻率达20.5%;艇底开槽时,在试验波长范围内,减阻率可达30%左右;对本身具有良好喷溅抑制作用的艇型,艇底直接喷气减阻率为8%,且不受波长变化的影响。艇底气层对纵向运动性能影响较小,长波中还略有改善;艇底槽深主要影响不喷气时的阻力,对饱和喷气下的阻力影响甚微。     

B.H.型气泡滑行艇阻力模型试验研究

通过艇底开槽的B.H.型气泡滑行艇(简称为B.H.艇)气层减阻的模型试验,初步研究了不同因素(气流量、艇速、开槽方式等)对B.H.艇的气层减阻规律及运动姿态的影响,并对艇底流态进行了较全面的观测.结果表明:当空腔在艇底的投影面积相同时,不同开槽方式对喷气减阻效果的影响不大;航速与气流量均是影响B.H.艇气层减阻效果的重要因素,在饱和气流量下B.H.艇的相对减阻率可达50%以上,绝对减阻率可达15%以上.开槽使得不喷气时的阻力增加较大,但空腔对保持气层的稳定性是相当有利的.     

低速船舶微气泡减阻数值研究

为了研究船舶微气泡减阻规律,本文基于OpenFOAM中两相欧拉数值模型,对低速散货船进行微气泡减阻数值研究。对气液两相分别建立控制方程,考虑五种相间作用力及气泡聚合和破碎,采用考虑气泡影响的改进k-ε湍流模型,忽略自由面影响,采用叠模模型研究喷气量、气泡直径、航速及吃水等因素对船舶微气泡减阻的影响,分析气体体积分数、湍流粘度和气泡直径分布等。结果表明：微气泡可以同时减少船舶摩擦阻力、粘压阻力和总阻力;喷气量直接影响减阻率,喷气量越大,减阻率越高;较小气泡的平均气体体积分数较大且气体分布更均匀,同时湍流运动粘度较小,可以更有效减阻;气泡沿着流向会聚并,气泡越小聚并越剧烈;较高航速和小吃水更有利于减阻。     

平板微气泡减阻预报及影响因素研究

假定气-液两相流均匀混合,且微气泡在水流中存在滑移,运用流体计算软件Fluent中的混合多相流模型对平板微气泡减阻过程进行数值模拟,研究了微气泡流的减阻机理及喷气速度与主流速度之比、微气泡大小、空隙率分布等对水中运动平板减阻效果的影响规律,并指出微气泡减阻率为喷气速度与主流速度之比的非线性对数函数,且存在相对饱和喷气速度,同时建立了一个平板微气泡减阻率大小的预报模型,并从理论上对减阻效果进行了预报。     

提高气泡船减阻率的技术措施

通过对高速艇艇底不同位置加设纵向防逸条,来控制气泡沿船体横向的逸出,增大艇底气泡的体积浓度,提高气泡船的减阻效果。考虑船体横剖面形状对气泡逸出的影响,特别是纵剖线形状的影响,又对优化后的新船型进行了气泡减阻计算。通过对计算结果的比较分析,寻求控制气泡逃逸的最佳技术措施。     

滑行艇气层减阻试验

通过对三种艇型及不同的喷气方式的模型试验，研究了断阶滑行艇模型气层减阻的实施途径及减阻效果，取得了总阻力减少25％以上 结果，提出了一种适合于采用气层减阻技术且阻力性能优良的艇型。垂向舭板可减少滑行艇的高速阻力，但阻力减少的程度与艇型有关。底部斜升角较小时，有利于气层减阻。气层减阻率大于舭板减阻率，对底部斜升角较大且艇底扭曲、艏部设置适当的纵向防溅条、舯部设置楔形板的深Ⅴ型艇，垂向舭板对其阻力的影响不大，这种深Ⅴ型艇的阻力性能较佳，若喷气，其总阻力还可进一步减少15％。孔喷时，孔径采0.5mm或1.3mm对模型阻力的影响甚微，采用0.4mm缝叶的模型阻力比用孔喷时略大，采用较大孔喷或缝喷有利于工程上的喷气实施。     

两相流相互作用下的船模微气泡减阻性能数值仿真

基于两相流理论,对集装箱船船模进行微气泡减阻性能数值仿真研究。分析船模在不同喷气口位置、流体含气率、不同喷射速度和角度下的流场分布和减阻效果。结果表明：当流体微气泡含量过高时,会增大船体摩擦阻力,流体含气率为10%~20%时,有较好的减阻效果,喷气口位置在距离球鼻艏后缘约三分之一船长附近具有较高的空气覆盖率,喷气口喷气方向垂直向下所产生的减阻效果比喷气方向偏向船侧效果要好,且船速较高时可允许较高含气率流体注入流场并增大减阻效果。     

两相流相互作用下的船模微气泡减阻性能数值仿真

基于两相流理论,对集装箱船船模进行微气泡减阻性能数值仿真研究。分析船模在不同喷气口位置、不同流体含气率、不同喷射速度和不同喷射角度下的流场分布和减阻效果。结果表明:当流体内的微气泡含量过高时,会增大船体的摩擦阻力,流体的含气率为10%～20%时有较好的减阻效果,喷气口在距离球鼻艏后缘约1/3船长附近具有较高的空气覆盖率,喷气口喷气方向垂直向下产生的减阻效果比喷气方向偏向船侧产生的减阻效果要好,且船速较高时可允许含气率较高的流体注入流场并增大减阻效果。     

过渡型艇微气泡减阻喷缝尺度影响数值计算(英文)

针对一优良过渡型艇,为喷气需要进行船底断阶,采用有限体积法、SIMPLEC算法和k-ε两方程湍流模型,不计自由面影响,计及气泡与水的相对运动,数值求解包含气液两相流的雷诺平均控制方程组。获得不同喷缝宽度、不同傅汝德数和相对喷气速度下的船舶的阻力特性和气泡浓度分布规律并与模型实验结果进行对比分析。结果显示:在获得高减阻率条件下,Cn随Fr增加而呈非线性增加,当Fr=0.779时,Cn达到最大值;在获得25%减阻率的条件下,Fr=0.973时相对喷缝宽度为0.112所需喷气量最小即喷气所消耗功率最小。计算结果可为高速气泡船喷缝参数设计提供参考。     

船舶微气泡减阻数值试验研究

针对二维平底型近似船舶，从船首底部喷气生成微气泡，考虑了气-水两相的相间阻力、相间升力、相间压力和虚质量力以及气泡对湍流的作用，采用Lam-Bremhorst低雷诺拓展的K-ε模型，应用Inter-Phase Slip Algorithm相间滑移算法，在不同来流雷诺数、微气泡浓度下进行了微气泡减阻的数值试验，所得结果与模型试验结果定性符合，可为微气泡减阻技术的推广应用提供参考依据。     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.