Fluid forces acting on three and four long side-by-side flexible cylinders undergoing flow-induced vibration(FIV)

Multiple side-by-side cylinders are widely employed in many engineering applications. Consequently, flow-induced vibrations (FIV), which have a significant influence on structural reliability, have drawn considerable concern from many investigators. Due to the complicated wake interactions behind the cylinders, the hydrodynamic characteristics of multiple side-by-side cylinders subject to FIV are obviously different from those of a single cylinder. Hydrodynamic force coefficients play an important role in evaluating structural reliability and predicting fatigue damage. However, few relevant investigations have been performed on hydrodynamic force coefficients of multiple side-by-side flexible cylinders, which require further research. In this paper, the hydrodynamic force coefficients of three and four side-by-side flexible cylinders with a spacing ratio of 6.0 are obtained by an inverse analysis method based on the oscillation displacements. In the resonance regions, the hydrodynamic force coefficients of multiple cylinders exhibit variation trends similar to those of a single cylinder, especially at higher reduced velocities. In the mode switch regions, relatively large deviations exist between the coefficients of multiple cylinders and single cylinder. The inner cylinder in the three-cylinder system shows prominently distinctive behaviour compared with the outer two cylinders. For the four-cylinder system in a side-by-side arrangement, the outer two cylinders show relatively slight differences between each other compared with the inner two cylinders.     

基于ANSYS的深水海底管道铺设受力分析

采用ANSYS11.0研究深水海底管道铺设过程中管道变形及受力。针对海底管道铺设边界的特殊性,提出了边界处理的新方法。根据管道在触地点处所受海底反力为零的假设,利用ANSYS参数化设计语言(APDL)编程迭代,寻找出管道触地点;根据给定的托管架形式,迭代求出管道与托管架的分离点。利用pipe59单元模拟管道的大位移非线性变形,分析了张紧力、水平力、悬跨段弯矩、悬跨段长度及管道与托管架的分离角之间的关系,据此工程人员可以根据所要控制的悬跨段弯矩计算所需的张紧力和入水角。最后通过与OFFPIPE专用软件所得结果进行比较,说明方法的可行性与准确性。     

Vortex-induced vibrations of piggyback pipelines near the horizontal plane wall in the upper transition regime

Slender subsea structures like pipelines, jumpers and umbilicals when exposed to currents may experience vortex-induced vibrations (VIV), which can shorten their fatigue life and increase the risk of structural failure. In the present study, flow around different configurations of a piggyback pipeline close to a flat seabed has been investigated using the two-dimensional (2D) Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) equations with the k − ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model. The Reynolds number (based on the free stream velocity and large cylinder diameter) is equal 3.6 × 10⁶ corresponding to upper-transition regime. The drag forces acting on the cylinders and base pressure coefficient value are well predicted by the present simulations, while the other hydrodynamic quantities (root-mean-square lift coefficient, Strouhal number) are predicted reasonably well as compared to published experimental data. The piggyback pipeline in the present study is modeled as two circular cylinders with a diameter ratio d/D = 0.2 (D denoting diameter of the large cylinder, d is diameter of the small cylinder). These two cylinders are clamped together at a distance G/D = 0.2. The two rigidly coupled cylinders are elastically supported and free to vibrate in two degrees of freedom. The effects on the vibration amplitudes and hydrodynamic forces are analyzed. The flow structures around the cylinders are investigated to explain the variations in observed structural responses. Depending on the angular position (α) of the small cylinder, the lock-in regime is narrower (α = 0°) or significantly wider (α = 180°) when compared to that of a single cylinder.     

海底子母管线在规则波作用下的数值研究

采用三步有限元法离散N-S方程,建立了数值波浪水槽模型。数值研究了规则波作用下海底子母管结构的水动力特性。对海底子母管线所受波浪力的数值结果与物模实验结果进行比较。基于该数值模型,还考察了不同的子母管间相对缝隙G/D(0.1,0.25,0.5,0.75)对海底子母管线水动力特性的影响。分析得到了不同G/D下海底子母管线的涡脱落特性以及管线水动力系数随G/D的变化规律。结果表明,数值结果和实验结果吻合较好,该数值波浪水槽模型可用来计算波浪作用在海底子母管线上的水动力。关于不同G/D,得到了2种不同的涡脱落模式,在G/D较小(0.1,0.25)时,为"反相同步脱落"模式,在G/D较大(0.5,0.75)时,为"同相同步脱落"模式。     

船舶波浪弯矩短期预报研究

采用两种方法（一是利用WALCS软件，基于三维频域线性水动力理论；二是利用3小时波浪弯矩有义值MS，根据极值I型理论）进行船舶波浪弯矩短期预报，并分别计算得到16艘船舶（6艘散货船、10艘油船）的短期波浪弯矩。经比较发现，根据极值I型理论得到的短期波浪弯矩与WALCS软件短期波浪弯矩偏差较小，在工程实践中具有一定参考价值。     

海底电缆铺设回泥面的水动力分析

针对实际电缆铺设工程成本过大及耗时太长的问题,基于理论分析和数值模拟对文昌海底电缆铺设回泥面进行比较分析。通过水动力分析软件Orca Flex建立电缆铺设的数值模型,重点讨论吊缆的吊放长度和施工船舶在不同阶段的航行速度对电缆安全性能的影响,根据电缆的最大有效张力和最小弯曲半径对电缆铺设提出相应的建议,得到的结论对实际工程有一定的参考价值。     

火车渡轮柔性轨道受力变形计算

针对一种以短轨构成,并在短轨之间预留伸缩间隙的柔性连接轨道,用力学原理研究了这种柔性轨道在力和力矩作用下的弯曲变形规律.推导了柔性轨道弯曲变形量与受力或力矩大小的函数关系式.在轨道实际可能的变形范围内,计算了产生不同变形量所需要的力或力矩的大小.结果表明其量级并不很大,在工程实践中是易于实现的.从而从力学角度证明这种柔性连接轨道的可行性.     

系泊系统非线性恢复力研究及其应用(英文)

Mooring system plays an important role in station keeping of floating offshore structures.Coupled analysis on mooring-buoy interactions has been increasingly studied in recent years.At present,chains and wire ropes are widely used in offshore engineering practice.On the basis of mooring line statics,an explicit formulation of single mooring chain/wire rope stiffness coefficients and mooring stiffness matrix of the mooring system were derived in this article,taking into account the horizontal restoring force,vertical restoring force and their coupling terms.The nonlinearity of mooring stiffness was analyzed,and the influences of various parameters,such as material,displacement,pre-tension and water depth,were investigated.Finally some application cases of the mooring stiffness in hydrodynamic calculation were presented.Data shows that this kind of stiffness can reckon in linear and nonlinear forces of mooring system.Also,the stiffness can be used in hydrodynamic analysis to get the eigenfrequency of slow drift motions.     

圆柱绕流研究进展及展望

圆柱绕流问题广泛存在于水利工程、建筑工程和环境工程之中。通过对前人圆柱绕流研究的成果整理和分析,将其分为解析研究、物理模型研究和数值模拟研究3个阶段,总结了单圆柱、双圆柱以及圆柱群绕流在流动形态和圆柱受力特性方面的研究进展。分析发现,现有研究主要集中于简单条件下单柱和双柱的受力特性和尾流流场结构,今后需进一步开展柱群在海洋立管、高桩码头和环境工程等复杂条件下的研究,开发尾流形态的主动控制技术。     

单体复合船型纵向运动幅频响应函数计算的两种粘性修正方法

对单体复合船型纵向运动幅频响应函数计算的两种修正方法进行了比较。分别采用横向流理论方法和RANS方程数值计算方法,计算了单体复合船型的水动力修正系数,应用STF法对舰船的纵向运动进行了预报,并将预报结果和模型试验值进行了比较分析。结果表明,两种方法都能在一定程度上反映组合附体的减摇效果,可用于单体复合船型的运动预报。其中,基于RANS方程数值计算方法预报精度较高,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

作业状态下铺管船托管架联合体的水动力性能研究

本文将铺管船托管架联合体为研究对象,对100%装载铺管和10%装载铺管两个极限工况进行数值模拟计算。以此为数据基础,对铺管船铺管作业期间多个浪向下的水动力性能进行研究。通过多海况多浪向下的船舶运动计算结果对比,详细分析托管架对铺管船水动力性能的影响。结果托管架对于船体的垂荡运动的影响较大,并随浪向的变化而不同。且加装托管架后,船体的横摇运动大幅减弱。     

海底埋设管线平管起吊运动分析

基于有限元软件OrcaFlex,充分考虑不规则波浪、海流、管土相互作用以及船舶管线耦合运动,建立海底埋设管线平管起吊模型。参考DNV-RP-F110计算埋深管道受到的土壤阻力,依据DNV-RP-C205确定相关水动力系数。通过数值模拟研究分析管线在平管起吊过程中管道的运动响应以及吊绳张力的时间历程变化,为实际海底管线平管起吊提供一定理论参考。     

Hull-girder reliability of new generation oil tankers

A series of new generation oil tankers is presently under construction. These ships differ from traditional oil tankers by their unusual form and therefore direct hydrodynamic analysis is used to determine design vertical wave bending moments instead of adopting IACS rule values. The purpose of the paper is to quantify changes in hull-girder reliability resulting from the new design features. To achieve this, first-order reliability analysis is carried out with respect to ultimate collapse bending moment of the midship cross section of a new generation oil tanker and of a conventional “rule” designed oil tanker. The stochastic model of wave-induced bending moment is derived from direct hydrodynamic analysis performed according to IACS Recommendation No. 34 Standard Wave Data, Rev 1, 2000. The probability distribution of the still water bending moment is assumed based on the data from loading manuals. The model uncertainties of linear wave loads, non-linearity of the response as well as load combination factors are included in the reliability formulation. The reliability analysis is performed for three relevant loading conditions: full load, ballast and partial load and for two states of the hull: the “as-built” hull and “corroded” hull according to anticipated 20-year corrosion. One of the most interesting conclusions from the study is that the annual hull-girder reliability of new generation oil tanker is increased considerably compared to the conventional oil tanker. Sensitivity and parametric studies are performed with respect to random variables representing modelling uncertainties. The results of a sensitivity study enable sorting of pertinent variables according to their relative importance, while parametric study is used to quantify changes in the reliability indices for moderate variation of input parameters. Furthermore, some other results and discussions are presented pointing out the benefits of introducing the ship reliability methods in design practice, especially if this refers to new designs.     

Field experiments on laterally loaded piles for an offshore wind farm

Pile foundations are widely used to support offshore wind turbines due to their cost effectiveness and rapid constructions. Offshore piles must be designed with enough capacity to withstand overturning moments caused by wind turbines and other environmental factors such as wave excitations and extreme winds. In this study, a full-scale field experimental test is undertaken to determine the pile behaviour under various lateral loading conditions. A distributed fiber optic sensing technology is used to measure strains along two instrumented piles. The bending moments and lateral deflections are calculated from distributed fiber optic sensors, and then analysed with the various p-y methods. Field measurements indicated that for two offshore piles ZK01 and ZK28 with diameter of 2 m and length of 71.5 m and 77.5 m, the maximum lateral movements under a given lateral load of 800 kN were 369.1 mm and 351.7 mm, respectively. The maximum bending moment occurred at 6.5 m and 5.5 m below seabed level with the corresponding depth of 12.15D and 11.95D for pile ZK01 and ZK28, respectively. The position of “zero crossing” of soil resistance for two instrumented piles is almost the same, even though the piles have different lengths. The lateral deflections and bending moments of the two instrumented piles are predicted by the API and hyperbolic method, which indicates that the hyperbolic method yields larger prediction errors than the API method. A modified p-y approach is then proposed for more reliable predictions when compared with field measurements.     

钢管混凝土拱桥拱肋吊装时扣索索力分析计算

钢管混凝土拱桥的施工方法以缆索吊装法为主,扣索索力值的大小对成拱线形有着至关重要的影响。文中对扣索索力进行了静力平衡法和积分查表法2种方法的实例计算,并对计算结果作了分析与比较。从而得出静力平衡法产生误差的主要原因是模型简化,并分析了对扣索索力成桥线形的影响。     

翼板扰流器的参数对海底管线水动力特性的影响

利用计算流体力学数值模拟方法,结合RNG k-ε湍流模型,对安装翼板扰流器的海底管线绕流进行了二维数值模拟。以不同布置形式的翼板扰流器为研究对象,通过改变间隙比和翼板高度,探讨其对海底管线绕流水动力特性的影响。计算结果表明：间隙比为0．3时,翼板扰流器抑制的效果更好,受力情况良好,且A60型翼板管线效果最佳;间隙比相同时升力系数和阻力系数随着翼板高度的增加而增大。建议实际工程中,应尽量避免翼板管线的悬空高度,同时可在管线的不同展向安装不同角度的翼板扰流器,以破坏涡旋发放的规律性。     

二维物体入水砰击问题的理论方法研究

入水问题的研究在水动力学和海洋工程等领域有着重要的现实意义。文章采用Wagner模型的思想,将其中的相当平板理论改为椭圆拟合,得到了不同斜升角的二维楔形体匀速入水时的湿表面无量纲压力分布和砰击力,并与其它理论方法和数值计算结果相比较。椭圆拟合方法得到的压力分布在楔形体斜升角较小时与数值计算结果吻合良好,砰击力与数值计算结果在较大斜升角的情况下仍然很接近,比其它理论方法的适用范围更广,可以作为工程上估算砰击力大小的一种新方法。     

海水管路破损原因分析及防治措施

紫铜管广泛应用于船舶供水海水管路中。通过Ansys流场仿真分析和金相分析,对船舶供水管路弯管处破损原因进行研究。结果表明,在一定范围内启闭阀门时间对弯管处应力和应变影响不大,弯管处存在流速过大现象,存在明显的冲刷腐蚀;通过改进铜管制造工艺、建立管线运行制度控制管路压力冲击、增大管路通径和弯曲半径减小管路冲刷腐蚀都能有效的抑制管路破损。     

2×8000t半潜起重铺管船铺管系统研究

铺管船在海洋油气开发中有广泛的应用前景。重点介绍"2×8 000 t半潜起重铺管船"铺管系统的功能、设备配置、铺管系统的作业流程等铺管系统的设计问题。同时,对铺管系统的张力和铺管效率的计算原则进行初步探讨,为铺管船铺管系统的设计更加优化提供参考。     

铺管船锚泊定位系统优化设计研究

分析了铺管船锚泊定位系统的结构和它在海洋中的受力情况,研究了锚索悬链状态的特性.提出了锚泊定位系统的二次规划优化算法.目标函数定义为受力锚索的拉力的两两水平力差的平方和,受到线性等式或不等式锚索拉力的约束.求解采用Lagrange乘子法或凸二次规划的互补主元法.用面向对象的VC++工具开发了锚泊定位系统软件.对某铺管船的锚泊定位系统实例进行优化计算,得到满足环境力条件下锚索所承受的力和锚点位置,达到了设计要求.