一种汽车外后视镜视野校核方法

汽车行驶中,路况信息靠视觉得到的,良好的视野是预防汽车事故的基本必要条件,外后视镜是驾驶员获得间接视野重要方式,因而外后视镜布置必须符合法规要求,文章介绍了一种汽车外后视镜视野校核方法。     

基于CATIA软件的重卡车型后视镜校核

为解决目前重卡车型后视镜视野校核无具体方法的问题,文章详细介绍了使用CATIA软件对后视镜视野进行校核的过程,以判断后视镜的尺寸和布置位置是否满足相关法规要求,以及调节机构操作是否方便等问题,最终形成完整的校核重卡车型后视镜的方法。该方法适用于在设计初期,只有少量三维数据时,即可验证后视镜及其调节装置的布置位置可行性,以防汽车量产后,由于后视镜设计不当引发的安全隐患或后期修改造成的大量变动。     

基于RAMSIS的轿跑车视野分析

介绍了汽车视野分析的基本方法,并基于RAMSIS软件对某轿跑车视野进行了分析,分析内容主要包括仪表板盲区校核、A柱盲区校核、内外后视镜视野校核等,为同类车型的视野分析提供了参考依据。     

某重卡后视镜视野分析及法规校核

汽车外后视镜是车辆主动安全防御性的重要设备。有经验的驾驶者都知道,后视镜性能不佳(存在盲区或视野宽度不足)会严重影响驾驶安全。为保证驾驶员在操作过程中,得到充足的后视镜视野反馈信息,提高车辆行驶过程中的安全性,对某重卡汽车的外后视镜进行视野分析及法规校核。     

基于知识工程在汽车后视野校核中的应用

提出了一种基于知识工程在汽车后视野校核中应用的校核方法,这种校核方法通过为产品建立一个产品知识库来完成各种车型的后视野校核,并能够依据法规自动判定该后视镜是否合格,方便地将设计原理、规范、准则等设计依据融入到CAD设计中,并可以根据参数化进行实时的修改、调整镜面以及校核结果的自动更新,提高校核效率,确保校核结果的准确性。结合某车型的后视镜为校核实例,通过知识工程进行了校核验证。     

人眼视觉与汽车后视镜设计

本文综合国内外人眼视觉理论和汽车后视镜的研究成果,从人体工程学出发,论述了汽车驾驶员的视野,以及为安全行车对汽车内,外平面后视镜提出的技术要求。文中详细地介绍了校核车内后视镜,车外左后视镜的位置、镜面尺寸及可调角度等是否符合人体工程学的方法,这一方法可供车身设计师来确定后视镜的技术参数。     

基于知识工程在汽车后视野校核中的应用

提出了一种基于知识工程在汽车后视野校核中应用的校核方法,这种校核方法通过为产品建立一个产品知识库来完成各种车型的后视野校核,并能够依据法规自动判定该后视镜是否合格,方便地将设计原理、规范、准则等设计依据融入到CAD设计中,并可以根据参数化进行实时的修改、调整镜面以及校核结果的自动更新,提高校核效率,确保校核结果的准确性.结合某车型的后视镜为校核实例,通过知识工程进行了校核验证.     

基于CATIA软件的汽车后视镜校核

为解决目前乘用车后视镜视野及调节方便性分析无具体方法的问题,文章详细介绍使用CATIA软件对后视镜视野及调节方便性进行校核的过程,使后视镜能够看到规范要求远处的情况并且后视镜调节装置处于推荐的操作区域内,以判断后视镜的尺寸和布置是否满足相关法规要求及调节机构是否方便等问题,最终形成完整的校核乘用车后视镜视野及调节方便性的方法:即利用三维软件CATIA模拟人体使用后视镜及其调节装置,看其是否满足要求.该方法能在设计初期,只有少量三维数据时,即可验证后视镜及其调节装置的可行性,以防汽车量产后,由于后视镜设计不当引发的安全隐患或后期修改造成的大量变动.     

基于Power Copy的车辆外后视镜视野校核

车辆研发的造型设计阶段,车辆外后视镜的位置和尺寸经常因造型方面的各种需求而进行修改。由于GB15084-2013中对车辆外后视镜的视野范围做了强制性规定,所以每次修改外后视镜的位置和尺寸之后都需要重新进行视野范围的校核。在传统的校核方法中,当外后视镜位置和尺寸发生变化时需要重新对整个校核过程进行手动更新,耗时较长、效率低、容易出错。文章主要介绍了基于CATIA V5的Power Copy模块进行外后视镜视野范围校核的模板制作方法。首先在CATIA V5中使用带参的方式建立外后视镜视野校核的整个操作过程,再使用Power Copy模块将校核过程制作成模板。该方法使得外后视镜视野范围的校核过程更为简单、结果更为准确,且初步实现了参数化驱动,实用性较强并且能够大幅提高工作效率。     

后视镜布置及校核方法的研究

外后视镜属于汽车重要安全件,是驾驶员获得间接视野最主要的途径之一,在进行布置设计时必须考虑视野是否符合法规要求,是否能够满足使用要求。本文利用cAD软件对某车型的后视镜进行布置和视野校核,使其满足法规及人机要求。     

基于2021版和2015版C-NCAP的某驾驶员座椅鞭打试验对比分析及改进

通过对比2015版和2021版C-NCAP鞭打试验评价规程和评分原则,总结了两个版本之间的异同点。搭载BioRID II假人模型对同一批次的某驾驶员座椅分别进行2015版和2021版C-NCAP鞭打试验,并对比了在不同版本评价规程下试验后假人颈部的伤害情况,找出失分的主要因素,为厂家进行驾驶员座椅设计提供了相对应的改进措施,以提高某驾驶员座椅在2021版C-NCAP鞭打试验部分的得分。     

考虑初始情绪的个性化驾驶负荷状态评价

利用驾驶人生理数据对驾驶人的负荷状态进行评价已成为交通心理学的研究热点，该方法通常需要采集驾驶人在静息状态的生理信号特征作为其负荷基准，因此负荷基准的提取将影响驾驶人状态评价结果的准确性。基于此，研究搭建驾驶模拟试验平台，招募15名志愿者开展驾驶模拟试验，设计不同任务诱导其产生3种程度的精神负荷，采集志愿者在不同负荷状态下的生理信号。基于试验数据研究驾驶人初始情绪对心电信号负荷基准值的影响，设计初始情绪提取处理方案，并提出基于个性化敏感生理特征的驾驶负荷评价方法。首先对原始心电信号进行滤波，修订心跳间隔异常值；其次计算心率变异性序列（HRV）时频域特征，利用线性回归对静息状态驾驶人情绪特征进行提取，并利用归一化处理消除初始情绪对驾驶人静息状态负荷的影响，完成驾驶人心电信号时域和频域特征的计算提取；最后采用Fisher-score特征选择算法完成不同驾驶人个体敏感特征的选取，并对个性化特征提取前后的驾驶人负荷评价结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明：研究设计的考虑初始情绪的个性化特征分类器可有效消除初始情绪对驾驶人静息状态负荷的影响，且提高了驾驶人负荷状态识别的准确率，可为进一步研究驾驶任务对驾驶人负荷状态的影响并改进车内外分心源的设计提供依据。     

试论汽车驾驶员在安全驾驶中的问题

中国在过去几十年里发生了翻天覆地的变化,社会经济建设取得了重大成就,经济也实现了跨越式发展。目前人们的收入是非常可观的,所以人们有足够的经济支撑购买汽车,这也正是现如今汽车保有量不断增加的主要原因。任何事情都具有双面性,汽车为人们的出行提供了便利,但是其同样会造成交通安全事故,威胁人们生命健康安全。对于汽车驾驶员来讲,道路状况会影响汽车驾驶状态,但对其影响最大的是个人主观因素,即驾驶员驾驶过程中的状态以及心理素质水平的高低。本文主要论述驾驶员在安全驾驶中的问题,并就问题提出解决策略。     

eTS fuzzy driver model for simultaneous longitudinal and lateral vehicle control

In this paper, evolving Takagi-Sugeno (eTS) fuzzy driver model is proposed for simultaneous lateral and longitudinal control of a vehicle in a test track closed to traffic. The developed eTS fuzzy driver model can capture human operator’s driving expertise for generating desired steering angle, throttle angle and brake pedal command values by processing only information which can be supplied by the vehicle’s on-board control systems in real time. Apart from other fuzzy rule based (FRB) models requiring human expert knowledge or off-line clustering, the developed eTS driver model can adapt itself automatically, even ‘from scratch’, by an on-line learning process using eTS algorithm while human driver is supervising the vehicle. Proposed eTS fuzzy driver model’s on-line human driver identification capability and autonomous vehicle driving performance were evaluated on real road profiles created by digitizing two different intercity express ways of Turkey in IPG© CarMaker® software. The training and validation simulation results demonstrated that eTS fuzzy driver model can be used in product development phase to speed up different tests via realistic simulations. Furthermore eTS fuzzy driver model has an application potential in the field of autonomous driving.     

Driver propensity characterization for different forward collision warning times

The forward collision warning system, which warns danger to the driver after sensing possibility of crash in advance, has been actively studied recently. Such systems developed until now give a warning, regardless of driver’s driving propensity. However, it’s not reasonable to give a warning to every driver at the same time because drivers are different in driving propensity. In this study, to give a warning to each driver differently, three metrics classifying driver’s driving propensity were developed by using the driving data on a testing ground. These three metrics are the predicted time headway, required deceleration divided by the deceleration of the leading vehicle, and the resultant acceleration divided by the deceleration of the leading vehicle. Driving propensity was divided into 3 groups by using these metrics for braking and steering cases. In addition, these metrics were verified by making sure that braking propensity could be classified on public roads as well.     

节能减排汽车驾驶技术浅析

驾驶员的驾驶技术和责任心会直接影响最终的油耗,驾驶节油的关键在于看驾驶人员是否按照车辆运行要求,采用相应的驾驶操作,使人车之间合理搭配保持车辆最佳运行状态,驾驶员的驾驶技术和驾驶习惯会对节油产生非常大的影响,因此,在日常行车过程中,驾驶员需要逐渐提升自身的驾驶水平,时刻牢记驾车注意事项,这样才能达到最终的节约目标.     

Evaluation of preview G-Vectoring control to decelerate a vehicle prior to entry into a curve

This paper describes the development of the braking assistance system based on a “G-Vectoring” concept. The present work focuses in particular on “Preview G-Vectoring Control” (PGVC), which is based on the “G-Vectoring Control” (GVC) scheme. In GVC, the longitudinal-acceleration control algorithm is based on the actual lateral jerk. PGVC decelerates a vehicle before it enters a curve, and is based on a new longitudinal-acceleration control algorithm which uses predicted and actual lateral jerk. Using the predicted lateral jerk makes it possible to decelerate the vehicle prior to curve entry. This deceleration can emulate a driver’s deceleration as the vehicle approaches a curve entry. PGVC is based on such deceleration algorithms and enables automatic deceleration similar to the action of a driver. It is thus possible to significantly improve the driver’s feeling when this system is activated. Driving tests with this new control system on snowy-winding course confirmed that the automatic brake control quality improved considerably compared to manual driver control considering both lap time and ride quality. These results indicate that PGVC can be a useful braking assistance system not only to improve the driver’s handling performance but also to reduce the brake-task during driving on winding roads.     

市区行车不闯红灯措施研究

市区行车不闯红灯,首先应提升不闯红灯理念,关键是如何做到＂心中有红灯＂.其次,将路口划分为＂两线一区＂,分析路口行车关键环节和行车要点,分别路口不同情况,制定相应行车计划.最后探讨如何执行路口行车计划,根本途径是提升司机素质,在日常路口行车中,掌握不闯红灯的本领.     

Starting sliding mode variable structure that coordinates the control and real-time optimization of dry dual clutch transmissions

This paper researches the coordination of control between an engine and clutch at the system level to adequately reflect a driver’s intention and improve the starting performance of a vehicle equipped with a dry dual clutch transmission (DCT). Four-degree-of-freedom (DOF) starting dynamic equations are established for a dry DCT with a single intermediate shaft, and a two-DOF model of the sliding friction process and a single-DOF in-gear model of stable operation are obtained after simplifying these equations. Taking advantage of predictive control and a genetic algorithm, target tracing curves of the engine’s speed and the vehicle’s velocity are optimally specified online, and the starting sliding mode variable structure (SMVS) coordinating control strategy is designed to track these curves. The starting performance of a prototype car equipped with a dry DCT is simulated under different starting cases on the MATLAB/Simulink software platform. The simulation results show that the designed SMVS coordinating controller not only embodies driver intention and effectively improves the dry DCT car’s starting performance but is also highly robust when subjected to variations in the vehicle parameters.     

Haptic steering support for driving near the vehicle’s handling limits; skid-pad case

Current vehicle dynamic control systems from simple yaw control to high-end active steering support systems are designed to primarily actuate on the vehicle itself, rather than stimulate the driver to adapt his/her inputs for better vehicle control. The driver though dictates the vehicle’s motion, and centralizing him/her in the control loop is hypothesized to promote safety and driving pleasure. Exploring the above statement, the goal of this study is to develop and evaluate a haptic steering support when driving near the vehicle’s handling limits (Haptic Support Near the Limits; HSNL). The support aims to promote the driver’s perception of the vehicle’s behaviour and handling capacity (the vehicle’s internal model) by providing haptic (torque) cues on the steering wheel. The HSNL has been evaluated in (a) driving simulator tests and (b) tests with a vehicle (Opel Astra G/B) equipped with a variable steering feedback torque system. Drivers attempted to achieve maximum velocity while trying to retain control in a circular skid-pad. In the simulator (a) 25 subjects drove a vehicle model parameterised as the Astra on a dry skid-pad while in (b) 17 subjects drove the real Astra on a wet skid-pad. Both the driving simulator and the real vehicle tests led to the conclusion that the HSNL assisted subjects to drive closer to the designated path while achieving effectively the same speed. With the HSNL the drivers operated the tires in smaller slip angles and hence avoided saturation of the front wheels’ lateral forces and excessive understeer. Finally, the HSNL reduced their mental and physical demand.