城市客车用天然气电喷发动机的开发

介绍了一种城市客车用天然气（CNG）电喷发动机的开发,该发动机以增压中冷柴油机为基础进行改进设计,增加了电子控制系统、点火系统、CNG供给系统等,采用了稀薄燃烧技术,高能点火技术和CNG喷射技术,所开发的发动机在动力性、经济性和排放等方面均达到了满意的效果。     

基于柴油机的电控天然气发动机设计

在某柴油机基础上通过改进燃烧系统和进气系统,设计高能点火系统、燃料供给系统、电控单元、传感器及执行器,并加装三元催化转换器,采用闭环空燃比控制等措施,研制了压缩天然气(CNG)单燃料电控多点顺序喷射发动机。试验结果表明,天然气发动机的动力性能与排放性能达到了设计要求。     

单燃料天然气发动机试验研究

将一台6105Q柴油机改造为点燃式单燃料天然气发动机。对发动机的进气系统、燃烧系统等进行了优化设计。试验过程中配用了不同形式的天然气供气系统及点火系统。试验结果表明，天然气供气方式及点火系统的不同对天然气发动机的性能有较大影响。该天然气发动机采用电控多点燃气喷射技术及电控点火技术时，动力性与原柴油机相当，排放性能明显改善。     

CNG／汽油两用燃料发动机点火提前角控制试验研究

针对采用电控多点顺序喷射系统的CNG/汽油两用燃料发动机,采用改变原汽油机点火基准信号的方法,实现发动机使用CNG时点火提前角的增大,通过台架试验,定量研究点火提前角对其排放性能和动力性能的影响,确定点火提前角的调整方案,依据此方案设计了基于PIC单片机技术的点火提前控制器,有效提升了两用燃料发动机燃用天然气时的动力性能.     

车用CNG发动机理论空燃比与稀燃对比研究

文中对采用进气道内电控多点顺序喷射燃料供给方式的增压CNG发动机进行了实验研究,对理论空燃比条件下与稀燃条件下的发动机动力性、热负荷及排放性进行了对比分析。此外,文中同时给出了节气门开度及点火提前角及负荷对CNG发动机性能影响的分析结果。     

电控CNG单燃料发动机性能分析及试验研究

对电控CNG发动机的燃气喷射、点火控制和稀燃技术进行台架试验研究。研究结果表明:燃气喷射角度、点火提前角、点火能量和稀燃技术对CNG发动机动力性、经济性和排放性有着重要影响;试验结果为CNG发动机的结构设计和优化提供实验依据。     

电控可调涡轮增压天然气发动机开发

将一台CA488汽油机改造为电控可调涡轮增压天然气发动机。该发动机采用了电控多点燃气顺序喷射技术、电控高能点火技术、可调喷嘴涡轮增压技术及中冷技术。试验研究表明，采用可调喷嘴涡轮增压技术可提高发动机的进气量，优化增压器在全工况范围内与发动机的匹配，大幅度提高发动机的动力性与经济性：增压后天然气发动机的最大功率与原汽油机相当，低速转矩特性明显改善，同时发动机使用经济性也得到提高。     

D6114柴油/CNG双燃料发动机的试验研究

D6114柴油/CNG双燃料增压中冷发动机当以双燃料方式工作时,发动机起动和怠速只燃用柴油;当转速超过某设定值,电控系统发出指令限制柴油的喷油量,天然气经混合器进入气缸参与燃烧,此时少量柴油供给主要起引燃作用,发动机负荷变化则通过改变天然气供给量的大小来实现。分析了进气温度、替代率、供油提前角对性能和排放的影响,指出按NMHC排放衡量,该双燃料发动机完全可以达到ECER49欧I标准。     

电控喷射单一燃料CNG轿车发动机的性能试验

研究了过量空气系数及点火时刻对某电控喷射单一燃料压缩天然气发动机的动力性、经济性和排放性能的影响.试验结果表明,在整个转速范围内,该发动机的有效燃料消耗率比汽油机平均降低了约17.7%,有效热效率平均提高了9.68%.在此基础上得到了在变过量空气系数和点火时刻下,该天然气发动机的燃烧、排放规律.     

点火能量对稀燃增压CNG发动机性能影响的试验研究

对一台稀燃增压压缩天然气(CNG)发动机进行台架试验,以揭示点火能量对其性能的影响.结果表明,当点火能量大于25mJ后,点火能量对CNG发动机动力性、经济性和排放性能的影响并不明显,但却会引起稀燃失火界限的较大改变.在综合权衡发动机性能和点火线圈可靠性这两个相互矛盾的因素后,选用45mJ作为该天然气发动机的点火能量.     

Experimental study on the spray and combustion characteristics of SIDI CNG

Compressed natural gas (CNG) is regarded as one of the most promising alternative fuels. In the spark-ignition (SI) engine, direct injection (DI) technology can significantly increase the engine volumetric efficiency and reduce “pumping losses” in engines without a throttle valve. DI allows engine operation with the stratified charge which enables relatively higher combustion efficiency. In this study, a combustion chamber with a visualization system is designed. The spray development and combustion propagation process of spark-ignition direct injection (SIDI) CNG were digital recorded and analyzed. The ignition probability was also examined. The results of this study can contribute important data for the design and optimization of the SIDI CNG engine.     

Combined effect of boost pressure and injection timing on the performance and combustion of CNG in a DI spark ignition engine

There is an increasing interest in supercharging spark ignition engines operating on CNG (compressed natural gas) mainly due to its superior knock resisting properties. However, there is a penalty in volumetric efficiency when directly injecting the gaseous fuel at early and partial injection timings. The present work reports the combined effects of a small boost pressure and injection timing on performance and combustion of CNG fueled DI (direct injection) engine. The experimental tests were carried out on a 4-stroke DI spark ignition engine with a compression ratio of 14. Early injection timing, when inlet valves are still open (at 300°BTDC), and partial injection timing, in which part of the injection occurs after the inlet valves are closed (at 180°BTDC), were varied at each operating speed with variation of the boost pressure from 2.5 to 10 kPa. A narrow angle injector (NAI) was used to increase the mixing rate at engine speeds between 2000 and 5000 rpm. Similar experiments were conducted on a naturally aspirated engine and the results were then compared with that of the boosting system to examine the combined effects of boost pressure and injection timing. It was observed that boost pressure above 7.5 kPa resulted in an improvement of performance and combustion of CNG DI engine at all operating speeds. This was manifested in the faster heat release rates and mass fraction burned that in turn improved combustion efficiency of the boosting system. An increased in cylinder pressure and temperature was also observed with boost pressure compared to naturally aspirated engine. Moreover, the combustion duration was reduced due to concentration of the heat release near to the top dead center as the result of the boost pressure. Supercharging was also found to reduce the penalty of volumetric efficiency at both the simulated port and partial injection timings.     

缸内直喷CNG发动机点火提前特性分析

将4气门4缸车用汽油机改装为缸内直喷CNG发动机,在发动机台架试验及燃烧过程试验基础上,对发动机的充气效率、点火提前角进行了基础标定,并分析了发动机的点火提前特性.研究表明:发动机采用缸内直喷,输出扭矩对点火提前角变化敏感;随着点火提前角增大,发动机最高燃烧压力升高,出现最大燃烧压力所对应的曲轴转角逐渐靠近上止点,发动...     

稀燃快燃点火电路研究

在电容储能点火系统的基础上,利用火花能量转换原理和能量叠加原理,提出了一种有别于传统发动机点火系的"稀燃快燃点火系"。简要介绍和分析了该点火系的组成及工作原理,对其进行了设计研究,通过试验验证了稀燃快燃点火系比传统点火系具有的优越性。结果表明:该点火系统能够提高点火线圈的次级电压,增加火花持续时间,有效提高点火能量的利用率,改善发动机点火性能。该点火系在进行适当匹配后不仅适用于现代高速、稀燃、高压缩比发动机,而且也适用于传统点燃式发动机。     

Exhaust nanoparticle emissions from internal combustion engines: A review

This paper reviews the particle emissions formed during the combustion process in spark ignition and diesel engine. Proposed legislation in Europe and California will impose a particle number requirement for GDI (gasoline direct injection) vehicles and will introduce the Euro 6 and LEV-III emission standards. More careful optimization for reducing particulate emission on engine hardware, fuel system, and control strategy to reduce particulate emissions will be required during cold start and warm-up phases. Because The diesel combustion inherently produces significant amounts of PM as a result of incomplete combustion around individual fuel droplets in the combustion zone, much attention has been paid to reducing particle emissions through electronic engine control, high pressure injection systems, combustion chamber design, and exhaust after-treatment technologies. In this paper, recent research and development trends to reduce the particle emissions from internal combustion engines are summarized, with a focus on PMP activity in EU, CARB and SAE papers and including both state-of-the-art light-duty vehicles and heavy-duty engines.     

电控顺序喷射天然气专用发动机的开发

本文以一台柴油机为对象，将其改造为压燃式天然气发动机。该机采用了电控多点为敢顺序喷射以及电控高能点火等新技术，并对进气系统、燃烧系统等进行了专门设计。实验表明，经改造后的发动机的动力性与原机相当，初步测试表明其怠速排放性能远低于我国现行标准ＧＢ１４７６１．５－９３。     

排放分析在电喷发动机起动故障诊断中的应用

简述了燃油供给系统、点火系统和电控系统导致电喷发动机起动故障的原因及传统的诊断方法.阐述了喷油器工作状况可由HC含量的变化来反映,以及缸内燃烧状况及火花塞点火状况可由CO、NOx含量的变化来反映等排放分析诊断起动故障的机理.指出采用废气分析仪进行发动机起动故障诊断具有相当重要的实用价值,并通过试验得到了验证.     

天然气发动机燃烧方式分析

根据混合气形成和着火方式将天然气发动机的燃烧模式分成均质混合气点燃、非均质混合气点燃、均质混合气压燃和非均质混合气压燃/引燃4种。分析了这4种燃烧模式针对发动机性能和排放方面的特点,讨论了目前存在的问题。认为目前最有实用价值的模式为柴油引燃天然气非均质扩散燃烧,因为其热效率高于火花点火发动机,与传统柴油机相当,而有害排放物排放却较柴油机明显降低,并且相对于HCCI更易实现。