某地铁旁通道冻结法施工三维温度场数值计算研究

冻结法在地铁旁通道施工中得到了广泛的应用,冻土墙的设计温度和厚度是工程安全的重要前提,为了直观了解冻土墙的温度特性,保证工程的安全,通常采用数值计算模拟温度场.目前多采用简化的平面模型,由于旁通道冻结工程中冻结管布置并不是平行的,所以采用简化的平面模型来进行计算,其计算结果存在较大的误差.为此建立了旁通道冻结三维模型进...     

冻结法和水平注浆在天津地铁盾构接收中的组合应用

盾构接收是盾构法施工中的关键环节,也是具有很大工程风险的工序.为防止围护结构失稳必须对端头土体加固,目前常用的加固方法主要有渗透注浆法、劈裂注浆法、高压旋喷注浆法、深层搅拌法、冻结法、挡土结构(素混凝土墙或钻孔桩)、水平注浆法和降水法等.具体方法的选择应根据工程地质条件、地下水位、结构埋深、盾构的机型与直径、作业环境等条件,同时考虑安全性、施工方便性、经济性、工期等因素.文章结合天津地铁某标段的工程实践,对冻结法和水平注浆的组合加固技术进行分析,实际加固效果达到工程预期目的.     

济南黄河隧道超大直径盾构端头冻结加固技术

始发和接收段为盾构隧道施工过程中的重要风险源,特别是在富水地层中的防水措施十分关键。冻结法已普遍被应用于处理盾构始发和接收段止水加固的问题。依托济南黄河隧道工程,对超大直径泥水平衡盾构端头冻结技术进行总结。对工程地质和周边管线等实际情况进行具体分析,计算单个洞门接收和始发的需冷量后选择合适的冻结设备,并进行盐水循环和清水循环设计;通过始发段测温孔的设置和按时间分布记录的数据,分析了加固处的降温速率和冻结壁发展情况;从冻结帷幕厚度和冻土平均温度等指标对冻结效果进行评估;最后对冻结中可能遇到的冻胀、融沉、设备故障和洞门破除等风险进行评估,并给出相应的处理方法。以上得到的数据和结论可为以后工程中的冻结加固方向提供参考。     

越江隧道工程大型泥水盾构进出洞施工关键技术

盾构进出洞施工是上海复兴东路越江隧道工程圆形断面隧道施工的重要环节,其技术的成功与否,将直接影响隧道盾构的正常推进.复兴东路越江隧道工程盾构进出洞段施工难点主要是浅覆土中泥水平衡系统的建立和控制,其进出口段地层的冻结加固处理、洞口的止水设计、盾构轴线控制及泥水平衡控制等都是大型泥水盾构进出洞掘进施工的关键技术.     

盾构始发水泥土加固后水平冻结温度实测研究

依托于苏州地铁二号线火车站东风井2#洞门盾构始发水平冻结加固工程,通过实时监测杯型冻土壁温度场,分析了不同阶段的盐水温度规律,以及在不同深度、不同土质和不同冻结区域的土体温度发展特征;并计算了不同土质冻土壁厚度、交圈时间和发展速度.监测结果分析表明,在整个冻结期间,任意时间都是板块体加固区测温孔温度低于圆柱体加固区测温孔温度;同一测温孔中,冻结前期水平入土越深温度越高,冻结后期水平入土越深温度越低;在相同冻结能量和冻结时间内,水泥土加固粉砂土比粉质粘土温度要低;水泥土加固粉质粘土释放潜热的天数是水泥土加固粉砂土的2倍;在冻结效果方面,包括冻土壁交圈时间、冻结壁厚度、冻结壁平均发展速度、冻结壁平均温度,水泥土加固粉砂土比水泥土加固粉质粘土更好.     

盾构出洞冻结加固土体变形研究

基于宁波北仑电厂二期取水隧道盾构出洞口冻结加固工程的现场监测和数值分析的结果，作者系统地讨论了由于土的冻结效应产生的若干技术问题，如地表隆起，土体分层变形和冻土结构周围的未冻干的变形问题。     

大连路越江隧道盾构出洞冻结加固工程设计与分析

文章从工程设计、理论分析及工程应用的角度,对上海市穿越黄浦江底的大连路越江隧道工程盾构出洞冻结加固施工技术进行了研究分析,得出了一些有益的结论.     

斜交桥梁桥台拱胀开裂分析及加固方法

斜交桥梁桥台钝角侧墙、前墙容易发生拱胀、开裂病害,文章结合工程实例,分析了桥台产生拱胀开裂病害的原因,提出了预应力钢筋对拉加固和植筋加固墙加固的处理方案,并对两种加固方案的造价和施工技术进行了比较。     

广州地铁隧道过断裂破碎带超长水平冻结法施工技术

文章结合广州地铁纪-越区间隧道过清泉街断裂带冻结工程实例,介绍了国内冻结长度最长且穿越复杂含水地层水平冻结法的设计、施工技术,并对冻结法施工效果进行系统分析和总结,为今后类似工程施工提供了可靠依据.     

冻结法开挖水下隧道横通道初探

文章基于冻结法的基本理论,以某水下盾构隧道横通道工程为例,采用大型有限元软件,分析比较了直墙式和曲墙式冻结帷幕的力学性能,设计、验证了能形成曲墙式冻结帷幕的冻结管布置方式。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.