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甩挂运输是提高道路货运和物流效率的重要手段,它能够实现经济效益和社会效益的双赢,其早已成为欧美和日本等发达国家和地区的主流运输方式,但是,在我国由于起步较晚,受经济、制度等因素的影响和制约,甩挂运输发展较隧.连推广工作都困难重重。 相似文献
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当前,运力装备水平和组织管理形式与高等级公路里程发展不相适应,企业成本和组织模式仍是甩挂运输发展的重要"瓶颈"。在美国、加拿大、西欧等发达的国家,甩挂运输方式占社会运输总量的70%~80%,最高时速达120公里;在新加坡、韩国、巴西等发展中国家,也得到很广泛的应用。如澳大利亚,一车三挂屡见不鲜,列车总长达30~40米,核载质量达70~80吨。而在我国当前的物流大环境下,甩挂运输还难以全面推广,有必要、有条件开展甩挂运输的企业多之又多,真正取得成效的企业却寥若晨星,整体运输效能与欧美等发达国家之间存在着差距。 相似文献
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铁路散粮运输是粮食运输发展的必然趋势 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
<正> 一、我国铁路散粮运输的现状粮食运输是粮食商品借助运输工具,实现其空间位置移动的过程,它是随着社会生产力的不断发展而产生和发展的。随着我国交通事业的发展,我国粮食运输已形成了铁路、水路、公路等多种运输方式并存的运输网,为我国的社会主义经济建设和发展做出了积极的贡献。铁路运输是我国粮食运输的主要方式。铁路散粮运输是相对于铁路包粮运输而言的。我国现行的成品粮运输为了快捷、方便地进入市场,满足经营者和消费者的需要,全部实行包装运输。但成品粮的运输占全国粮食运输的比例很小,大量的粮食运输是大品种的原粮。由于受 相似文献
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欧美等西方国家随着经济实力的迅速增强,私人小汽车大幅度增加,环境污染加剧,大城市交通拥挤状况恶化。许多国家的运输经济学家与政府都认识到限制私人小汽车盲目增长的必要性和发展公共交通的重要性。 相似文献
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<正> 改革开放以来,我国各种运输方式客运总量 增长了近4倍,平均年递增速度达9%以上,基本与经济发展同步增长;尤其是进入90年代之后,旅客运输增长速度超过了货物运输,成为交通运输业在新时期的发展热点。因此,需要认真分析新世纪我国城乡旅客运输发展趋势,研究发展对策,促进我国旅客运输持续、快速、健康地发展。 一、我国旅客运输发展历史回顾 在建国近50年的历程中,我国旅客运输发展大致可分为三个阶段: 第一阶段为1949~1965年,这一时期我国旅客运输基本呈正常快速发展阶段,除了受3 相似文献
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<正>甩挂运输正成为国内越来越普遍的运输方式。但如何进一步降低成本,由购改租,实现甩挂运输效率的最大化?公共挂车租赁业务的出现满足了这一需求。甩挂运输因其具有更高的运输效率,而备受运输企业推崇。在欧美,甚至亚洲的新加坡、韩国等国家,甩挂运输的货物已占到货物总流转量的70-80%。近年来,国内公路货运市场甩挂 相似文献
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开展水土流失监测是水土保持监管的重要手段。文章以广西沿海高速公路改扩建工程一期工程水土保持监测实践为例,分析了工程建设水土流失特点,介绍了水土保持监测技术和方法,并通过对工程实例监测结果的分析评价,提出了水土保持监测工作中易出现的问题及相应的解决方案。 相似文献
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Caspar G. Chorus 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2012,46(7):1003-1012
This paper studies to what extent the Logsum-measure of user benefits relates to travelers’ perceptions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction. Knowing these relations is important since researchers have recently started to analyze and interpret user benefits in general – and Logsums in specific – in terms of these more behaviorally oriented notions, rather than in terms of expected utility. Participants to a stated route choice experiment were asked to indicate, after each choice made, to what extent they considered the choice set to be desirable, or to what extent they were satisfied with the chosen alternative. These measurements were correlated with Logsums that were computed for each choice situation. In addition, the paper derives a regret-based Logsum (which gives the expected regret of a choice situation) and presents a comparison with its utilitarian counterpart. Also for this regret-based Logsum, correlations with desirability- and satisfaction-ratings are computed. As a general finding, it appears that all computed correlations are rather weak. This suggests that, at least in the context of our data, the utility-based Logsum and its regret-based counterpart appear to have only a fairly weak connection with the behavioral notions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction. 相似文献
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通过研究汽车与船舶的油耗特点,结合燃油种类与CO_2排放量的关系,建立了计算公路运输与水路运输单位耗油量与单位CO_2排放量的数学模型。通过敏感性分析,研究车速或航速与载货率对车辆或船舶单位CO_2排放量的影响。以从厦门港到盐田港的干散货运输为例,做了节能减排计算分析,并将结果与用其他方法获得的结果对比。在此基础上,对公路运输与水路运输节能减排做了敏感性分析研究,可以计算出能够体现水路运输节能减排优势的临界货运量。结果表明本文中介绍的方法能够为核算、比较公路运输与水路运输的节能减排效果提供更科学的量化参考。 相似文献
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Recent years have shown a rising popularity of the concept of resilience—both theoretically and empirically—in complex systems analysis. There is also a rising literature on resilience in the transport and spatial-economic field. The pluriform interpretation of resilience (e.g., engineering vs. ecological resilience) is related to methodological differences (e.g., stability in dynamics vs. evolutionary adaptivity). But in all cases the fundamental question is whether a complex system that is subjected to an external shock is able to recover, and if so, to which extent. The present paper [Based on presentation from cluster 6 (Accessibility) of the Nectar 2015 conference in Ann Arbour, USA.] aims to add a new dimension to resilience analysis in spatial systems, by addressing in particular the relationship between spatial accessibility at a municipality level and the resilience outcomes of the spatial system concerned. It does so by investigating to which extent accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities has mitigated the local shock absorption from the recent economic recession. In our study the shock absorption capacity of municipal accessibility is estimated by analysing the relevant resilience indicators for the period concerned. In this context, conventional resilience indicators based on either multivariate complex data (in particular, the Foster Resilience Capacity Index) or employment data (in particular, the Martin Resilience-Employment Index) are confronted with spatial connectivity data based on local accessibility measures, so that geographical mobility may be regarded as one of the shock-mitigating factors. The empirical analysis is carried out for two countries which have both proven to be rather shock-resistant during the recent economic crisis, viz. Sweden and The Netherlands. Clearly, the geographical structure of these countries forms a sharp mutual contrast, viz. a spatially dispersed economy with a few distinct urban concentrations versus a spatially dense economy with one major metropolitan centre (the Randstad), respectively. Our experiments are carried out for the 290 municipalities in Sweden and 40 COROPs in The Netherlands. Our research findings show relevant and new insights into differences in the local recovery potential in Sweden and The Netherlands. 相似文献
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隧道及地下工程结构防排水技术的发展和应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
文章总结了大瑶山隧道修建以来其复合式衬砌结构防排水试验研究和应用情况,介绍了塑料防水隔离层的防水机理及各种防水型式的优缺点,提出了改进建议. 相似文献