Real-time vision-based blind spot warning system: Experiments with motorcycles in daytime/nighttime conditions

This paper describes a real-time vision-based blind spot warning system that has been specially designed for motorcycles detection in both daytime and nighttime conditions. Motorcycles are fast moving and small vehicles that frequently remain unseen to other drivers, mainly in the blind-spot area. In fact, although in recent years the number of fatal accidents has decreased overall, motorcycle accidents have increased by 20%. The risks are primarily linked to the inner characteristics of this mode of travel: motorcycles are fast moving vehicles, light, unstable and fragile. These features make the motorcycle detection problem a difficult but challenging task to be solved from the computer vision point of view. In this paper we present a daytime and nighttime vision-based motorcycle and car detection system in the blind spot area using a single camera installed on the side mirror. On the one hand, daytime vehicle detection is carried out using optical flow features and Support Vector Machine-based (SVM) classification. On the other hand, nighttime vehicle detection is based on head lights detection. The proposed system warns the driver about the presence of vehicles in the blind area, including information about the position and the type of vehicle. Extensive experiments have been carried out in 172 minutes of sequences recorded in real traffic scenarios in both daytime and nighttime conditions, in the context of the Valencia MotoGP Grand Prix 2009.     

Traffic conflict assessment for non-lane-based movements of motorcycles under congested conditions

Traffic conflict under congested conditions is one of the main safety issues of motorcycle traffic in developing countries. Unlike cars, motorcycles often display non-lane-based movements such as swerving or oblique following of a lead vehicle when traffic becomes congested. Very few studies have quantitatively evaluated the effects of such non-lane-based movements on traffic conflict. Therefore, in this study we aim to develop an integrated model to assess the traffic conflict of motorcycles under congested conditions. The proposed model includes a concept of safety space to describe the non-lane-based movements unique to motorcycles, new features developed for traffic conflict assessment such as parameters of acceleration and deceleration, and the conditions for choosing a lead vehicle. Calibration data were extracted from video clips taken at two road segments in Ho Chi Minh City. A simulation based on the model was developed to verify the dynamic non-lane-based movements of motorcycles. Subsequently, the assessment of traffic conflict was validated by calculating the probability of sudden braking at each time interval according to the change in the density of motorcycle flow. Our findings underscore the fact that higher flow density may lead to conflicts associated with a greater probability of sudden breaking. Three types of motorcycle traffic conflicts were confirmed, and the proportions of each type were calculated and discussed.     

Exclusive motorcycle lanes: A systematic review

Road accidents are the main leading cause of death, and more than half of people killed in road accidents are motorcyclists, pedestrians, and bicyclists. In developing countries, the share of motorcycles is very high in the traffic stream, which results in an increased number of accidents. Nonetheless, a high share of motorcycles and risky riding behavior of motorcyclists raise notable threats to other road users as well as themselves. Segregating motorcycles from the main traffic stream by providing an Exclusive MotorCycle Lane (EMCL) is reported as one of the strategies to improve motorcyclist's safety and overall road safety. Although EMCLs are successfully running in some Asian countries like Malaysia, Taiwan, and Indonesia, and have reported reducing motorcycle accidents, existing literature related to such lanes is limited and lacks combined contemplation of various design factors. Therefore, a systematic review of studies related to EMCL was carried out in the present paper using the PRISMA approach. The review was majorly divided into the following three categories viz., geometric design elements of EMCL, motorcyclist's flow characteristics on EMCL, and traffic control measures for EMCL to highlight the research lacunas in this field. The present study aims to cast light on the need for specific geometric design standards for EMCL and to assess the safety impact of segregating motorcyclists from other mixed traffic. The review highlights that the design standards for EMCL should be based on the motorcycle's characteristics, as it varies from other vehicle categories in terms of riding behavior and the physical properties of the motorcycle.     

基于GPS和GPRS的摩托车道路试验监控系统研究

基于GPS和GPRS技术实现的摩托车道路试验监控系统,综合运用了地理信息系统、网络技术及多媒体技术等,可用来指导驾驶员按照一定要求开展试验,同时采集试验中摩托车的各种状态参数,对试验进行调度和监控,具有传输距离长、传输速度快等优点,不受试验场地限制,经试验验证,系统稳定可靠,可以满足摩托车道路试验需求。     

基于驾驶员视觉的车辆跟驰建模与仿真

着重从驾驶员心理-生理(AP)跟车模型的角度出发,根据AP模型的不足,提出了驾驶员视觉范围变化对车辆跟车模型的影响,建立跟车模型,并用仿真的方法分析其稳定性,提出了跟车系统稳定性的参数数值范围,以期正确地提出驾驶员的跟车行为。     

基于自然驾驶数据的跨江大桥小客车跟驰特性研究

为明确跨江大桥的跟驰行为特征以及驾驶模式,在重庆菜园坝大桥展开了30位被试的小客车实车驾驶试验,使用华测航姿测量系统和前视碰撞预警系统Mobileye 630采集自然驾驶状态下汽车的连续行驶速度、车头时距和车头间距等数据。通过筛选得到了725条有效跟驰轨迹数据,对比分析发现跨江大桥与城市一般道路的跟驰行为存在一定差异性,明确了菜园坝大桥车头时距和车头间距的分布特征,并且对强跟驰(小于1.6 s)、过渡区间(1.6~2.6 s之间)以及弱跟驰(大于2.6 s)3种跟驰状态和驾驶人性别差异下的跟驰数据进行了分析。结果表明:桥梁段车头时距分布集中在1.6 s处,车头间距分布集中在18 m处;超过1/3的跟驰轨迹处于强跟驰状态,此状态下前车驾驶行为对跟驰车辆具有较强制约性;当车辆处于弱跟驰状态时,前车对于后车的约束性会随车头时距的增大而快速降低;过渡区间的设立更好地揭示了强/弱跟驰状态之间的转变并不是只有一个临界值,而是存在一个转换过程,并且其间车辆跟驰特性的变化与驾驶人本身的操作行为存在较大关联;驾驶人的性别差异对跟驰距离几乎没有影响,但男性驾驶人往往会采取更加冒险的驾驶行为,平均车头时距、车头间距以及相对速度均高于女性驾驶人。     

摩托车自动驾驶仪的开发与应用

为适应国Ⅲ标准中对摩托车进行排放耐久试验的需要,结合国内车辆和使用实际情况,开发了能够自动操纵摩托车的自动驾驶仪。自动驾驶仪采用＂类驾驶员＂一体化结构,着力点、施力方式等可完全按照人的习惯进行设计,执行器的拟人化特点更为突出,执行器与车辆的匹配和配合非常合理,试验人员调整执行器更易于理解。     

电动摩托车续驶里程试验方法研究

续驶里程试验方法高效、合理,可以用较低的试验成本得到较理想的可信度结果,试验仅需一段1500m的试验道路、几百元一台的GPS测速仪和几只标杆,非常方便电动车企业（特别是还没有装备底盘测功机的企业）自行组织试验,以获得第一手试验数据。     

应用于国Ⅲ摩托车的富钯涂层配方的研究

通过对不同催化作用涂层的对比，特别是针对小型摩托车活性、耐久性和贵金属成本的应用设计，提出以钯为主要或单一活性贵金属化合物涂料的研究数据，这些数据是通过使用合成气体反应器，对涂敷后的催化剂进行模拟发动机废气测试得到的。通过试验表明，较低成本的富钯催化涂料可用于小型摩托车的有效减排。此外，在110mL缸头补气与125mL中间补气摩托车上，按照摩托车欧Ⅲ和国Ⅲ排放法规运行ECER40冷起动循环，对不同配方催化剂的活性进行了测试，这些结果将与合成气体反应器测试结果相关联。     

基于物联网技术多功能行车记录仪应用研究

目前电动摩托车在使用时缺少安全记录仪,这就导致一旦电动摩托车出现意外情况很难对责任进行判定,并且一旦出现电动摩托车被偷盗的情况,也很难对电动摩托车进行追回,不利于电动摩托车的使用,这是现有技术电动摩托车使用的不足之处.基于以上的原因,本设计一款基于物联网技术的多功能行车记录仪,可以解决现有高速电动摩托车多功能联网安全记...     

Empirical analysis of hazard perception and driving behaviors among high school and college students on motorcycles in Phnom Penh,Cambodia

In Cambodia, motorcycle use has spread rapidly in recent years, and serious accidents involving motorcycles have increased. Motorcycle accidents involving young people are particularly common, and there are various issues concerning traffic safety. To understand the situation in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, we conducted a questionnaire survey on driving attitude and behavior of motorcycle users targeted at high school and college students and a video observation survey of motorcycle driving conditions. Based on the survey analysis results, we held a traffic safety workshop (WS) comprising practical skills and classroom learning centered on hazard anticipation. In this study, we conducted a statistical comparative analysis of driving behavior frequency on non-intersection intervals of arterial roads before and after the WS, based on observational results from video cameras mounted on motorcycles. The results showed that the WS effects were associated with a reduction in average travel speeds and changes in driving behavior, such as frequency of lane changing. Different responses to the WS were observed according to attributes, and thus, the relationship between the content of this kind of traffic safety WS and behavioral changes needs to be clarified and a more advanced traffic safety WS program developed.     

戋谈非道路摩托车检测过程中的一些问题

在对非道路摩托车的实际检测中,整车产品质量存在如车架机械强度不够、车辆可靠耐久性不够、最高车速与实际车速不匹配、前后轮制动力不符合要求、排放超标、整车装配及轮辋偏差超标等问题,从中可以看出目前的非道路摩托车产品质量有待进一步提高,各企业唯有从车辆的设计、材料、工艺、装配和性能上全面改进产品,才能使非道路车产业得以长足发展。     

Modelling and controlling of car-following behavior in real traffic flow using ARMAX identification and Model Predictive Control

Nowadays, car following models, as the most popular microscopic traffic flow modeling, are increasingly being used by transportation experts to evaluate new Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) applications. The control of car following is essential due to its safety and its operational efficiency. For this purpose, this paper builds a model of car following behavior based on ARMAX structure from a real traffic data set and presents a Model Predictive Control (MPC) controller. An important advantage of this type of control is its ability to cope with constraints on controls. Since safety and operational efficiency are constraints for car following, therefore we have recruited this type of controller in this study to deal with these constraints. Based on the relative distance and relative acceleration of each instant, the MPC predicts the future behavior of the leader vehicle (LV) and according to this behavior, the acceleration of the follower vehicle (FV) is controlled. The MPC tries to control this acceleration in a way to keep the relative distance at a safe region. To investigate the performance of the designed controller, the result of the system is compared with the behavior of human drivers with similar initial conditions. Also, some other test performances were accomplished to investigate other features such as robustness and the stability of the designed MPC. The simulation results show that the MPC controller has a behavior much safer than that of real drivers and it can provide a pleasant trip for passengers.     

论电动摩托车标准对摩托车行业的影响（1）

国家标准管理委员会发布的2009年第8号（总第148号）公告中发布了4项与电动摩托车有关的国家标准,这4项标准从2010年1月1日开始实行。该标准的出台发展和规范了电动摩托车的标准体系,为电动摩托车行业的进一步发展提供了技术支持,本文结合电动车行业和摩托车行业现状及未来技术发展趋势,分析了该标准对摩托车行业的影响。     

摩托车碰撞模型的研究性评估和分析——ISO 13232标准应用研究

随着ISO13232-2005摩托车碰撞系列标准的发布，为评估摩托车产品影响人身和车辆安全考核提供了重要的参考依据。该标准不仅提高了摩托车产品对骑乘人员防护水平的认知，也促进了摩托车产品安全技术的不断提升。本文仅从摩托车碰撞实体模型建立方面，参考ISO13232-2005标准中碰撞试验模型及国际上部分关于摩托车公开碰撞的资料，结合实际检验工作需要，设定了可行性二轮摩托车碰撞模型。     

土耳其摩托车市场和准入管理制度（1）

土耳其的摩托车市场在近几年发展比较迅猛,目前,土耳其全国的摩托车保有量达到250万辆,每千人拥有30辆摩托车。土耳其由于在地理上靠近欧洲,因此在车辆产品的管理和技术法规方面受欧洲影响很大,与国际惯例相符合的程度也很高。土耳其负责车辆产品市场准入管理的政府主管和批准机关为土耳其工业与贸易部,该机关负责整车产品和零部件的型式批准。     

摩托车转向轮转角及前后轮中心平面偏差测试台（1）

摩托车、轻便摩托车在行驶过程中,应符合国标GB 7258—2004中规定的＂摩托车和轻便摩托车转向轮转角及前后轮中心平面偏差＂的要求,当摩托车转向轮转角低于国家标准要求时,转弯时可能会导致转弯失准;当摩托车转向轮转角大于国家标准要求时,转弯时可能会导致失重脱轨甚至翻车。摩托车转向轮转角及前后轮中心平面偏差测试台能准确地对摩托车转向轮转角、前后轮中心平面偏差进行测量,消除安全隐患,保证车辆安全,使其符合标准要求。     

摩托车疲劳耐久台架试验与寿命预测研究

疲劳耐久性是直接影响摩托车行驶安全的重要性能,摩托车生产企业非常有必要针对每款新车开展疲劳耐久性试验。以某款摩托车为例,进行路谱采集和疲劳耐久试验,采集车架上某关键部位的应变监测信号,探索采用S-N曲线和Miner线性累积损伤理论对车架寿命进行预测。通过试验表明,台架耐久试验相比道路耐久试验更高效、更安全,为摩托车的疲劳耐久试验和车架的优化设计提供了参考依据。     

我国摩托车新燃油消耗标准及节能技术研究

为了促进我国摩托车节能技术的应用与开发,不断增强我国摩托车产品的国际竞争力,我国已经发布了2项新的摩托车和轻便摩托车燃油消耗限值标准。因此,如何加大节能技术的研究与开发,已成为我国摩托车行业发展的一个新课题。     

浅谈电动摩托车生产设计注意事项

随着电动摩托车标准的发布，一些传统摩托车企业都针对电动摩托车进行研发投资，希望可以获得生产准入，在电动摩托车市场上有所作为。但有些企业在设计过程中也暴露出一些问题，有些直接将摩托车配件改造成电动摩托车，有些对标准不够了解，做出来的样车产品质量无法满足标准要求。