Active approach for tamper detection with robustness to lossy compression

Active tamper detection using watermarking technique can localize the tampered area and recover the lost information. In this paper, we propose an approach that the watermark is robust to legitimate lossy compression, fragile to malicious tampering and capable of recovery. We embed the watermark bits in the direct current value of energy concentration transform domain coefficients. Let the original watermark bits be content dependent and apply error correction coding to them before embedded to the image. While indicating the tampered area, the extracted bits from a suspicious image can be further decoded and then used to roughly recover the corresponding area. We also theoretically study the image quality and bit error rate. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

A rate-distortion based quantization level adjustment algorithm in block-based video compression

In this paper, a rate-distortion based quantization level adjustment (RDQLA) algorithm is presented. Based on the rate-distortion criterion, the quantization level adjustment algorithm effectively improves coding efficiency by adaptively optimizing quantization levels of the signals near the boundaries of quantization cells and adjusting quantization levels per block. In addition, it has no overhead and is fully compatible with the existing compression standards. The proposed algorithm can be applied in any block based image and video coding method. In particular, the algorithm has been verified on the platform of H.264. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves objective and subjective performances substantially. It is shown that the proposed algorithm has a gain of several dB comparing with the newest H.264 standard for high bit rates. Foundation item: the Special Foundation of Outstanding Young Teacher of Shanghai     

图像压缩中的多级感兴趣区域编码方法

为了解决压缩图像质量与容积的矛盾,尤其当需要对图像采用大压缩比的情况下,使得压缩图像的视觉效果更好,提出了一种多级感兴趣区域编码方法.该方法首先对所要压缩的图像进行重要性划分,然后通过对划分的不同区域采用不同的压缩比,满足了人们对不同区域的不同压缩质量要求,得到了令人满意的图像压缩质量.     

提升高精度图像弱目标视觉质量的高效压缩算法

为了实现对高精度图像进行高效压缩,同时确保重建图像的弱目标区域有较好的保真效果,提出了一种提升弱目标区域质量的基于误差优化编码的高精度图像压缩算法. 首先,使用JPEG-LS （joint photographic experts group lossless）压缩算法对图像数据进行压缩,在游程编码过程中自适应地选择需要二次编码的误差数据,并完成了基于视觉质量的非均匀量化;其次,对量化值进行数据分解,去除量化值之间的相关性,并对分解后的数据进行MQ算术编码的熵编码;图像重建时根据量化间隔重建反量化值,并设计了反量化优化和滤波优化过程;最后,将本文算法与JPEG-LS、JPEG2000 （joint photographic experts group 2000）算法进行了性能比较,结果表明:本算法能够实现高精度图像数据的高效压缩,且复杂度低,易于硬件实现,虽然引入了误差数据二次优化编码等过程,但增加编码的数据量较小,故与JPEG-LS算法的压缩速度相当,然而比JPEG2000算法的压缩速度提升4.47倍;同时有效减少了常规算法造成的信息损失,重建图像的峰值信噪比与JPEG-LS、JPEG2000相当或略低,但弱目标区域的视觉质量及保真效果更好.      

An improved frame-layer bit allocation scheme for H.264/AVC rate control

In this paper, we aim at improving the video quality degradation due to high motions or scene changes. An improved frame-layer bit allocation scheme for H.264/AVC rate control is proposed. First, current frame is pre-encoded in 16×16 modes with a fixed quantization parameter (QP). The frame coding complexity is then measured based on the resulting bits and peak signal-to-ratio (PSNR) in the pre-coding stage. Finally, a bit budgetis calculated for current frame according to its coding complexity and inter-frame PSNR fluctuation, combined with the buffer status. Simulation results show that, in comparison with the H.264 adopted rate control scheme, our method is more efficient to suppress the sharp PSNR drops caused by high motions and scene changes. The visual quality variations in a sequence are also relieved.     

无链表图像感兴趣区域编码算法

针对基于链表实现的感兴趣区域编码算法占用存储资源较多的问题,提出了一种无链表的编码算法.在SPIHT(等级树集合分裂)编码过程中,采用标志位图表示系数和集合的重要件信息;优先编码感兴趣区域,利用队列缓存非感兴趣区域系数和集合信息;编码非感兴趣区域时,从队列中恢复编码所需的重要件信息.编码过程不需要提升感兴趣区域小波系数,能实现感兴趣区域重建质量的精确控制.仿真实验表明,该算法优于提升小波系数的感兴趣区域编码算法;当编码码率为1 bpp(比特/像素)时,其存储需求仅为链表实现的感兴趣区域分离编码算法的1/10.     

Development of a wireless capsule endoscope system based on field programmable gate array

A new modular and programmable wireless capsule endoscope is presented in this paper. The capsule system consumes low power and has small physical size. A new image compression algorithm is presented in this paper to reduce power consumption and silicon area. The compression algorithm includes color space transform, uniform quantization, sub-sampling, differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) and Golomb-Rice code. The algorithm is tested in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) development board, and the final result achieves 80% compression rate at 40 dB peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). The algorithm has high image compression efficiency and low power consumption, compared to other existing works. The system is composed of the following three parts: image capsule endoscope, portable wireless receiver and host computer software. The software and hardware design of the three parts are disscussed in details.     

一种改进的图像压缩方法及其Matlab实现

介绍了JPEG图像压缩算法，并对含有噪声的数字图像去除相关性差的问题，提出了先滤波再进行JPEG压缩的方法。在Matlab数学分析工具环境下仿真了该算法。实验结果表明，在图像客观保真度优于经典JPEG压缩方法的情况下，也能减小平均码长。同时也体现了Matlab用来实现JPEG的图像编解码过程，具有方法简单、速度快和误差小的优点。     

A FRACTAL INTERPOLATION SPEECH CODING ALGORITHM

ＡＦＲＡＣＴＡＬＩＮＴＥＲＰＯＬＡＴＩＯＮＳＰＥＥＣＨＣＯＤＩＮＧＡＬＧＯＲＩＴＨＭ＊ＺｈｏｕＺｈｉｊｉｅ（周志杰）ＨｕＧｕａｎｇｒｕｉ（胡光锐）（Ｄｅｐｔ．ｏｆＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＪｉａｏｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖ．）...     

JPEG2000静态数字图像压缩标准下的数字水印分析

以JPEG2000静态数字图像压缩标准原理为基础，对影响JPEG2000压缩图像的参数如压缩率、tile大小、DWT以及JPEG2000压缩过程进行分析，然后通过对比已有的实验结果，分析了压缩参数对数字水印算法的影响．     

基于端到端失真优化的无线视频联合编码方案

在无线视频传输环境端到端失真分析的基础上,针对H.264视频流建立了一种新的端到端失真模型.在使用LDPC信道编码方式与该失真分析模型的基础上,提出了一种基于端到端失真优化的联合信源信道编码方案.该方案根据当前无线信道的信噪比与信道带宽等状态信息,自适应地调节信源编码量化参数和信道编码码率,使端到端失真最小.实验结果表明,与固定码率编码相比,本文提出的联合信源信道编码方案可在不增加带宽的情况下显著提高视频传输质量.     

Fast Mode Decision Method Based on Historical Information for H.264/AVC

Mode decision based on rate-distortion optimization algorithm brings high compression efficiency to H.264/AVC. However, heavy computation load is also added to the encoder at the same time. In order to reduce the computation burden of mode decision, this paper presented a fast mode decision method based on mode information of the previously coded frame. Moreover, all coding modes were activated when scene change occurs and a scheme to detect scene change was proposed. The simulation results show that compared to the original encoder, the proposed method achieves a reduction of over 38% encoding time and keeps almost the same PSNR and bitrate for a wide range of quantization parameter.     

基于音频内容的DCT域脆弱水印算法

为了实现音频文件的完整性认证,提出了一种基于内容的脆弱水印算法.对于一维序列,改变其离散余弦变换(DCT)域交流系数不会改变该序列的幅值和.基于这一性质,在音频分帧后,再对每帧分组,计算每组采样点和的绝对值,相加后得到该帧的和,将其作为该帧音频的特征,量化后转换为二进制作为水印;然后,用量化索引调制方法,通过调整每组DCT域的低频系数嵌入水印.实验表明:该算法具有很好的不可感知性;得到的含水印音频的信噪比约为80 dB;算法对添加噪声、重量化、重采样、低通滤波、MP3压缩等操作具有很强的敏感性,并且能够确定替换等恶意篡改的位置.     

一种获取与优化模糊规则基的混合学习算法

提出了一种二层学习算法来优化模糊规则基。利用Ｔａｋａｇｉ－Ｓｕｇｅｎｏ模糊神经网络对一个模糊规则基进行参数学习,学习方法为梯度下降法,然后利用遗传算法对规则基进行结构调整,采用二进制编码方法,一条规则对应于一个基因位,一个规则基对应于一条染色体。这种二层优化方法能较好地减少模糊规则基的冗余度,化简模糊规则基。仿真实验也证实了这一点。     

改进的Sliding Window在线船舶AIS轨迹数据压缩算法

分析了船舶AIS数据的时间序列特征与船舶操纵特性, 提出了改进的Sliding Window在线压缩算法; 计算了277艘船舶总计1 026 408个坐标点的AIS轨迹数据, 确定了合适的压缩阈值, 分析了距离阈值与角度阈值对算法压缩率的敏感程度; 根据压缩率图像的阶跃点, 推荐了高、中、低3个档位的距离阈值和1个角度阈值, 对比了Douglas-Peucker算法和改进Sliding Window算法的压缩率与压缩效率。试验结果表明: 随着压缩率的提高, 压缩后所剩下的点越来越少, 数据所保留下来的有用信息也越来越少; 压缩率与距离阈值、角度阈值均呈正比; 经量纲为1化处理的高、中、低档位压缩距离阈值分别为43%、38%、33%船长; 距离阈值为130m时, 角度阈值超过9°后压缩率平稳, 所以推荐角度阈值为9°, 与《海港总体设计规范》 (JTS 165—2013) 中风流压差角8°相接近; 随着距离阈值的增大, Douglas-Peucker算法和改进Sliding Window算法压缩率趋于相近, 当距离阈值为120 m时, Douglas-Peucker算法压缩率仅比改进Sliding Window算法高1.74%;在5种距离阈值的情况下, Douglas-Peucker算法运行所用的平均时间是改进Sliding Window算法的5.39倍; 随着数据量的增大, 2种算法压缩效率的差距更加明显。可见, 改进的Sliding Window算法能在降低压缩风险的同时大幅提高压缩效率, 可以在数据持续更新的状态下一直保持压缩状态, 与普通压缩模式相比, 系统所占用的资源更少, 处理效率更高, 可用于船舶轨迹数据处理、电子海图显示与对船舶关键行为特征提取等方面。      

H.264/AVC快速帧间编码算法

基于率失真优化的H.264/AVC帧间宏块编码模式,需要对10种模式进行率失真优化计算才能得到一个宏块的最优编码模式,这种宏块的最优编码模式是以巨大计算复杂度为代价的.为了降低计算复杂度,在实验统计了各种宏块编码模式在不同QCIF视频序列中所占的比例及分析各种编码模式的适用性情况下,提出了一种快速帧间编码算法,它采用优先判断SKIP模式和图像纹理相结合的方法,在基于H.264/AVC测试模型JM7.6上的仿真试验表明,所提出的快速算法,在基本保持图像质量和码率基本不变的情况下,可以有效提高编码速度.     

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交通图像处理系统需要存储或上传非正常交通状况的图像,而图像数据量大难以存储或上传,对此本文设计了一种基于FPGA的交通图像压缩系统.针对交通图像压缩的特点,采用算法复杂度相对较低的JPEG算法,并对算法进行并行化处理,使系统内各个模块并行运行,增强了系统的实时性;采用两个基于Loeffler快速算法的一维DCT变换(1D DCT)模块实现二维DCT变换（2D DCT）,并在对大量交通图像进行实验的基础上给出一套适合交通图像压缩同时适合FPGA处理的量化表,大大降低了系统对FPGA资源的占用.外场实验分析表明,系统工作稳定,压缩图像质量好,压缩比较高,实时性强,对分辨率为720×576的彩色图像具有30帧/s的处理能力,可以作为交通图像处理系统的重要组成模块.     

FAST IMAGE ENCODING ALGORITHM BASED ON MEAN-MATCH CORRELATION VECTOR QUANTIZATION

Introduction　　 Vector quantization (VQ) is an importanttechnique for image compression,and has beenproven to be simple and efficient[1,2 ] .Signal com-pression is achieved in VQ by using a codebookwith relatively few codevectors compared to thenumber of possible signal vectors. VQ can beviewed as a mapping from k- dimensional Euclideanspace Rk into a finite subset C of Rk.We call thisfinite set C the codebook and,moreover,C={ci|i= 1 ,2 ,… ,N},where ci is a codeword and N is thecodeboo…     

Pragmatic physical layer abstraction method based on bit-LLR-wise exponential effective SNR mapping for bit interleaved coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system

In this paper, we analyze the physical layer abstraction for bit interleaved coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （BIC-OFDM） system from a parallel bit channel perspective. By combining the exponential effective SNR （signal-to-noise ratio） mapping （EESM） with the maximum a posteriori （MAP） algorithm, a bit LLR （log-likelihood ratio） wise EESM （BL-EESM） method is proposed. This method can abstract the link performance with high accuracy, especially for the case when channel estimation is imperfect. Afterward, the BL-EESM method is simplified by utilizing the non-linear quantization idea, which can reduce the times of exponential operation by two orders of magnitude at wide system bandwidth, yet shows little loss in accuracy. Our proposal can be applied to both system level simulations to save the time consumption and to practical terminals to facilitate the adaptive modulation and coding （AMC） procedure, bringing about throughput improvement at low hardware cost.     

A POCS-Based Algorithm for Blocking Artifacts Reduction

Introduction Block-based discrete cosine transform(BDCT) is considered to be a basic tool in bothstill and moving image compression standards,such as JPEG, H.261/263, and MPEG, owing toits near-optimal energy compaction property andmoderate hardware complexity. However, sinceeach N×N block is coded independently, the re-constructed images would exhibit annoying discon-tinuities along block boundaries at low bit rate,which are often referred to as the“blocking arti-facts”in the transfo…