客车电子控制空气悬架（ECAS）系统及其发展趋势

随着人们对车辆乘坐舒适性要求的提高和我国客车悬架技术的发展,空气弹簧悬架在客车上的应用日益广泛。传统的空气悬架控制模式是采用机械高度阀,即通过高度阀阀门的开启调节对空气悬架气囊的充放气保持车辆恒定的行驶高度。随着系统应用的推广和车辆控制技术的发展,电子控制逐渐取代传统的机械控制,电子控制系统不仅提高了操作的舒适性和反应的灵敏度,而且可以附加很多的辅助功能。     

空气悬架系统不同气路管径对车辆平顺性的影响

介绍了空气悬架在车辆上的应用优势,通过对不同气路管径下的空气流量计算及实际车辆平顺性指标验证,评价了气囊管径对其刚度的影响,明确了6mm管内径为优先选用方案,为客车空气悬架管路布置提供了设计指导。     

优软:将液压空气悬架成功应用于半挂车的“第一人”

正目前国内乃至国外使用的半挂车,使用的悬架一般为钢板弹簧悬架或气囊空气悬架,而采用液压空气悬架,您听说过吗?对于液压空气悬架(学名:油气悬架),汽车行业人士并不陌生,它一直以来主要应用于矿用汽车、沙漠越野车等在恶劣环境下使用的非公路重载车辆;这些车辆采用液压空气悬架主要是     

基于T-S模糊方法的车辆主动悬架多目标控制研究

为了研究因曲线运动引起的车辆侧翻及防测翻控制方法,提升车辆在不平整道路上的平顺性及紧急避障转向操纵下侧倾稳定性,采用Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)模糊建模方法,设计了主动悬架自适应多目标鲁棒控制策略。分析了基于车辆运动状态的模糊隶属度函数选择方法,当车辆直线行驶或动挠度较小时,保证车辆的行驶平顺性,当车辆发生极限转向或动挠度较大时,限制悬架相对运动量,增强对车身的垂向支撑。以优化加速度H_∞性能及悬架动挠度为控制目标,通过使用并行分布补偿方法将结果优化问题转换为线性矩阵不等式求解问题,确定反馈控制增益。采用自适应鲁棒控制(Aaptive Robust Control-ARC)保证系统在非线性、不确定性下,控制力跟踪的鲁棒性。通过SIMULINK~?及CARSIM~?联合仿真对主动悬架平顺性及侧倾稳定性控制效果进行验证,结果表明:该控制方法可以有效提升在良好路面正常行驶工况下车辆的平顺性,和被动悬架相比,小激励工况下,其加速度峰值降低了70%以上,在大激励下动挠度峰值相比被动悬架降低了15%以上。在随机路面输入下,车辆质心加速度均方根值相较被动悬架降低了4%以上,后轴悬架动挠度峰值降低近20%。当车辆发生侧翻危险工况时,基于T-S Fuzzy的主动悬架可以有效地增加车辆悬架支持力,减小车辆侧倾角,避免车辆发生侧翻。     

基于Matlab的橡胶气囊隔振系统非线性数值分析及特性试验

从车辆动力学方面考虑,悬架系统应保持良好的平顺性。橡胶气囊隔振系统由空气弹簧、蓄能器和连接二者的管道三个主要部分组成。通过使用Matlab软件分析橡胶气囊隔振系统非线性数值模型,对悬架刚度、阻尼因子和传递率进行仿真并与试验进行对比,发现上述三个特性所反映的悬架性能与悬架部件的尺寸密切相关。通过仿真分析及试验结果对比,文章提出了一种隔振系统低频下的优化策略。     

客车电控空气悬架系统及其发展趋势

随着人们对车辆乘坐舒适性要求的提高和我国客车悬架技术的发展，空气悬架在客车上的应用日益广泛。传统的空气悬架控制模式是采用机械高度阀，即通过高度阀阀门的开启调节对空气悬架气囊的充放气，从而保持车辆恒定的行驶高度。随着系统应用的推广和车辆控制技术的发展，电子控制逐渐取代传统的机械控制电子控制系统，不仅提高了操作的舒适性和反应的灵敏度，[第一段]     

独立悬架车辆转向轮侧滑及检测设备适应性分析

从侧向力的角度分析了转向桥为独立悬架的车辆转向轮侧滑的产生机理,对目前常用的两种独立悬架车辆转向轮侧滑试验台的适应性进行了研究分析,提出了改造建议。     

基于TruckSim的重型商用车半主动悬架天棚控制研究

悬架是车辆底盘系统的关键组成部分之一,对车辆平顺性有十分重要的影响。传统的被动悬架无法根据车辆运行工况调整自身阻尼,减振效果有限,半主动悬架能够根据不同的运行工况实时调整自身阻尼,能够有效提升车辆平顺性。文章通过TruckSim和MATLAB/Simulink建立基于天棚控制策略的某重型商用车半主动悬架仿真模型和传统被动悬架仿真模型,并对两种悬架的减振效果进行了对比分析,结果表明,相比传统被动悬架,基于天棚控制策略的半主动悬架能够有效提升车辆平顺性,其中车身加速度均方根值降低22.9%,悬架动挠度均方根值降低15.1%,轮胎动载荷均方根值降低9.8%。     

应用惯容器提升车辆侧向稳定性的研究

为探索应用惯容器的车辆悬架对汽车侧向稳定性的提升,对两种ISD悬架结构进行了研究。构建了整车动力学模型,在分析车辆侧向稳定性的基础上,以典型的鱼钩转向输入作为测试工况,以车身侧倾角时域响应的峰值作为优化指标,利用多种群遗传优化算法对ISD悬架的元件参数进行优化,并对优化结果进行仿真。结果表明:与传统被动悬架相比,应用惯容器的S1和S2型车辆ISD悬架的车身侧倾角峰值得到了显著的抑制,在不同车速下的测试结果最高可分别改善38.6%和48.6%。而与S1型悬架相比,S2型悬架对车辆的侧向稳定性提升更为显著,更适合车辆的实际运用。     

四桥独立悬架车辆越障性能计算研究

通过建立四桥独立悬架车辆越障高度动力学模型,分析影响8×8全独立悬架车辆越障性能的主要参数。进行了实例计算与试验研究,模型计算值与试验值相一致。表明该模型能预测车辆越障高度,具有工程应用价值,且获得影响其性能的主要参数。     

电辅助驱动技术研究

文章提供一种第二轴采用传统驱动桥作为主驱动、第三轴采用电驱动桥作为辅助驱动的驱动力复合并联混合动力三轴车型方案,结合提升轴空气悬架控制技术,该方案在运营经济性方面比传统双后轴驱动车型更优。     

Sensitivity analysis for reducing critical responses at the axle shaft of a lightweight vehicle

Critical responses are frequently detected at the coupled torsional beam axle (CTBA) of a lightweight vehicle. However, the freedom to modify the design of the axle shaft is limited because the suspension system must satisfy other vehicle requirements such as steering performance. Conventional sensitivity analysis cannot provide practical information about the resonant behavior because the analysis only identifies the contribution of the axle shaft to the behavior. This paper presents a novel sensitivity analysis based on transmissibility ratios (TRs). The vehicle components other than the axle shaft that can be modified to control the critical spectra are identified using acceleration responses. A multi-body vehicle model is constructed to simulate the proposed design modifications, and the simulation results show that the vibration of the axle shaft is considerably reduced by the modifications. Because the TRs on the CTBA are effectively minimized through the modified design strategy, the resonant response from the axle shaft can be controlled efficiently.     

四气囊空气悬架导向机构设计及故障分析

介绍后空气悬架四连杆导向机构的不同布置形式对悬架运动特性的影响。以国内某车型驱动桥空气悬架为例,对后桥移位原因进行分析,得出推力杆球铰的刚度大小不是后桥移位的主因,后桥移位主要与推力杆的安装座移位以及骑马螺栓松动有关的结论。     

路面不平度对液压悬架多轴车辆的影响分析

根据油液的不可压缩性,可用以相位角为自变量的三角级数来表达路面不平度引起液压悬架多轴车辆车架的垂向速度和加速度,而该级数和可用一个解析式来表达,并近似为车速的线性函数.分析表明增加多轴车辆的轴数可有效地抑制车架和悬架的动载荷,但是随着车速的增加,抑制效果不断降低,直至相当于单轴车辆.     

清障拖车总体设计

将4×2重卡底盘改制成额定托举质量为7t的清障拖车,介绍了底盘的改制方法、总布置和工作结构计算,并在配重合理布置的基础上完成了建模设计,通过CAE强度分析,校核了前后桥的轴荷分配,证明了改制方案能够满足整车性能要求。     

Vehicle dynamics control using an active third-axle system

This paper introduces the active third-axle system as an innovative vehicle dynamic control method. This method can be applicable for different kinds of three-axle vehicles such as buses, trucks, or even three-axle passenger cars. In this system, an actuator on the middle axle actively applies an independent force on the suspension to improve the handling characteristics, and hence, its technology is similar to slow-active suspension systems. This system can change the inherent vehicle dynamic characteristics, such as under/over steering behaviour, in the linear handling region, as well as vehicle stability in the nonlinear, limit handling region. In this paper, our main focus is to show the potential capabilities of this method in enhancing vehicle dynamic performance. For this purpose, as the first step, the proposed method in both linear and nonlinear vehicle handling regions is studied mathematically. Next, a comprehensive, nonlinear, 10 degrees of freedom vehicle model with a fuzzy control strategy is used to evaluate the effectiveness of this system. The dynamic behaviour of a vehicle, when either uncontrolled or equipped with the active third axle is then compared. Simulation results show that this active system can be considered as an innovative method for vehicle dynamic control.     

基于多体理论的车辆制动性能的虚拟试验的实现及评价

汽车弯道制动试验是极其危险的,而通过弯道制动过程仿真来研究汽车的制动性能则具有十分重要的意义。在ADAMS-VIEW中建立汽车前悬架、转向系、驱动桥、后悬架及轮胎等模型,并考虑了链接中弹性衬套的影响,建立整车虚拟样机。对转弯制动、直线制动等工况进行仿真,并将试验结果与计算机仿真结果进行了对比分析。对比结果证明整车模型有较高的精度,仿真方法是正确的,具有较好的通用性。     

Lifting Capability and Stress Analyses of the Crane System for a Large-Sized Tactical Wrecker

A large-sized tactical wrecker is a special-purpose vehicle that lifts and tows tactical vehicles and heavy loads. It consists of a crane, a post structure, outriggers and a suitable chassis truck, and during its initial design, the structural safety and tipping stability should be preemptively examined in terms of the layout of these components. This paper proposes computer-aided engineering (CAE) methods to evaluate the maximum lifting capacity of the wrecker and the structural safety of its crane during the initial design. The analytical model for the large-sized wrecker is constructed with 236 degrees of freedom by combining the crane system developed using the ADAMS macros with the dynamic model of large chassis truck with an axle suspension. The design parameters for the wrecker model that influence the tipping stability are selected, and then the maximum lifting loads with the corresponding changes are calculated. This parametric study shows that the characteristics of the boom and the layout of the outriggers greatly affect the maximum lifting capacity. Finite element (FE) analyses of the 1st stage boom and the 3rd stage boom show the stresses under the maximum overturning moment condition are within the allowable strength.     

Independent Suspension, Self Steered Axle, and 4WS for Busses

The dynamic behavior of commercial vehicles fitted with differentr types of suspension mechanisms and steering devices is investigated in this paper. Six vehicle models have been constructed: 2WS-SA is a standard two wheel steering bus with solid axles; 2WS-DW is a 2WSA vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in front and rear axles; SSA-SA is a 2WS system with solid axles, the rear one being mounted on a self steered mechanism; SSA-DW is a vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in the front axle, and a solid self steered rear axle; 4WS-SA has four wheel steering with solid axles; and 4WS-DW is a 4WS vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in front and rear axles. The dynamic response of these models has been assessed in terms of lateral acceleration, yaw velocity, tire forces, tire force reserves, and slip angles. The expected advantages of a 4WS system (higher acceleration rates and lower slip angles) will be corroborated but, at the same time, it will be shown that they are obtained at the cost of lower force reserves. Self steered mechanisms produce smaller body slip angles, but it will be shown that they give rise to larger yaw velocity overshootings. The particular independent suspension analyzed does not show significant improvements with respect to the solid axle counterpart.     

车辆加速横向抖动前期开发控制

为分析某款城市越野车在加速过程中横向耸动的现象,文章通过测试分析,发现半轴轴向派生力的激励频率与动力总成的横向模态耦合,是引起车辆横向抖动的根本原因。文章以人体感知,制定了车辆抖动的目标;以动力总成、悬置、整车和减振器组建12自由度模型,以此解析加速行驶工况下动力总成刚体横向模态;以半轴轴向派生力与座椅之间的振动数学模型,建立了车辆加速工况横向抖动问题的研究方法。CAE分析及试验测试结果表明:通过控制半轴的轴向派生力或动力总成的横向模态可以控制车辆的横向抖动。