圆拉法加工直齿锥齿轮(三)

第三部分齿轮啮合接触分析 (一)前言在传动齿轮的齿曲面设计及其加工时,通常是以理论共轭齿曲面为基础的。以理论共轭曲面为齿曲面的齿轮,其啮合传动是线接触啮合传动。一对线接触啮合传动的齿轮,在其啮合传动的任意时刻都是线接触,齿曲面上都有接触线存在。这样的齿轮,从其进入啮合到退出啮合所有各个瞬时接触线描出共轭齿曲面的整体。因此,共轭齿曲面的接触是全齿面接触。共轭齿曲面全齿面接触是齿轮齿曲面加工的理论依据。     

准双曲面齿轮传动的轮齿接触分析

本文推导了准双曲面齿轮传动的轮齿接触分析方法，包括齿面接触分析和边缘接触分析，代表了齿轮啮合的完整过程。该方法便于在计算机上实现，通过计算机数值仿真，可准确地显示不同参数，不同误差的齿轮啮合过程和性能，能有效地降低产品成本，提高产品质量。     

齿面微观修形在汽车变速器降噪中的应用研究

针对汽车变速器啸叫噪声,借助软件RomaxDesigner对齿轮啮合情况进行分析,建立了齿轮静传递误差模型;结合接触斑点试验并采用多因素实验设计得出最佳的齿面微观修形参数.据此进行了齿面微观修形,并对修形前后峰值传递误差和驾驶员位置的声压水平进行对比,结果表明经过合理的齿面修形,静传递误差减小了,齿轮发出的啸叫噪声降低约10dB.     

The Effects of Gear Shaft Deformation on Gear Contact State in Transmission

建立了变速器齿轮与齿轮轴系统的有限元模型,并对其进行有限元分析,以计算齿轮轴变形和轮齿接触应力,分析变速器齿轮轴变形对齿面接触状态的影响.通过与经典方法计算结果的比较,表明所建立的齿轮与齿轮轴系统有限元模型,不但可准确计算齿轮轴变形和齿面接触应力,且能综合分析齿轮轴变形对齿面接触区域的载荷分布、轮齿间载荷分配和齿面接触应力的影响,为更全面、精确分析变速器齿轮的齿面接触状态和载荷分布,预测齿轮疲劳寿命提供依据.     

汽车变速器齿轮齿端崩角失效分析及优化改进

齿轮是汽车变速器关键传动零件,齿轮的正确啮合与疲劳寿命直接关系到变速器的工作性能和使用寿命。文章以某客车变速器为研究对象,针对变速器在总成疲劳寿命试验中出现的齿轮齿端崩角失效问题,应用金相检验、电镜观察、齿轮齿面拓扑、Romax计算分析、尺寸链计算等方法,逐步查明导致轮齿齿端崩角失效的原因,并根据分析结果对齿轮进行优化改进。通过实验验证了改进方案的可行性,最终解决了此齿端崩角问题。为类似的齿轮疲劳失效问题提供了可以借鉴的分析思路和验证方法。     

基于MASTA软件的某车桥齿轮修形优化设计

本文提供了一种基于MASTA软件进行齿轮修形的快速方法,通过对齿轮载荷接触分析,预测齿间载荷和齿向载荷分布状况,对比齿轮修形前后齿轮振幅、传动误差变化及齿轮接触斑点这些评价修形指标的变化情况,发现修行后齿轮的啮合性能和承载能力都得到了很大地提升,为后期产品的优化设计和实际应用提供指导作用.     

新型手动变速器换挡二次冲击仿真分析

为了降低换挡过程中的二次冲击,提升用户体验,以降低换挡过程中输出端当量转动惯量为思路,文章设计了一款单向离合器式手动变速器。新型变速器将输出轴设计成两段,并以单向离合器相连,全部前进挡齿轮安装在输出轴的前段,与中间轴上各齿轮啮合传动完成变速变扭功能。运用ADAMS仿真软件,对其换挡过程进行动态仿真分析,获得新型手动变速器换挡二次冲击曲线,通过与传统手动变速器换挡二次冲击曲线的对比,揭示了新型手动变速器在提高换挡平顺性方面的优势,并通过仿真分析探究花键齿锁止角及棱线角与换挡二次冲击的关系,通过合理选择锁止角与棱线角数值,进一步降低换挡二次冲击。     

基于ANSYS软件的齿轮接触强度分析

齿轮传动是汽车传动的主要形式,其强度不足导致的失效问题给汽车企业造成巨大经济损失,文章基于ANSYS软件对齿轮接触强度进行分析。首先使用CATIA软件建立了一对渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮的三维模型,并将三维模型导入ANSYS软件中进行了齿轮强度接触分析,得到了齿面、齿根等处的应力分布规律。论文的研究为齿轮的设计提供了理论参考。     

浅谈变速器齿轮异响故障分析与检修要点(1)

正跨骑式摩托车(传动结构如图1所示)发动机采用齿轮常啮合式有级变速器(如图2、3所示),因其结构的特点,驾驶者在摩托车行驶过程中需不断换挡来适应各种路况的变化,使车辆顺利前行。随着使用时间的延长以及操纵车辆技术的差异,常啮合式两齿轮面接触频繁,尤其是有质量隐患的变速齿轮零件会出现一些故障,常见故障有:摩托车自动脱挡或跳挡、变速器齿     

基于壳体动态响应的齿轮NVH优化

文章提出一种基于壳体动态响应的齿轮NVH优化方法,分析了齿轮动态啮合力的成因及其影响因素,获得了动态啮合力的计算模型。结合某款电驱动变速器啸叫实例,采用全有限元仿真分析方法,获得齿轮修形优化前后齿轮副传递误差、齿面接触应力及动力学响应结果,并进行对比分析。结果表明,通过齿轮修形优化可有效降低齿轮动态啮合力,减小壳体表面动态响应,从而改善特定工况下的变速器啸叫,提高整车NVH性能。     

基于CATIA的斜齿圆柱齿轮参数化设计

为了减少在圆柱齿轮计算机辅助设计过程中,参数化设计、有限元分析和运动仿真的跨平台数据传递,基于CATIAV5以参数绘制齿廓渐开线,通过多截面曲面绘制出齿型曲面并运用曲面缝合功能实现齿型闭合,实现斜齿轮的精确建模。利用CAE和运动仿真模块并结合斜齿轮传动原理和齿面受力,对斜齿轮齿进行有限元分析和啮合状态运动仿真,检验设计结果符合要求,从而为设计和精密制造以及工程失效分析提供精确的数据参考。     

工程机械传动机构行星轮系的建模与仿真

进行工程机械车辆传动机构中行星轮系基于结构与机构设计以及运动仿真的研究。运用Pro/Engineer的实体建模、虚拟装配和机构仿真功能,对齿轮进行了参数化设计,与相关零件虚拟装配形成了行星轮系;并对轮系进行了运动仿真,有效提高了产品的设计、开发速度,可降低研制费用,为工程机械车辆零部件的CAD、各种技术分析和无纸自动化制造奠定基础。     

汽车变速器啸叫噪声处治

针对某款SUV变速器啸叫噪声,采用阶次分析法辨识出主要噪声源齿轮组,利用Romax Designer软件建立仿真模型,对齿面进行微观修形,减小传递误差;通过实车采集优化前后的样车噪声进行对比,变速器啸叫噪声最高降低13 d B（A）。     

A locomotive–track coupled vertical dynamics model with gear transmissions

A gear transmission system is a key element in a locomotive for the transmission of traction or braking forces between the motor and the wheel–rail interface. Its dynamic performance has a direct effect on the operational reliability of the locomotive and its components. This paper proposes a comprehensive locomotive–track coupled vertical dynamics model, in which the locomotive is driven by axle-hung motors. In this coupled dynamics model, the dynamic interactions between the gear transmission system and the other components, e.g. motor and wheelset, are considered based on the detailed analysis of its structural properties and working mechanism. Thus, the mechanical transmission system for power delivery from the motor to the wheelset via gear transmission is coupled with a traditional locomotive–track dynamics system via the wheel–rail contact interface and the gear mesh interface. This developed dynamics model enables investigations of the dynamic performance of the entire dynamics system under the excitations from the wheel–rail contact interface and/or the gear mesh interface. Dynamic interactions are demonstrated by numerical simulations using this dynamics model. The results indicate that both of the excitations from the wheel–rail contact interface and the gear mesh interface have a significant effect on the dynamic responses of the components in this coupled dynamics system.     

Locomotive dynamic performance under traction/braking conditions considering effect of gear transmissions

Traction or braking operations are usually applied to trains or locomotives for acceleration, speed adjustment, and stopping. During these operations, gear transmission equipment plays a very significant role in the delivery of traction or electrical braking power. Failures of the gear transmissions are likely to cause power loses and even threaten the operation safety of the train. Its dynamic performance is closely related to the normal operation and service safety of the entire train, especially under some emergency braking conditions. In this paper, a locomotive–track coupled vertical–longitudinal dynamics model is employed with considering the dynamic action from the gear transmissions. This dynamics model enables the detailed analysis and more practical simulation on the characteristics of power transmission path, namely motor–gear transmission–wheelset–longitudinal motion of locomotive, especially for traction or braking conditions. Multi-excitation sources, such as time-varying mesh stiffness and nonlinear wheel–rail contact excitations, are considered in this study. This dynamics model is then validated by comparing the simulated results with the experimental test results under braking conditions. The calculated results indicate that involvement of gear transmission could reveal the load reduction of the wheelset due to transmitted forces. Vibrations of the wheelset and the motor are dominated by variation of the gear dynamic mesh forces in the low speed range and by rail geometric irregularity in the higher speed range. Rail vertical geometric irregularity could also cause wheelset longitudinal vibrations, and do modulations to the gear dynamic mesh forces. Besides, the hauling weight has little effect on the locomotive vibrations and the dynamic mesh forces of the gear transmissions for both traction and braking conditions under the same running speed.     

汽车齿轮修形的研究

由于汽车齿轮存在制造和安装误差，以及轮齿的弹性变形、扭转变形、热变表等因素，使齿轮在啮合过程中产生冲击、振动和偏载。通过研究与分析指出，汽车齿轮的修形可以改善汽车齿轮的传动。探讨了齿轮修形量的确定方法。     

变速器齿轮运转过程中齿面温度测量试验及结果处理

为满足变速器某挡位齿轮运转时工作温度测量,避免变速器齿轮高温、台架耐久性试验过程中边界条件不当风险,降低研发及生产成本,从而达到目标用户使用需求的目的。通过增加齿轮齿面啮合过程中测温试验,将结果作比较,结果表明齿面温度超出油品设计要求。可见,在变速器开发及台架耐久试验工况设计过程中,引入齿轮表面温度测试是非常必要的。     

Non-linear dynamic simulation of gear response under the idling condition

A dynamic lumped-parameter gear model incorporating the effects of a time-varying and asymmetric mesh stiffness and a backlash nonlinearity is formulated to analyze the spur gear rattle response under the idling condition. The proposed theory assumes a rectangular time-varying mesh stiffness function. The phase shift between the mesh stiffness for forward and backward contacts is examined. Numerical studies are employed to examine the effects of engine torque fluctuations and tooth surface friction on the gear rattle response and the corresponding tooth impact behavior. Comparisons between the results from the time-invariant mesh stiffness model and the proposed time-varying mesh stiffness model reveal differences in the gear responses, especially when the mean rotational speed of the fluctuating gear pair is non-zero. The analysis reveals significant effects on the high frequency response components. However, the idling gear dynamics are relatively insensitive to tooth surface friction.     

汽车机械式变速器多目标可靠性优化设计

以某轿车变速器为例,根据汽车动力性要求,在保证零件强度和刚度可靠性的条件下,按变速器齿轮系体积最小和传动齿轮重合度最大建立了变速器的多目标可靠性优化设计的数学模型,然后应用MATLAB优化工具箱进行联合优化设计计算。设计结果表明:该数学模型正确有效,采用多目标可靠性优化设计方法可以缩短汽车变速器的设计周期,减小其体积并改善传动平稳性。