帆船帆翼空气动力性能数值模拟分析

采用求解雷诺平均纳维尔-斯托克斯方程,比较均匀风和梯度风下无桅杆和圆柱型桅杆的升力系数、阻力系数、力矩系数以及压力中心随攻角变化的差异。为了更加接近实际比赛情况,在数值模拟中采用梯度风进行数值模拟。对于来流风的简化模式研究为下一步的帆翼空气动力性能数值模拟与帆船调帆研究打下了基础。     

基于CFD的风帆助航船阻力特性研究

现有关于风帆船的研究大多针对帆型的优化,而对风帆助航船阻力特性的研究相对较少.文中以风帆助航船的阻力预报为研究背景,利用数值模拟软件STAR CCM+,对风帆船的阻力特性进行模拟研究.首先,选取椭圆弧形风帆,利用重叠网格技术模拟计算出不同风向、不同几何攻角下的风帆受力情况.然后,将帆与船作为一个整体,应用VOF方法对不同风向、不同漂角下风帆船的阻力性能进行预报.在研究中得到了不同风向下获得较好助推性能所对应的几何攻角;发现了船舶阻力随漂角的增大而增大,且增大的幅度越来越大;得出了该风帆船在设计航速下,通过风帆角度的调整可使阻力减少23.3%.     

帆船整体空气动力性能的数值模拟

针对帆船船体与帆翼之间存在空气动力性能相互影响的问题,基于雷诺平均方程和Standard k-ε湍流模型,对帆船的整体空气动力性能进行了数值模拟和分析。首先考虑帆翼在有/无船体两种情况下,计算得到不同攻角下的帆翼升力系数和阻力系数,以及不同相对风向角下的帆船整体推力系数和横向力系数,通过对比验证了帆翼和船体两者的气动力之间存在着较强的非线性干扰。同时建立帆船整体空气动力数据库,在不同相对风向下,根据帆船气动力随攻角的变化曲线,得到帆船整体的最大推力系数,最终生成不同相对风向角下的最佳操帆规则,为帆船驾驶人员实时调整帆角提供理论依据和数据参考。     

小攻角下水下高速航行体超空泡流特性研究

为研究小攻角下水下高速航行体超空泡形态及水动力特性,利用商业CFD软件Fluent6.2,对小攻角下高速航行体超空泡流进行数值模拟,分析了空化数、攻角对水下高速航行体空泡形态以及水动力特性的影响规律.研究表明,攻角为能够明显改变空泡形态的轴对称性;攻角越大,航行体的阻力系数也增大,不利于超空泡的减阻,甚至会导致航行体的失稳.研究结果将为开展水下高速航行体超空泡实验研究提供理论参考.     

转筒帆空气动力性能的数值研究

为分析转筒帆的空气动力性能及影响因素,在介绍旋转圆柱的空气动力学原理及受力情况的基础上,运用FLUENT软件对转筒帆进行数值仿真研究,仿真分析结果表明,影响转筒帆空气动力性能的主要因素为速度比,并得到不同速度比时转筒帆的空气动力特性.     

潜艇近海底运动水动力数值计算分析研究

本文以SUBOFF潜艇模型为研究对象,利用FLUENT6.1软件,数值模拟了无限水域下的变攻角水动力特性曲线,与泰勒水池的模型试验结果比较分析表明,数值模拟具有较好的精度.本文用FLUENT6.1软件进一步计算分析了SUBOFF潜艇模型带攻角、带漂角、不同近底距离直航状态下的水动力特性,结果表明:无论有无攻角和漂角存在,潜艇运动(除阻力外)的五个水动力分量随近底距离的变化与"近底距离倒数平方"呈良好的线性关系,例如,Z(H)∝1/H2,或Z′(ζ)∝ζ2,其中ζ=D/H为无量纲近底参数.     

马格努斯圆柱及变角度襟翼对无人帆船气动性能的影响北大核心CSCD

[目的]旨在研究马格努斯翼型和变角度襟翼对无人帆船气动性能的影响及其优化,以提高无人帆船的航行效率。[方法]采用CFD方法,以NACA 0021翼型作为无人帆船主翼帆的基准翼型,在主翼帆顶缘耦合马格努斯圆柱,分析马格努斯圆柱关键参数(直径、位置和间隔)对翼型升阻特性的影响规律;在主翼帆顶缘耦合马格努斯圆柱的基础上,将襟翼帆嵌入主翼帆尾缘,研究不同襟翼帆偏转角下翼型周围流场和升阻特性及其对无人帆船推力性能的影响规律。[结果]结果表明:在大攻角下,马格努斯圆柱对翼型气动性能具有提升作用,在所研究参数范围内翼型升阻比与马格努斯圆柱位置正相关,与马格努斯圆柱直径和间隔负相关,其中圆柱的直径和间隔对翼型气动性能影响较大,位置的影响最小;在小攻角下,变角度襟翼帆对翼型气动性能的提升更明显,在0°~15°攻角内,翼型的升阻比与襟翼帆偏转角正相关;在马格努斯圆柱及襟翼帆共同作用下,风帆推力系数最大提升27%,且与襟翼帆的偏转角正相关。[结论]研究结果可为马格努斯圆柱及嵌入式襟翼帆在无人帆船领域的应用提供参考。     

抽气式涡轮帆的气动力学分析研究

介绍了抽气式涡轮帆的结构和工作原理,使用Gambit软件建立了涡轮帆的模型,并采用RNG k-ε湍流模型描述了涡轮帆的动力学特性。利用Fluent软件对抽气式涡轮帆进行了数值模拟计算,并与风洞试验数据进行了对比,升阻力系数的模拟结果与试验数据变化趋势基本一致。计算了特定情况下椭圆筒不同偏转角时的升阻力系数,并模拟了不同旋转角下吸气强度以及旋转角为0°时分流板位置对涡轮帆升阻力系数的影响,为涡轮帆的优化选择提供了依据。     

不同来流条件下翼型积冰特性及其气动性能衰退规律数值模拟研究北大核心CSCD

[目的]旨在研究在寒冷环境下空气中大量存在的过冷水滴在船舶动力系统进气道中结冰对进气系统气动性能的影响。[方法]首先,以NACA 0012翼型为研究对象,对该翼型的气动性能进行数值计算,通过与实验值对比,验证所建立的模型和数值模拟方法的有效性;其次,采用拉格朗日法对过冷水滴的撞击特性进行数值模拟研究,采用用户自定义函数(UDF)对商业软件Fluent进行二次开发,对不同来流条件下该翼型的水收集系数进行数值模拟分析;最后,结合动网格技术和UDF自编程序对该翼型的结冰特性进行单向耦合的数值模拟研究,并分析结冰后的翼型气动性能。[结果]结果表明,来流攻角和水滴直径对水滴的撞击范围和及收集系数有较大影响,来流速度对水滴的撞击范围影响较小,但对水收集系数有一定影响。此外,在0°攻角条件下,翼型前缘积冰对其气动性能影响较小,但是,在5°攻角条件下,前缘积冰对其气动性能有严重影响。[结论]研究结果可为船舶动力系统进气道结冰预测分析以及后续防冰工作提供参考。     

风帆阵列气动干扰特性数值分析

针对某远洋散货船设计一套风帆阵列。为了研究风帆之间的相互干扰现象,利用CFD软件对单帆和风帆阵列的空气动力学特性进行数值模拟,分析风帆之间的干扰特征。结果表明,尽管变化趋势一致,但由于风帆阵列存在帆间的流场干扰,每只风帆的升/阻力系数都较单个风帆要小,特别是在攻角大于25°时,最大值相差30%左右,且阻力系数下降较快,这为风帆的实船布置和应用提供了参考。     

海面梯度风下一种翼型风帆的数值计算

引入一种近海面梯度风场的计算方法,通过Spalart—Allmaras湍流模型求解三维不可压流体的N—S方程,计算近海面风场实际分布下一种翼型风帆的气动表现。比较了定值风速气动特性与梯度风表观气动特性的升阻比,同时讨论了在所述条件下,应用定值风速气动特性分析海面实际风场下风帆表现引起的误差。     

Database of sail shapes versus sail performance and validation of numerical calculations for the upwind condition

A database of full-scale three-dimensional sail shapes is presented with the aerodynamic coefficients for the upwind condition of International Measurement System (IMS) type sails. Three-dimensional shape data are used for the input of numerical calculations and the results are compared with the measured sail performance. The sail shapes and performance were measured using sail dynamometer boat Fujin. This is a boat of 10.3-m length overall in which load cells and CCD cameras were installed to simultaneously measure the sail forces and shapes. At the same time, the sailing conditions of the boat, e.g., boat speed, heel angle, wind speed, and wind angle, were measured. The sail configurations tested were: mainsail with 130% jib, mainsail with 75% jib, and mainsail alone. Sail shapes were measured at several vertical positions for the shape parameters defined by: chord length, maximum draft, maximum draft position, entry angle at the luff, and exit angle at the leech, all of which finally yield three-dimensional coordinates of the sail geometry. The tabulated shape data, along with aerodynamic coefficients, are presented in this article. In addition, numerical flow simulations were performed for the measured sail shapes and the sailing conditions to investigate the capability and limitations of the methods through detailed comparison with the measurements. Two numerical methods were used: a vortex lattice method (VLM) and a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-based computational fluid dynamics method. The sail shape database, in association with the numerical results, provides a good benchmark for the sail performance analysis of the upwind condition of IMS type sails.     

Sail–sail and sail–hull interaction effects of hybrid-sail assisted bulk carrier

In a previously reported study, wind tunnel experiments were undertaken to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of hybrid-sails in isolation. Such sails are seen as providing a worthwhile reduction in the delivered power to the propeller and hence the engine generated thrust, with a corresponding reduction in the CO₂ production of diesel engine exhaust. In this paper, wind tunnel testing is used to investigate sail–sail interaction effects for two sets of four identical hybrid-sails, and the sail–hull interaction effects for the same two sets of four identical sails in the presence of a bulk carrier hullform. The analysis presented suggests that to build a sail-assisted ship requires an appreciation of the sail–sail and sail–hull interaction effects.     

Steady sailing performance of a hybrid-sail assisted bulk carrier

The steady sailing performance of a sail-assisted bulk carrier is investigated utilising towing-tank derived hydrodynamic derivatives and wind tunnel measured aerodynamic properties of the sails and the ship. The aerodynamic characteristics investigated include the ship hull at the fully-loaded draught, the sail–sail interaction effects for two sets of four identical hybrid-sails, and the sail–hull interaction effects for the same two sets of identical sails in the presence of the selected bulk carrier hull-form. This is in addition to lift–drag measurements of single isolated sails of each shape. The form of the two sets of soft sails was rectangular and triangular. This paper is concerned with assessing the benefits of a sail-assisted ship operation, and hence a steady-state rather than complete time-domain integrations of the governing equations are reported. The results of the completed analysis suggest that the benefits of the derived sail generated driving force are greater than the overhead of equipping the ship with a selected system of hybrid-sails. Sail-assisted ships could represent an important contribution to an improving global environment by reducing the demands for a driving force through the propeller.     

Sail optimization for upwind sailing: application in a Tornado, the Olympic class catamaran

A study of a boat's motion is carried out in order to analyze the aerodynamic properties of the optimal sail for obtaining the maximum velocity when sailing to windward. The mechanics study shows the optimal C _L and C _D for a given sail and how the shape of the aerodynamic polar of the sail should be. A parametrical analysis of the aerodynamics of a sail is then carried out varying the maximum camber, position of the maximum camber in the chord direction and position of the maximum camber in the mast direction. The parametric analysis is done numerically with a vortex lattice method (VLM) and experimentally in a wind tunnel. The results show that the influence of the relevant parameters studied can be reduced to the variation of two parameters, A and B, defining the polar of the sail, C _D = B + A ² C _L ²; and the influence of parameters A and B on the maximum VMG obtainable are calculated.     

基于CFD的风帆助航技术效能分析

在模型试验的基础上,运用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,分析了基于机翼理论的风翼帆船利用风能辅助推进的特性.在仿真软件Fluent的仿真计算的基础上,当采用风帆助航技术时,对风帆产生的推力及由此引起船舶阻力变化进行了分析,从而对风帆助航技术的效能进行评估与分析,得出了远洋船舶利用清洁能源(风能)在经济性与环保性方面的可行性.并提出风帆助航技术应用于大型远洋船舶后续需要解决的问题.     

风载荷下的大型远洋船舶风帆结构静力学仿真

以大型远洋船舶风帆为研究对象,参考国内外经验,设计一种新的风帆结构,利用Solidworks和ANSYS软件对该风帆进行有限元模型的建立及网格划分,并且对该风帆模型在7~10级风载荷下进行了仿真分析,最终得到了风帆模型在7~10级风载荷下的位移图和等效应力分布图。仿真结果表明,该风帆模型可承受10级及以下风载荷作用,同时也证明了该结构风帆的安全性和可靠性。     

“明州22”号船风帆骨架强度有限元分析

对集装箱船用风帆结构力状况进行了分析，用不同梁单元构造了风帆典型结构的有限元模型。通过对各应力分量进行分析，拽出了风帆结构的总体强度以及是易破坏的危险区域。     

风帆助航船操纵性研究

文中首先建立了风帆助航船的数学模型,计算和分析了帆对船在风中的风速限界线和可自由操纵区的影响,利用最优控制理论推导出使船在风中回转战术直径为最小的操帆规律的近似公式。然后对风帆助航船在风中的回转性能进行了数值计算,研究了帆的位置对船舶操纵性的影响。结果表明,风帆助航船若帆的位置布置得当,且适当地操帆,则其在风中的船舶操纵性能比未装帆时要好得多。     

基于翼型理论的风帆助航技术分析

分析目前船舶利用风能辅助推进的方式,在模型试验的基础上,分析翼型风帆和传统风帆的动力特性.对船舶应用基于翼型理论的风帆助航技术的经济性进行分析,提出在当前形势下船舶采用风帆助航技术的必要性及后续需要解决的问题.