车载GPR检测运营地铁隧道的试验研究

车载探地雷达技术(GPR)是隧道及地下工程结构健康安全评估领域的一项快速无损检测技术,其改变了传统手持探地雷达天线与隧道壁紧贴的测量方式,采用了空气耦合天线非接触远距离检测方式。文章分析了该技术应用于地铁隧道健康检查的车载检测条件及工作原理,给出了其在地铁隧道的试验效果,探讨了车载GPR技术检测地铁隧道的可行性。试验结果表明:该技术在车辆限界以内能够以地铁列车正常运行速度快速检测地铁隧道,可为运营地铁的维修管理和安全检查提供一种新的手段。     

探地雷达在公路隧道检测中的应用

探地雷达是利用高频电磁波在地下介质中传播规律进行勘察和检测的一种现代技术,广泛应用于浅层及超浅层检测中.以探地雷达在吉罗公路隧道无损检测中的应用为基础,简述其工作方法原理,说明该方法的应用及效果.     

GPR无损检测在隧道仰拱中的应用探讨

在概述GPR探地雷达无损检测技术优势及应用历程的基础上,以某病害隧道工程为例,对400MHz天线探地雷达在该病害隧道仰拱密实度、内部缺陷规模大小等方面的检测应用进行分析探讨,无损检测结果和同时进行的钻孔验证结果完全吻合.结果表明,GPR探地雷达无损检测技术检测过程快速简便、直观高效、抗干扰性强、分辨率高、可实现对待检测对向的实时连续检测,在隧道仰拱、初支、衬砌等混凝土结构检测中具有推广应用价值.     

红外探水技术在岩溶隧道施工中的应用

以大广南高速公路长乐山隧道工程为例,阐述了红外探水技术的基本原理、特点和操作方法,以及HY-303红外探水仪在工程中的应用实践,并分析了几种干扰场影响下红外探水预报的处理方法.研究结果表明:红外探水技术针对岩溶隧道含水体的预报是十分准确的,值得在岩溶隧道施工地质预报中选用.     

探地雷达技术在隧道围岩深层病害检测中的应用

探地雷达作为一种先进而实用的无损检测技术,在许多工程领域得到了广泛应用。文章根据探地雷达的工作原理,提出将探地雷达应用于隧道围岩深层病害的检测。检测结果表明,在围岩深层病害检测中,采用探地雷达技术能够准确确定围岩深层病害的特征及其分布情况,克服了常规检测方法的局限性,并具有无损、直观、快速、高精度等特点。     

探地雷达技术在隧道衬砌质量检测中的应用

探地雷达作为一种较新型的无损检测设备。因其快速、高效、无损、分辨率高等优点迅速在各个工程行业得到推广。鉴于此,在阐述探地雷达工作原理的基础上,介绍了探地雷达检测工作方法、参数设置及一般数据处理,并结合工程实践说明其在隧道衬砌检测中的实际应用效果。     

隧道衬砌质量的检测

文章介绍了用探地雷达检测60余座隧道衬砌及坍方等的工作及原理,以及无损电测喷射混凝土厚度的方法,并讨论了检测衬砌强度的技术.     

探地雷达在隧道初期支护工程质量检测中的应用

文章结合王子店隧道工程施工情况,介绍了探地雷达在初期支护工程质量检测中的应用原理、方法及效果,可供类似工程参考.     

红外探水技术在隧道超前地质预报中的应用

超前地质预报是隧道施工中尤为重要的环节。文章阐述了红外探水技术的特点、使用条件、基本原理、探测方法和影响因素,并结合工程实例介绍了红外探水技术的具体应用方法与效果,指出红外探水技术便捷、无损、准确、可靠,值得广泛运用于隧道超前地质预报中。     

上海延安东路隧道壁后注浆探地雷达检测及结果分析

管片壁后注浆是盾构法隧道施工中必不可少的重要环节之一。在实际工程中,一直存在着壁后注浆的实际效果难以控制等技术难题。结合上海延安东路隧道修复工程,采用探地雷达这一无损探测技术对北线盾构段进行管片壁后注浆的厚度进行探测,客观地判别并展示管片壁后注浆层的空间分布。最后总结探地雷达在管片壁后注浆检测中的规律及应用。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.