大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥吊装施工线形监测方法研究

在大跨度钢管混凝土拱架吊装施工过程中,对主拱轴线的控制至关重要。文章基于测量控制原理及技术要求,提出一种拱桥吊装过程中线形监测方法——勾股定理函数求解法,并运用该方法计算得出各个观测点的坐标,与传统的"AUTO CAD描绘法"求出的精确坐标进行对比。结果表明:与传统方法相比,该方法原理清晰、操作简单易行,结果满足吊装线形监测精度要求,可为类似工程线形监测控制提供参考。     

南宁大桥拱肋吊装线形控制与测量技术

文章通过介绍南宁大桥在拱肋吊装安装定位过程中的测量技术以及线形调整措施的工程实例，阐述了在非对称、大跨度、大吨位钢箱拱桥施工过程中拱肋的线形测量控制技术。     

大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥拱肋施工技术

文章以广西平南三桥的拱肋吊装为研究背景,对大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥拱肋节段架设施工、扣索索力问题进行了研究。混凝土灌注时,南岸和北岸拱肋横向偏位基本一致,拱肋失稳可能性降低。通过计算扣索索力,对比仿真计算分析技术、零弯矩法和零位移法的索力值,得到零弯矩法和零位移法的索力值误差较大,而仿真计算分析技术索力值误差较小。在拱肋拱轴线形偏差研究中,分析了三种技术应用效果,实验结果表明仿真计算分析技术设计的拱轴线与期望拱轴线最为接近,说明施工效果较好。从实验结果中可以看出,结合ANSYS软件分析功能,该技术能较好地保证大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥的稳定性,其索力值最大误差为1.2,拱形偏差1cm。     

桁架拱桥设计中拱轴线型式对结构内力影响的研究

通过结构有限元程序计算不同型式拱轴线的三角形桁架拱桥内力,分析拱轴线型式对结构内力的影响,为某桁架拱桥设计选择较为合理的拱轴线型式.     

大跨度拱桥斜拉扣挂体系施工阶段分析

斜拉扣挂法属于拱桥无支架缆索吊装法的一种,其基本思路是在加工厂制作拱肋块段,现场分段起吊至设计位置,采用斜拉索结构承载拱肋自重、控制拱肋线形,最终完成拱肋合龙。文章依托某主跨507m的大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥工程实例,介绍了斜拉扣挂法施工阶段索力计算分析方法,提出了扣塔受力计算分析的优化算法,为类似工程提供参考。     

悬臂拼装圆弧拱桥施工监控扣索索力计算分析

扣索索力直接影响采用悬臂拼装施工的钢筋混凝土拱桥主拱圈截面的应力、拱轴线的标高,因此扣索索力计算对采用悬臂拼装施工的钢筋混凝土拱桥尤为重要。文章以海马大桥工程为例,采用基于ANSYS优化模块的直接优化算法对该桥施工扣索索力进行了计算,并通过施工监控验证了该计算方法的合理性,采用直接优化算法得到的扣索索力成功运用到海马大桥施工监控之中,拱圈线形和受力都满足要求。     

平南三桥不同封拱脚方案对比分析

平南三桥为主跨575m的中承式钢管混凝土拱桥,其管径大、吊重大、吊装节段数多,如果采用传统的"先合龙,再封拱脚"的施工方案,会导致施工过程中线形和各扣索索力均匀性较差。为确定合理的封拱脚时机,确保施工安全,文章采用"过程最优,结果可控"一次张拉施工优化计算方法,从施工线形、扣索索力均匀性和拱圈应力等几个方面对三种封拱脚方案(单片拱肋两岸各吊装第四段后封拱脚、单片拱肋两岸各吊装第六段后封拱脚、单片拱肋两岸各吊装第八段后封拱脚)进行对比研究。研究结果表明,单片拱肋两岸各吊装第六段后封拱脚方案的施工线形、各扣索索力均匀性和拱圈应力等均较好,为最佳施工方案。基于此,对第六段封拱脚施工方式下拱圈实测线形和目标线形进行比较,进一步验证了施工方式的合理性。     

大跨径钢筋混凝土拱桥拱轴系数优化设计

拱轴系数m作为悬链线的线形特征,其对于悬链线主拱圈的影响至关重要。采用大型分析软件Ansys,针对600m跨钢筋混凝土拱桥进行拱轴系数优化设计,得到了主拱圈截面的拱轴系数对于主拱圈的影响,结果表明拱轴系数应采用相对较大值。     

南宁大桥外倾式混凝土拱肋劲性骨架的设计与施工

南宁大桥主桥采用混凝土拱肋与钢箱拱肋的组合式外倾拱肋结构，其中，混凝土拱肋的劲性骨架不仅是拱肋钢筋安装、预应力束安装临时固定、液压自爬模施工荷载以及承受新浇筑节段混凝土自重的支撑结构，而且是确保拱肋线形的关键技术措施。本文对劲性骨架的结构设计、计算和现场施工进行了详细的阐述。     

钢管混凝土拱桥拱轴线参数敏感性分析

文章分析了影响钢管混凝土拱桥结构内力分配和稳定性的主要因素,并以金钗红水河特大桥为依托,对矢跨比、拱轴线内倾角、拱肋中心间距和拱轴系数进行参数敏感性分析,得出了各设计参数对结构内力分配和整体稳定性的影响规律。     

V型墩连续刚构桥施工监控分析

佛山南庄二桥是V型墩连续刚构桥，梁体采用移动支架悬臂施工，均为动态成形，高空作业，故该桥的施工控制成为保证桥梁施工质量的关键因素。文章介绍了该桥施工监控的控制思路和现场测点布置、测量的内容，重点阐述了结构线形控制的实施过程，为同类桥梁的施工控制提供参考依据。     

Geometric modelling of highways using global positioning system (GPS) data and spline approximation

Detailed studies of traffic safety, as highway design consistency evaluation, require having the geometric definition of the alignment. An efficient and reliable procedure has been developed for obtaining this geometric definition for two-lane rural highways. The method is based on getting data of the highway by means of a GPS receiver mounted in a car and the subsequent processing of this information. The data taken in the highway are differentially corrected and points in the roadway centerline are estimated by means of a developed calculation algorithm. Finally, the highway alignment is defined by means of a parametric cubic smoothing spline. In this paper, the developed method and its application to the M-607 highway, located in Madrid (Spain), is exposed.     

Clear zone requirements based on horizontal sight distance considerations

This paper demonstrates how to approximate the boundary of the clear zone adjacent to a roadway alignment, based only on horizontal sight distance considerations. The alignment is divided into subproblems, and the clear zone boundary for each subproblem is approximated by a piecewise-linear space curve. The algorithms for this approximation are specifically designed to avoid numerical instability. Pseudocode versions of the algorithms are presented for the entire method. The errors in this approach are quite small compared to the expected errors generated while surveying and constructing roadways, and the error bound is shown to converge to zero uniformly as the parameter governing the resolution of the algorithm is made smaller.     

油气管道多轮内检测数据对齐算法研究及应用

由于多轮内检测外部不确定因素和误差的共同作用,多轮间里程数据存在一定差异,难以实现管道缺陷的对齐,人工开展内检测数据对齐的工作量巨大。文中针对管道多轮内检测数据对齐算法展开研究,建立相关模型以提高数据对齐工作效率,分析了解管道动态,保障管道安全运行。将算法应用于在役天然气管道的三轮内检测数据,实现了球阀、管件、弯头、环焊缝、缺陷等特征向基线的对齐,对齐结果与基线偏差精确至0.01 m。     

Naturalistic driving data collection to investigate into the effects of road geometrics on track behaviour

Road designers assume that drivers will follow the road alignment with trajectories centred in the lane, and move at the design speed parallel to the road centreline (i.e., the horizontal alignment). Therefore, they assume that if the horizontal alignment indicates the “designed trajectory”, the driving path indicates the “operating trajectory”. However, at present, they do not have the necessary tools to measure the relationship between the designed alignment and possible vehicle trajectories.The paper has two objectives: (a) to develop an understanding of the root causes of differences between road alignment and vehicle trajectories; and (b) to define and calibrate a model that estimates the local curvature of trajectories on the basis of the designed horizontal alignment.The two objectives were pursued by carrying out a naturalistic survey using vehicles equipped with high precision GPS in real-time kinematics (RTK) mode driven by test drivers on road sections of known geometric characteristics. The results provide an insight into the effects of road geometrics on driver behaviour, thus anticipating possible driving errors or unexpected/undesired behaviours, information which can then be used to correct possible inconsistencies when making decisions at the design stage.     

上海西藏南路南段改拓建工程方案概述

结合上海西藏南路南段（复兴东路一中山南路）改拓建工程，介绍了在规划红线宽度受限、周边建设条件受制约的情况下，对该路段建设规模的论证及平面线形优化的方法，并对拓建方案进行了比选。     

林区公路设计中的合理布线方法

公路线形的选择和布设,是公路工程进入设计阶段的第一个步骤,其合理性将直接影响着后续设计过程,因此做好公路设计的布线工作尤其重要。文章结合林区公路设计现状,归纳和总结了林区公路设计中合理布线的基本步骤、原则和方法,并以大桂山林场旧路改造项目为例,介绍了林区公路合理布线的注意事项。     

城市轨道交通线路设计需要把握的若干问题

城市轨道交通线路总体方案研究不但从宏观上把握项目的总体布局,而且关系到项目的经济效益和社会效益。结合城市轨道交通线路规划设计的实践,对线路设计中需要把握的若干问题进行了分析探讨。     

Multi‐objective highway alignment optimization using a genetic algorithm

The available highway alignment optimization algorithms use the total cost as the objective function. This is a single objective optimization process. In this process, travel‐time, vehicle operation accident earthwork land acquisition and pavement construction costs are the basic components of the total cost. This single objective highway alignment optimization process has limited capability in handling the cost components separately. Moreover, this process cannot yield a set of alternative solutions from a single run. This paper presents a multi‐objective approach to overcome these shortcomings. Some of the cost components of highway alignments are conflicting in nature. Minimizing some of them will yield a straighter alignment; whereas, minimizing others would make the alignment circuitous. Therefore, the goal of the multiobjective optimization approach is to handle the trade‐off amongst the highway alignment design objectives and present a set of near optimal solutions. The highway alignment objectives, i.e., cost functions, are not continuous in nature. Hence, a special genetic algorithm based multi‐objective optimization algorithm is suggested The proposed methodology is demonstrated via a case study at the end.     

浅谈建设永久性农村公路的设想

文章针对农村公路测设与施工的情况，从平面线形、公路纵断面线形、平纵面线形组合、路基与排水等方面提出建设永久性农村公路的设想。