关于捷达GiX轿车电路原理图的疑问

【问】我是一名汽车电器修理爱好者,也是《汽车电器》刊物的忠实读者。仔细阅读了《汽车电器》2004年第1～5期《从捷达GiX轿车入手掌握汽车电路识图方法》文章,有几处弄不明白,请解答。①ECU9及车速信号输入端,在图上没有找到,是谁将车速信号传输给ECU9的?“在仪表盘中还有一个速度传感器G54,它的电源也是接自稳压器J6,但这个车速信号是输向发动机控制单元Sim os-3w的,用以控制喷油量和点火时刻。”但文中没有写清车速信号的来源;我看和没有任何的联系,是怎样获得车速转速信号传给ECU9的呢?②两个空调电路图,哪个为准?第一个没有V2,请…     

重汽HOWO EGR ECU内部工作原理

中国重汽HOWO重型载货汽车部分车型配有EGR(Exhaust Gas Recirculation,废气再循环系统)国Ⅲ排放标准的发动机,该发动机特点是采用预行程可调节的高压油泵,工作性能稳定,维修方便。为了让广大汽车电器同行更好地了解ERG系统的电气控制原理,本人根据EGR系统ECU实物(以下简称ECU),将内部电路画成原理图,并参考部分相关资料,以ECU内部电路为中心,讲述EGR电气控制原理。     

浅谈汽车线束开发

线束作为汽车的神经网络,是将汽车各ECU用电设备联系起来的桥梁,在整个汽车电器部件的开发工作中,线束开发工作的地位举足轻重。本文主要从线束的组成部件入手,以神龙汽车有限公司的开发流程为例来介绍线束的开发情况及制图。     

电喷汽车两用燃料装置的匹配器

液化石油气(LPG)作为汽车的代用燃料，在我国逐渐得到引用和推广。烟台交运集团同合绿色汽车工程开发有限公司研制的电喷汽车汽油／LPG两用燃料装置，在全国许多城市得到推广和应用。至目前产量为3000台套左右，已在烟台、威海、山西晋城等地销售2000台套左右。在《汽车电器》2004年第2期，笔者简要介绍了该系统的电控部分。下面，仍以捷达GiX轿车为例，介绍其系统中的主要核心部件——匹配器ECU的结构与工作原理。     

汽车电器网络设计研究

设计和实施汽车电器网络以便电器间信息的传输和共享。结合当今微电子技术的现状，就汽车电器网络化方案的可行性进行了论述，并详细阐述了汽车电器网络的设计原则，针对汽车电器对数据传输延迟的敏感性不同，提出以多子网设计方法来简化智能节点的设计，从而使汽车电器网络化设计真正达到简化布线，提高装配效率，节省空间，减小质量，提高故障诊断效率的目的。     

关心《汽车电器》的发展就是关心自己的前途

[摘自《汽车电器》网站论坛]我是一个《汽车电器》杂志忠实的读者，多年来以《汽车电器》杂志上刊登的内容为基础，靠自学成为了一名汽车维修技师。《汽车电器》是一个名副其实的好老师。     

汽车电器故障的基本检修方法

检修汽车电器系统故障时，不仅要熟悉汽车电器装置的结构和工作原理，还要掌握和灵活运用检修方法。文中介绍了检修汽车电器故障的13种基本方法。     

《汽车电器》我的启蒙老师

[摘自《汽车电器》网站论坛]今天无意搜索引擎中输入“汽车电器”，跳出来汽车电器杂志社的链接，随即点击进入浏览一番。看到杂志封面的《汽车电器》4个字，倍感亲切。     

MEMS在汽车电器电子技术中的应用现状与发展趋势

MEMS是多种学科交叉融合的前沿高新技术，MEMS具有体积小、质量轻、耗能低、惯性小、响应时间短等许多优点，在汽车电器电子技术中具有重要的用途。本文介绍了目前MEMS发展的国内外状况，并对MEMS在汽车电器电子技术中的应用、发展趋势及其对汽车电器电子技术的影响进行了分析与探讨。     

汽车电器故障检修12法

检修汽车电器系统故障时，不仅要熟悉汽车电器装置的结构和工作原理、而且还要熟练地掌握和灵活地运用检修方法。这样才能准确迅速地找出汽车电器故障部位或损坏的电器部件。为此，本文介绍检修汽车电器故障的12种方法。     

Full vehicle simulation using thermomechanically coupled hybrid neural network shock absorber model

In the case of full vehicle models, the technique of multi-body simulation (MBS) is frequently used to study their highly non-linear dynamic behaviour. Many non-linearities in vehicle models are induced by force elements like springs, shock absorbers, bushings and tires. Commonly, spline functions are used to represent the force responses of these components. If the non-linear relationships are more complicated, the spline approximations are no more accurate. An alternative approach is based on empirical neural networks which are based on the mathematical approximation of measured data. It is well known that neural networks are able to represent and predict complex component responses accurately. The aim of this paper is to perform a dynamic full vehicle simulation using a thermomechanically coupled hybrid neural network shock absorber model. In this shock absorber model, the spline approach is combined with a temperature-dependent neural network. Based on a displacement-controlled excitation on a four post test rig in the ADAMS/Car MBS software, a rugged test track is simulated. In this way, the front and rear shock absorbers are dynamically loaded with comfort-relevant frequencies in the range of 0.75-30 Hz and velocity amplitudes up to 2 m/s. By the simulation, stability of the hybrid neural network model is demonstrated. Furthermore, the damping force, the vertical acceleration of the chassis and the required simulation times are compared. The standard spline approach is used as a reference.     

公路网事故多发段(点)判别方法研究

针对在事故多发段判别时,平面交叉节点通处理为路段,平面交叉节点的安全重要性被弱化,判别精度受到了影响的问题;并针对路网事故多发段判别时,先判别事故严重的路,再判别其上事故多发段,忽略了整体事故不严重的路上个别事故多发的段点的问题。对路网中各种等级公路进行归一化处理;根据平面交叉节点行车安全特性,把公路划分为平面交叉节点路段和普通路段;平面交叉节点路段安全影响范围的确定;从而进行路网事故多发段判别。既提高了已有动态步长过滤法等对一条公路进行事故多发段判别的精度,又解决了不同等级、不同特征公路组成的路网在同一水平下的事故多发段判别;为路网安全管理提供了基础。     

Rotational vibration absorber for the mitigation of rail rutting corrugation

Torsional vibrations of metro wheel sets are known to be involved in the wavelength-fixing mechanism of the rutting-type rail corrugation. In the first part of this paper, the basic conditions for this type of wear to appear are established using a theory developed in the frequency domain. The efficiency of a dynamic vibration absorber tuned to the first torsional resonance of the wheel set to mitigate rutting corrugation is evaluated numerically. In the second part, the phenomenon is studied on a quarter-scale test bench. The scaling laws for wheel–roller wear predictions are established. The efficiency of the dynamic vibration absorber is evaluated on the scaled bench. The results are compared with theoretical predictions from a linear model. Additionally, the measurements are compared with numerical results from a multi-body model portraying the experiment.     

基于站点爬虫数据的公共自行车系统时空特征分析

把握公共自行车使用的时空分布特征是优化公共自行车系统运行的前提.通过网络爬虫技术获取站点数据,定义了站点活跃度等指标,利用Dunn指数和Davies-Bouldin指数确定有效的站点活跃度聚类算法,引入全局Moran′s统计量和局部Moran′s统计量对站点使用情况进行空间统计分析,深入挖掘站点使用状况的时空分布特征.在对苏州市公共自行车系统的案例研究中,根据活跃度变化将站点聚为四类,发现一个站点的活跃度与周边13个(晚高峰)至20个(早高峰)以上的站点存在正的空间相关关系,可推测早晚高峰用户的平均骑行距离分别为2.2 km和1.7 km.研究结果还证实,虽然大部分站点的高峰期车桩比在空间上呈随机分布,但高车桩比站点分别聚集在几个不同的地区,低车桩比站点则集中出现在较大范围内,系统地揭示了站点间协调配合存在的问题.      

符号时间序列方法在汽油机燃烧循环变动特征分析中的应用

应用一种新的分析方法———符号时间序列方法对汽油机燃烧循环变动进行了研究。测量得到了某汽油机16种不同工况下的示功图,从提高精度与有利于数据的符号化观点出发,确定以缸内峰值压力作为汽油机燃烧循环变动的表征参数,把符号时间序列分析的具体技术和实施途径应用于试验数据,获得了汽油机燃烧循环变动随转速与负荷的变化规律,提出了利用改进的SHAN NON熵作为汽油机燃烧循环变动的评价指标的新观点。研究结果表明:该方法能较好地应用于汽油机燃烧循环变动特征分析。     

Suspension parameter estimation in the frequency domain using a matrix inversion approach

The dynamic lumped parameter models used to optimise the ride and handling of a vehicle require base values of the suspension parameters. These parameters are generally experimentally identified. The accuracy of identified parameters can depend on the measurement noise and the validity of the model used. The existing publications on suspension parameter identification are generally based on the time domain and use a limited degree of freedom. Further, the data used are either from a simulated ‘experiment’ or from a laboratory test on an idealised quarter or a half-car model. In this paper, a method is developed in the frequency domain which effectively accounts for the measurement noise. Additional dynamic constraining equations are incorporated and the proposed formulation results in a matrix inversion approach. The nonlinearities in damping are estimated, however, using a time-domain approach. Full-scale 4-post rig test data of a vehicle are used. The variations in the results are discussed using the modal resonant behaviour. Further, a method is implemented to show how the results can be improved when the matrix inverted is ill-conditioned. The case study shows a good agreement between the estimates based on the proposed frequency-domain approach and measurable physical parameters.     

Large motion mountain biking dynamics

A bond graph model of a mountain bike and rider is created to develop baseline predictions for the performance of mountain bikes during large excursion maneuvers such as drops, jumps, crashes and rough terrain riding. The model assumes planar dynamics, a hard-tail (front suspension only) bicycle and a rider fixed to the bicycle. An algorithm is developed to allow tracking of a virtual tire-ground contact point for events that separate the wheels from the ground. This model would be most applicable to novice mountain bikers who maintain a nearly rigid relationship between their body and the bicycle as opposed to experienced riders who are versed in controlling the bicycle independent of the body. Simulations of a steep drop are performed for various initial conditions to qualitatively validate the predictions of the model. Results from this model are to be compared to experimental data and more complex models in later research, particularly models including a separate rider. The overarching goals of the research are to examine and understand the dynamics and control of interactions between a cyclist and mountain bike. Specific goals are to understand the improvement in performance afforded by an experienced rider, to hypothesize human control algorithms that allow riders to perform manoeuvres well and safely, to predict structural bike and body forces from these maneuvers and to quantify performance differences between hard-tail and full suspension bicycles.     

桥梁加固方案的层次分析优选法

桥梁加固技术是目前桥梁工程的新热点，选择科学的加固方案是保证工程效果和质量的重要前提。为了合理地确定桥梁加固的最佳方案，总结出技术可行、效果可靠、经济合理和施工方便等影响桥梁加固方案评价的因素，利用层次分析原理中多规则决策问题的基本思路，以桥梁加固最佳方案为基本目标，建立2级综合评价指标体系，应用层次分析方法分解评判指标体系，得出判断矩阵和评价矩阵，给出层次分析评价过程和加固方案优选的决策方法，并结合工程实例说明层次分析法在桥梁加固方案选择中的实用性和可行性。     

Full vehicle simulation using thermomechanically coupled hybrid neural network shock absorber model

In the case of full vehicle models, the technique of multi-body simulation (MBS) is frequently used to study their highly non-linear dynamic behaviour. Many non-linearities in vehicle models are induced by force elements like springs, shock absorbers, bushings and tires. Commonly, spline functions are used to represent the force responses of these components. If the non-linear relationships are more complicated, the spline approximations are no more accurate. An alternative approach is based on empirical neural networks which are based on the mathematical approximation of measured data. It is well known that neural networks are able to represent and predict complex component responses accurately. The aim of this paper is to perform a dynamic full vehicle simulation using a thermomechanically coupled hybrid neural network shock absorber model. In this shock absorber model, the spline approach is combined with a temperature-dependent neural network. Based on a displacement-controlled excitation on a four post test rig in the ADAMS/Car MBS software, a rugged test track is simulated. In this way, the front and rear shock absorbers are dynamically loaded with comfort-relevant frequencies in the range of 0.75–30 Hz and velocity amplitudes up to 2 m/s. By the simulation, stability of the hybrid neural network model is demonstrated. Furthermore, the damping force, the vertical acceleration of the chassis and the required simulation times are compared. The standard spline approach is used as a reference.     

Method for obtaining the wheel–rail contact location and its application to the normal problem calculation through ‘CONTACT’

This work presents a robust methodology for calculating inter-penetration areas between railway wheel and rail surfaces, the profiles of which are defined by a series of points. The method allows general three-dimensional displacements of the wheelset to be considered, and its characteristics make it especially suitable for dynamic simulations where the wheel–rail contact is assumed to be flexible. The technique is based on the discretisation of the geometries of the surfaces in contact, considering the wheel as a set of truncated cones and the rail as points. By means of this approach, it is possible to reduce the problem to the calculation of the intersections between cones and lines, the solution for which has a closed-form expression. The method has been used in conjunction with the CONTACT algorithm in order to solve the static normal contact problem when the lateral displacement of the wheelset, its yaw angle and the vertical force applied in the wheelset centroid are prescribed. The results consist of smooth functions when the dependent coordinates are represented as a function of the independent ones, lacking the jump discontinuities that are present when a rigid contact model is adopted. Example results are shown and assessed for the normal contact problem for different lateral and yaw positions of the wheelset on the track.