THE HUMORAL AND CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSES INDUCED BY HPV18L1-E6/E7 DNA VACCINES IN MICE

Objective To construct eukaryutic expression vector of HPV18 L1- E6, E7 chimeric gene and examine the humorul and cellular immune responses induced by this DNA vaccines in mice. Methods The C-terminal of major rapsid protein L1 gene and mutant zinc finger domains of early E6/7 oncogenes in HPV18 were integrated and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1 to generate vaccines pVAX1-L1E6Mxx, ETMxx. CHO cells were transiently transfected with the individual construct. Target protein expressions in the lysate of the transfected cells were measured by ELISA and immunocytochemistry After BALB/c mice were vaccinated with various recombinant plusmids（pVAX1- L1-E6M3 or pVAX1-L1-E7M3 ） and immunie adjuvants （pLXHDmB7-2 or LTB） through different administration routes （intramuscular or intranasal） , the great cellular immune responses were produced us revealed by delayed-type hypersensitivity （DTH） and lymphocyte proliferation, and the expression of IL-4 and IFN- 7 cells in CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ subpopulations. Results The highly efficient expression of pVAX1-L1E6Mxx, E7Mxx vector in host eukaryotic cells were demonstrated both by ELISA and immunocytochemistry. The level of specific serum IgG against HPV in experiment groups mice was much higher than that of control group, and intranuscular immunization group had the highest antibody level. Intramuscular immunization groups were superior to intranasal immunization groups in DTH response, splenocyte proliferation and CD8^＋ IFN-γ^＋ cells number, but CD4^＋ IL4^＋ cell number was higher in intranasul immunization groups. The immunization groups using pLXHDmB7.-2 as adjuvant were superior to other groups in immunorespouse. Conclusion These DNA vaccines produce remarkable cellular and humorul immune responses in the mouse and may provide us prophylatic and therapeutic candidates for HPV induced cancer treatment.     

Eukaryotic expression and biological activity analysis of neuroprotective peptide [Gly14]-Humanin

Objective To investigate the expression of neuroprotective peptide [Gly14]-Humanin (HNG) in eukaryotic cells by gene engineering technique and analyze its biological activity. Methods By means of asymmetrical primer/template, double stranded cDNA of HNG with FLAG in its C-terminal was obtained, which was cloned into the plasmid pcDNA3.1(-), and the resultant recombinant vector pcDNA3.1(-)/HNG-FLAG was transfected into PC12 cells. At the same time, the recombinant vector pcDNA3.1(-)/EGFP was transfected to control the efficiency of transfection. The expression of HNG in the cells was determined by immunocytochemistry. In order to analyze the biological activity of the expressed HNG, 25μM Aβ25-35 peptide was added to the culture medium of the transfected cells for 24h, then cell morphology, MTT assay and Hoechst 33258 staining were observed. Results The eukaryotic expression vector of pcDNA3.1(-)/HNG-FLAG was identified by enzyme digestion and sequencing. HNG was highly expressed in PC12 cells. After exposure of PC12 cells to 25μM Aβ25-35 for 24h, cell viability decreased to (65.8±5.3)%, and the dystrophic changes of neuritis and nuclei condensation were obvious. When cells were pre-transfected with pcDNA3.1(-)/HNG-FLAG, Aβ25-35-induced cell death and morphological changes of cells and nuclei were suppressed. In contrast, pre-transfected with empty vector did not protect cells from Aβ25-35-induced toxicity. Conclusion The eukaryotic expression vector for FLAG-tagged HNG was successfully constructed and expressed in PC12 cells. Expressed HNG has biological activity.     

THE CONSTRUCTION AND EXPRESSION OF THE MURINE SCFV GENE IN E. COLI AGAINST HUMAN CERVICAL CANCER

Objective To obtain the gene of murine Single chain Fv fragment （ScFv） against haman cervical cancer and to express it in E. coli. Methods The variable region gene fragments of the heavy and light chains, which were amplified respectively using recombinant DNA techniques from CsA125 hybridama cells, were spliced together through a flexible linker to ScFv against human cervical cancer. The ScFv genes were then cloned into expression vector pCANTAB 5E and expressed in E. coli HB2151 and TG1 respectively. The soluble ScFv were characterized by SDSPAGE and Western blot. The antigen-binding activities of the soluble and phage displayed ScFv were assayed by ELISA and cell immunohistochemical analysis. Results The expressed ScFv antibodies were soluble and phage displayed. soluble ScFv secreted and expressed in E. coli HB2151 induced by IPTG were confirmed with SDS-PAGE, Western blot and ELISA. The specific binding capacity of the soluble and phage displayed ScFv to the surface associated antigen of human cervical cancer cell line was further confirmed with immunohistochemical studies. Conclusion The soluble and phage displayed ScFv expressed in E. coll against haman cervical cancer showed high, specific affinity for the cervical cancer cell line surface associated antigen.     

Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation of C6 glioma cells in vitro by tamoxifen

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of tamoxifen on rat C6 glioma cells. Methods C6 cells were cultured in Dulbecco＇s modified Eagle＇s medium （DMEM） with 3% fetal calf serum （FCS）, and treated with tamoxifen of different concentrations, i.e. group A （1.25 μmol/L）, group B （2.50 μmol/L）, group C （5. 00 μmol/L）, group D （10. 00 μmol/L）, group E （20. 00 μmol/L） and control group （0. 00 μmol/L）. Morphological changes, MTT assay and 5-bromo-2＇-deoxyuriding labeling ratio were assessed. Apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry. Results C6 cells treated with different doses of tamoxifen for 24, 48, and 72 hours became irregular in shape, while cells treated with vehicle grew normally. MTT assay showed that tamoxifen did not suppress C6 cell growth until 72 hours after treatment. Seventy-two hours after treatment, there were significant differences in cell viable rate between group A versus groups C, D and E; so did group B versus group D as well as group E （P〈 0.05 ）. BrdU incorporation assay indicated significant difference of BrdU labbled index （BrdU LI） among groups A, C, E and control group 48 hoers after treatment （P〈0.05）. And the BrdU LI decreased with the increased concentration of tamoxifen. Flow cytometry （FCM） showed significant difference between treated group and control group at 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Tamoxifen significantly suppresses the growth of C6 glioma cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The mechanism of tamoxifen suppressing C6 glioma cells may be inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Therefore, tamoxifen can be a candidate as a chemotherapy agent for glioma.     

THE EFFECT OF LIGUSTRAZINE ON NEUROGENESIS IN CORTEX AFTER FOCAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA IN RATS

Objective To explore the effect of Ligustrazine on neurogenesis in cortex after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by left middle cerebral artery occlusion with a suture. Two hours later, injection of Ligustrazine （80 mg/kg, 1 time/d） was performed peritoneally. Four hours after the ischemia, 5-bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU） （50 mg/kg, 1 time/d） was injected peritoneally. At 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after ischemia, BrdU positive cells in the cortex were observed by cal staining. Results In ischemic model group, at 7 day, sparsely-distributed BrdU positive cells were observed in the Ⅱ-- Ⅵ layers of the ipsilateral cortex, with a bandlike distribution in ischemic penumbra. With the prolongation of ischemia, the number of BrdU positive cells increased. In Ligustrazine group, BrdU positive cells were also observed in theⅡ-- Ⅵ layers of the cortex, with an intense distribution in ischemic penumbra. The numbers of BrdU positive cells at 7 d, 14 d and 21 d were more than those in ischemic model group respectively. Conclusion Ligustrazine increases the proliferated cells in cortex after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. The results suggest that it may be useful for promoting self-repair after ischemia.     

FOLLICULO-STELLATE CELLS OFTHE RAT ANTERIOR PITUITARY RESPONDED TO ANGIOTENSIN Ⅱ BY INCREASING INTRACELLULAR CONCENTRATION

Objective The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether the folliculo-stellate cells (FSC) respond to angiotensin(Ang) Ⅱ by increasing intracellular free concentration ([]i) ,and where the o-rigin of mobilization is if that has occurred. Methods Pituitary cells in primary culture were prepared from male Wister rats(250g) by a conventional method and cultured in MEM supplemented with 4％ normal rat serum. Af-ter 2 days in culutre,cells were loaded with 1 μmol/L fura-PE3/AM for 1 h and subjected to a ment with Quanti Cell 700 system. Excitation wavelengths of 340 and 380 nm were selected by means of a computer-controlled filterwheel. Results The of FSC in the rat anterior pituitary was elevated by Ang Ⅱ. The eleva-tion of of FSC induced by 0. 1,1.0,10 and 100 nmol/L Ang Ⅱ was (56.33±6.18), (117.07± 36.07), (175.59 ± 40.01 ) and (216.02 ±11.52) nmol/L, respectively. The increase of of FSC induced by 100nmol/L Ang Ⅱ was not influenced by the medium without (0Ca),but significantly suppressed by thapsigargin (TG),an inhibitor of ATPase. The rate of responsive FSC to Ang Ⅱ (100 nmol/L) was 61.84％ which was obviously higher than that of pituitary endocrine cells (43.49％). Conclusion The present experiment demonstrates that the FSC in the rat anterior pituitary responds to Ang Ⅱ by increasing [which raises the possibility that Ang Ⅱ re-leased from either lactotrophs or gonadotrophs affects FSC through paracrine mechanism. The elevation of [induced by Ang Ⅱ presents a dosage-dependent relation, and is possibly because of the release of from an intra-cellular pool (s). Fashions of release are relative to the concentration of Ang Ⅱ. The results indicate that Ang Ⅱ functions as a paracrine factor among pituitary cells including FSC.     

CLONING SEGMENT SPIKE PROTEIN GENE OF SARS-COV AND ITSEXPRESSION IN ESCHERICHIA COLI

Objective Expressing and purifying the seglnent of SARS-CoV spike protein in E. Coli Methods The target gene was obtained by RT-PCR. The PCR product was cloned into pEGM- T Easy Vector, sequencing and double restriction digestion (BamH Ⅰ , Pst Ⅰ) were performed. The target gene was subcloned into PQE30 expression vector. The gene was expressed in the E. coli strain M15 cells induced by IPTG. The protein was purified with a nickel HiTrap chelating metal affinity column. Results The recombinant expression plasmid was successfully constructed and the protein was well expressed in E. coli strain M15 cells. The ideal pure protein was obtained by purification. Western blotting analysis suggested the protein could act with the convalescent sera of lab confirmed SARS patients. Conclusion The segment of SARS-CoV spike protein was well expressed and purified, and can be applied in diagnosis and immunological research of SARS.     

An experimental study of pioglitazone in treating vascular dementia

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of different doses of pioglitazone, a kind of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, on vascular dementia and explore how pioglitazone affects cerebral ischemia. Methods Modified Pulsinelli's vessel ligation was used to establish a vascular dementia model in rats. Recognition, learning and memory were evaluated by Morris's water maze test. Immunoenzyme staining was used to determine the number of nerve cells. Immunofluorescence double-staining was used to examine the expression of PPARγ/nerve cells and PPARγ/astrocytes in different groups. Results Both in pioglitazone groups and sham-operation group, the latency was reduced significantly compared to that in control group (P<0.01). Sham-operation group had the largest number of neurons in the cortex, followed by low-dose pioglitazone group and high-dose pioglitazone group, and control group came last. Compared with control group, pioglitazone groups had more PPARγ expression in nerve cells, and the fluorescence intensity of PPARγ was stronger. Conclusion Pioglitazone can induce the expression of PPARγ in neuron endochylema and astrocyte endochylema to protect nerve cells, and then to improve spatial learning and memory function in VD rats.     

The role of interleukin-8 produced by tumor induced fibroblasts in the development of cutaneous melanoma

Objective To determine the role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) produced by tumor induced fibroblasts in the development of cutaneous melanoma. Methods B16 melanoma cells induced L929 fibroblasts phenotype was transdifferentiated to myofibroblasts (MF) by co-culture in vitro. MF was monitored by morphology and immunophenotype for a-SMA. The level of IL-8 was detected by ELISA. The effect on B16 cell proliferation rate was estimated using MIT method in vitro. Melanoma implanting model was constructed in C57 mice. Results L929 MF phenotype could be modulated by B16 melanoma cells-derived transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and elevated the levels of IL-8. L929 MF did not influence the B16 melanoma cells viability in vitro, but shortened the time of tumor formation and increased the incidence rates of tumors in C57 implanting model mice. Conclusion Fibroblasts can be activated by tumor cells and produce IL-8, which acts as an inflammatory cytokine promoting the development of cutaneous melanoma.     

THE STUDY ON RELATION BETWEEN CD1a^＋ CELLS AND INFILTRATIVE CD3^＋ AND CD8^＋ CELLS IN RENAL TISSUE OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Objective To discuss the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in cellular immunity pathogenesis of glomerulonephritls (GN). Methods 114 patients with GN were selected randomly and divided into two groups,primary GN (pGN) and secondry GN (sGN). CDIa^ , CD3^ and CD8^ cells in bioptic renal tissues were examine dy immunohistochemically. The distribution of CDla cells and the infiltration of CD3^ and CD8^ cells in renal tissues were observed. Results There was no significant difference of CDIa^ , CD3^ , and CD8^ cells between pGN and sGN group (P＞0. 05). CDIa^ cells had significant positive correlation with the infiltrative CD3^ and CD8 cells,respectively (P＜0.01). The infiltrative CD3^ cells had significant positive correlation with the CD8 cells in the same area, respectively (P＜0.01). CD1a^ cells, CD3^ cells infiltrating in both glomeruli and renal interstitial tissues, and CD8^ cells only infiltrating in renal interstitial tissues, all of them had significant positive correlation with the degree of glomerular proliferation, respectively (P＜0.05). The infiltrative CD3^ and CD8^ cells in renal interstitial tissues had significant positive correlation with the degree of glomerular sclerosis and the lesion degree of renal tubule and interstitial, respectively (P~ 0. 05). There were significant positive correlation between CDla cells and the lesion degree of renal interstitial (P＜0.05). Collusion DCs could activate T lymphocyte by presenting antigen, then the activated T lymphocyte participate in the pathogenesls of GN through releasing cytokine and/or directly damaging the renal tubule and interstitial, which produce more serious glomeralar lesion.     

HPV-6/11 L1/E6、HPV-6/11 L1/E7嵌合DNA疫苗质粒的构建

目的　构建HPV 6 / 11L1/E6、HPV 6 / 11L1/E7预防、治疗性DNA疫苗质粒。方法　运用PCR扩增HPV 6 /11L1、E6、E7序列 ,PCR产物连接至pGEMT Easy质粒 ,测序鉴定正确后 ,分别连接至真核表达载体pVAX ,再用酶切、连接而构建成HPV 6 / 11L1 E6 /E7 pVAX质粒。运用电穿孔法将所获得质粒转染COS 7细胞 ,免疫组化检测蛋白表达情况。结果　所构建质粒的插入目的片段测序正确 ;免疫组化检测在胞浆胞核可见棕黄色点状阳性产物沉积。结论　所构建的HPV 6 / 11L1 E6 /E7 pVAX融合蛋白表达质粒可在体外表达L1 E6 /L1 E7蛋白 ,为今后进行DNA疫苗的动物实验及临床实验研究做好准备     

THE CONSTRUCTION OF LEUKARYOTIC EXPRESSION PLASMID PCDNA3/HPV16E6 AND EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF NAKED DNA INJECTED INTO ANIMAL

Cervicalcancerisacommonmalignancyofmarriedwomen.HighriskHPV(HPV16,18)infectioniscloselyassociatedwithcervicalcancer(l).HPV16DNAcanbedetectedinapproximately50%~90?rvicalcarcinomastZ).HPV16E6andE7geneshasbeenprovedtobetransforminggenes.TheirgeneproductscanbindtoandinactivateP53andPRbrespectively,playingacausalroleinthedevelopmentofcervicalcarcinomat27.AlotofinvestigationindicatethatHPV16E6/E7wereconsistentlyandhighlyexpressedincervicalcarcinomas,andthatE6/E7proteinscouldinducebothhu…     

MAPPING EPITOPES OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 16 L1 PROTEIN WITH A PHAGE DISPLAY EPITOPE LIBRARY

Theinfectionofhumanpapillomavirus(HPV)isakindofcommonsexuallytransmitteddiseases.Thehigh-riskgroupHPV,especiallyHPV16iscolselyassociatedwithhumancervicalcancer,anditwasindicatedasaninitiationfactorofcervicalcancertl].HPV16FIgenelocatedinlateopenreadingframesoftheviralgenomeencodesthemajorcoatprotein,LIprotein,whichcouldassembleintoviruslikeparticles(VLP)aloneintheinfectiousnucleit23.AbatchofevidencesshowedthattheLIproteincouldinduceantibodieswithhightiterinthehostandtheantibodiesmightp…     

构建及鉴定携带角蛋白启动子和人乳头瘤病毒16E6/E7基因的重组腺病毒

目的利用AdEasy系统构建携带人角蛋白启动子的人乳头瘤病毒-16(HPV-16)E6/E7基因重组腺病毒,并通过RT-PCR方法检测E6/E7基因的表达。方法应用PCR方法从含有HPV-16全基因序列的质粒上扩增E6/E7基因,构建pCDNA3.1(-)-K14-E6/E7-polA载体,扩增、酶切获得K14-E6/E7-polA片段插入腺病毒穿梭载体质粒pAdTrack上,构建重组穿梭载体pAdTrack-K14-E6/E7-polA,线性化后与骨架载体AdEasy-1在细菌BJ5183内同源重组得到腺病毒质粒pAd-K14-E6/E7-polA,经人胚肾293细胞包装后得到重组腺病毒pAd-K14-E6/E7-polA。氢化铯(CsCl)梯度离心纯化病毒,提取病毒再感染后的293细胞总RNA,通过RT-PCR方法检测E6/E7基因的表达。结果通过同源重组的方法构建了腺病毒pAd-K14-E6/E7-polA载体,经酶切和测序鉴定该质粒构建成功。293细胞包装3d后观察到绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)表达,CsCl梯度离心纯化最终获得7.2×1010pfu/mL滴度的重组病毒;用该滴度病毒重新感染293细胞3d后,提取细胞总RNA,RT-PCR检测E6/E7有表达。结论利用新型腺病毒载体AdEasy系统可在短期内制备同时表达GFP和E6/E7的重组腺病毒pAd-K14-E6/E7-polA。这将为进一步研究HPV-16E6/E7基因功能及利用基因治疗女性宫颈癌奠定了基础。     

THE DETECTION OF HPV16E6，E7 GENES IN TISSUES AND THEIR ANTIBODIES IN THE SERA OF PATIENTS WITH CERVICAL CARCINOMA

ＴＨＥＤＥＴＥＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＨＰＶ１６Ｅ６，Ｅ７ＧＥＮＥＳＩＮＴＩＳＳＵＥＳ　ＡＮＤＴＨＥＩＲ　ＡＮＴＩＢＯＤＩＥＳＩＮＴＨＥＳＥＲＡＯＦＰＡＴＩＥＮＴＳＷＩＴＨ　ＣＥＲＶＩＣＡＬＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＭＡＬｉｕＴｉａｎｊｕ；ＬｉｕＨｕａ；，ＳｕｎＹｉ；，Ｓ...     

女性外阴病变及其与HPV16/18、HPV6的相关性

目的研究外阴病变及其与HPV16/18、HPV6的关系。方法收集西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院手术治疗的44例女性外阴病变患者的临床病理资料,包括鳞癌11例,鳞状上皮内瘤变(VIN)10例,尖锐湿疣9例及白色病变14例。采用免疫组化SP方法检测HPV16/18E6蛋白、HPV6L1蛋白的表达。结果①4组外阴病变患者年龄中位数依次为:外阴鳞癌61岁、VIN 45.5岁、尖锐湿疣24岁、外阴白色病44岁,尖锐湿疣组中位年龄低于外阴鳞癌组及白色病变组(P<0.05),其余各组间中位年龄无统计学差异。②HPV16/18E6蛋白在外阴白色病变组、尖锐湿疣组、VIN组及外阴鳞癌组的阳性率分别为2/14、3/9、3/10、8/11,外阴鳞癌组高于白色病变组(P<0.05),其余各组间无统计学差异;HPV6L1蛋白在外阴白色病变组、尖锐湿疣组、VIN组、外阴鳞癌组的阳性率分别为1/14、8/9、4/10、3/11,尖锐湿疣组高于其他各外阴病变组(P<0.05),其余各组间比较差异无统计学意义。③HPV16/18E6蛋白、HPV6L1蛋白在早期外阴鳞癌的阳性率均高于中晚期(P<0.05);HPV16/18E6蛋白、HPV6L1蛋白表达均与外阴鳞癌的组织学分级、年龄分组、绝经情况、产次不相关(P>0.05);HPV16/18E6蛋白与HPV6L1蛋白在外阴鳞癌中的表达不相关(P>0.05)。结论外阴病变的发病与年龄及HPV16/18、HPV6感染有关;外阴鳞癌中HPV16/18、HPV6的感染率与FIGO分期有关,HPV16/18感染率与HPV6的感染率无关。     

子宫颈癌患者HPV16 E6,E7血清抗体检测

通过基因工程技术制备HPV16 E6,E7抗原,用免疫酶联吸附法检测了44例子宫颈癌病人和20例健康献血员血清HPV16 E6,E7抗体。结果表明,健康人血清HPV16 E6和HPV16 E7抗体阳性者分别占35％(7/20)和20％(4/20)。病人血清中,HPV16 E6抗体阳性率68.18％(30/44),但其反应滴度均值与健康人无显著差异。HPV16 E7抗体阳性率为58.18％(25/44),其阳性率及反应滴度均明显高于健康人。这提示,HPV16 E6抗体可能并非HPV16的型特异性抗体,而HPV16 E7抗体则有可能成为子宫颈癌发生的预报信号。     

人乳头瘤病毒16型(湖北株)E7蛋白在NIH/3T3细胞中的表达和定位

目的　将带有人乳头瘤病毒 1 6型 (湖北株 )E7基因的真核表达载体 pL(E7 HB)SN导入NIH/3T3细胞进行瞬时表达。方法　重组质粒转染 3T3细胞通过DNA 磷酸钙共沉淀法 ;E7基因表达的检测采用RT PCR和间接免疫荧光实验。结果　E7基因导入真核细胞后能有效转录并表达E7蛋白 ,通过免疫荧光染色可看到E7蛋白主要定位在胞浆中 ,细胞核中也有 ,但量较少。结论　这可能和湖北株HPV1 6E7基因发生突变有关。     

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 16 L1 PROTEIN CAN BE EXPRESSED IN LIVE ATTENUATED SHIGELLA FLEXNERI 5A STRAIN SH42

Cervicalcanceristhesecondmostcommon canceramongwomenworldwide,anditaccountfor thehighestmortalityindevelopingcountries.There areabout600000newcasesdiagnosedanditcauses aboutaquartermillionwomendeathperyear[1]. Highrisktypehumanpapillomavirusinfection (suc…