对河北省长城旅游公路建设中环境保护的探讨

河北省长城旅游公路是河北省委、省政府提出的实施加快发展旅游业并带动经济发展的重大举措。由于绝大部分处于山岭重丘区,加上沿线名胜古迹和风景区较多,环境保护问题十分突出。文章围绕长城旅游公路的修建中的环境保护的具体做法,对山区旅游公路建设的环境保护工作进行了探讨。     

山区公路设计中应注意的问题分析

随着社会的不断发展,城市与山区公路在建设方面有着全新的发展。因为山区公路本身的特殊性,设计过程中在安全、环境保护以及行车舒适性等方面均有较高的要求,但是又因为环境本身的条件约束,导致在公路的规划与设计过程中存在许多的问题。对此,本文从山区公路设计现状着手,详细分析山区公路设计中存在且应当的主要问题,希望可以为今后相关工作提供理论性指导。     

西部项目研究成果提升天山公路病害防治能力

编者按：西部地区地形地质条件复杂，生态环境敏感脆弱，交通建设必然会遇到许多技术难题。西部项目“天山公路工程地质病害研究”，提出了天山公路建设中的灾害防治措施和环境保护对策及技术建议，不但保障了天山公路改造工程的顺利实施，而且对于新疆乃至全国山区公路泥石流等公路病害防治具有科学指导和经验借鉴作用。本篇对西部项目天山公路工程地质病害研究成果进行介绍，以期推广使用。     

关于山区公路设计的要点分析

本文结合西宁至塔尔寺公路实例,对山区公路设计中存在的问题进行了分析,重点对山区公路设计要点进行了研究。实践证明,科学合理的山区公路设计方案,在实现山区公路施工质量及整体效益等方面发挥着重要现实意义。     

刍议山区公路地质灾害的预防与治理

通过对山区公路地质灾害的种类及形成特点的分析,提出了山区公路地质灾害的预防措施和治理建议.     

山区公路高路堤与高架桥方案选择

针对山区公路中经常出现的高路堤与高架桥,结合平安至阿岱高速公路(左半幅)K34 130～K34 440段设计,从路线总体设计、环境保护、工程可靠度及工程价造等方面对高路堤与高架桥方案的合理选择进行论证.     

公路环境保护与环境影响评价

阐述公路环境保护功能及措施,并对加拿大公路环境保护与我国的环境保护进行比较。     

山区公路桥梁建设对环境的影响与对策

随着公路建设的不断发展,山区公路越来越多,当公路跨越山沟、河谷时,需要修筑不同型式的桥梁,桥梁建设会对现有环境造成一定的影响。本文对山区公路桥梁建设对环境的影响及对策进行了介绍说明,旨在引起大家在山区桥梁建设过程中对环境的重视。     

福建山区公路桥梁设计方案的选择

福建山区公路地形地质复杂,桥梁总长占路线长度比例大,要设计一条成功的山区公路,需选择合理的桥梁设计方案。本文根据山区公路桥梁的设计实践,针对山区地形地质等自然条件,提出桥型及墩台基础方案的设计选择,为山区公路桥梁设计提供借鉴。     

山区公路路线设计与质量控制分析

针对山区公路设计的特点,分析了山区公路路线设计与质量控制的必要性,探讨了路线平面设计和纵面设计的方法,提出山区公路路线设计质量控制方法,以促进山区公路建设与发展。     

道路环境对交通安全的影响及对策

交通安全,涉及到人、车以及道路和环境等很多因素。近年来,因为各种原因使得有关单位以及人员将更多的将精力放在人、车、道路这几个因素上,对道路交通环境没有过多的考虑和研究。深入研究道路交通环境,有利于道路交通的安全,文章通过对其的研究和分析,得出有关道路交通环境对交通安全的影响和解决措施,对于防止道路交通安全事故具有重要意义。同时为人们的生命财产的安全提供保障、对构建社会主义和谐社会具有很大帮助。     

Analyzing spatiotemporal traffic line source emissions based on massive didi online car-hailing service data

Nowadays, the massive car-hailing data has become a popular source for analyzing traffic operation and road congestion status, which unfortunately has seldom been extended to capture detailed on-road traffic emissions. This study aims to investigate the relationship between road traffic emissions and the related built environment factors, as well as land uses. The Computer Program to Calculate Emissions from Road Transport (COPERT) model from European Environment Agency (EEA) was introduced to estimate the 24-h NOx emission pattern of road segments with the parameters extracted from Didi massive trajectory data. Then, the temporal Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) Clustering was used to classify road segments based on the 24-h emission rates, while Geographical Detector and MORAN’s I were introduced to verify the impact of built environment on line source emissions and the similarity of emissions generated from the nearby road segments. As a result, the spatial autoregressive moving average (SARMA) regression model was incorporated to assess the impact of selected built environment factors on the road segment emission rate based on the probabilistic results from FCM. It was found that short road length, being close to city center, high density of bus stations, more ramps nearby and high proportion of residential or commercial land would substantially increase the emission rate. Finally, the 24-h atmospheric NO₂ concentrations were obtained from the environmental monitor stations, to calculate the time variational trend by comparing with the line source traffic emissions, which to some extent explains the contribution of on-road traffic to the overall atmospheric pollution. Result of this study could guide urban planning, so as to avoid transportation related built environment attributes which may contribute to serious atmospheric environment pollutions.     

Willingness to pay for road curviness and road type

This paper develops a method to value two road design features: curviness and road type (2-lane, 4-lane without a median, and 4-lane with a wide grass median). These features are linked to the safety of the road environment, providing information on how much individuals are willing to pay to reduce exposure to risk in the driving environment when trading between mixtures of curviness and road type. A stated choice experiment was designed in which car and truck drivers undertaking regional and inter-urban trips out of six New Zealand cities evaluated alternative trip profiles in terms of travel times and costs in addition to curviness and road type, and chose one of the trip profiles as the most preferred.     

道路生态学在植物及动物方面的研究动态综述

基于道路建设给生态环境带来的不利影响，道路生态学成为了一门新兴学科。文章回顾了道路生态学的研究历程，详细论述了道路生态学在植物和动物方面最新的研究动态。     

基于可持续发展的山区生态公路建设研究

文章从可持续发展的角度出发,将生态学的基本观点运用到公路基础设施建设领域,介绍了生态公路的内涵,分析了山区公路建设对自然生态环境的影响,探索贯穿公路工程项目整个寿命期内各阶段的,能体现可持续发展战略且适合国情的山区生态公路建设思路。     

Effects of neighborhood environments on perceived risk of self-driving: evidence from the 2015 and 2017 Puget Sound Travel Surveys

Autonomous vehicles (AVs), with an expectation of improving road safety, are closer to becoming a reality. A large number of people are still concerned about how AVs would operate in real-life driving environments. The present paper investigates the factors that affect people’s views of the interactions between AVs and other road users based on a large sample from the 2015 and 2017 Puget Sound Travel Surveys. We specifically highlight the effects of the neighborhood environment and road infrastructure. We estimate a generalized ordered logit model to demonstrate the extent to which certain neighborhood environment and road infrastructure features affect individuals’ safety perceptions of AVs, controlling for demographics, daily travel patterns, and general interest in riding AVs. The results reveal that designated bicycle facilities are positively associated with individuals’ safety perceptions related to AVs. We find that residents from neighborhoods with more pedestrian facilities are more likely to express higher levels of concern on AVs’ capabilities to react to the environment. Our results also suggest that people living in mixed-use neighborhoods are more confident in sharing the road with AVs. The findings provide useful implications for effective policy interventions and infrastructure provisions that may affect the market penetration rates of AVs while keeping up the standards for other road users, such as bicyclists and pedestrians.

     

某公路施工期环境影响评价与防治

文童从生态环境、声环境、水环境等方面出发,分析了某公路建设对环境所造成的各种影响,提出了相应的防治措施和对策,为公路施工项目的环境评价及防治提供参考。     

道路桥梁建设中绿色施工技术的应用研究

随着可持续发展战略提出,对建筑工程施工提出更高的要求,绿色施工技术在道路桥梁建设中应用较多,在减少环境污染以及保护环境方面做出突出贡献。本文针对于绿色施工技术在道路桥梁建设中应用意义展开分析,随后探讨了绿色施工技术在道路桥梁建设中应用要点,最后探讨了加强绿色施工技术在道路桥梁建设中应用措施。     

Study on road section environmental traffic capacity model and algorithm under double constraints

The coordinated development of city traffic and environment is a key research content in traffic field in twenty-first Century. Among them, road section environmental traffic capacity analysis is one of the important research issues. It can provide solid theoretical basis and reliable data support for road network traffic optimization control, road traffic pollution control and city traffic structure optimization. This paper analyzed main factors which impacted environmental traffic capacity from two aspects, including road capacity constraint conditions and road traffic pollution control constraint conditions. Then, road section environmental traffic capacity optimization model was established, and method of improved augmented Lagrange function was used to solve the model. Case study showed that, (1) The environmental traffic capacity optimal model and methodology were effective; (2) In order to ensure road section environmental traffic capacity greater than (or equal to) road capacity, some measures could be taken including adjusting motor vehicle type proportion as well as improving emission characteristics of motor vehicles exhausting pollutants.     

Wooded area,forest road-killed animals: Intensity and seasonal differences of road mortality on a small,newly upgraded road in western Romania

The roads are one of the most obvious expressions of modern society, being considered vital for economical growth. Nevertheless, roads have a very strong negative impact upon environment, manifested, among others, by road mortality. In Romania numerous minor roads are currently upgraded and asphalted. In the year 2016, on a road of this kind, in a wooded mountain area, we recorded 1628 road killed animals belonging to 48 taxons. The majority were forest and wet areas animals (earthworms, snails, amphibians, etc), characteristic for the road’s vicinity. Flying or dry areas animals were fewer. The road crosses the forest and the wet areas animals’ habitats. Now, they are certain victims on the road, because its recent upgrade had increased the cars’ speed. Road mortality differed between periods and according to the road surroundings aspect. The highest road mortality intensity was registered at the end of the spring. It has dropped in the summer and then rose again in the autumn, but just moderately. The animals were affected according to their life cycle and ecological demands. On this minor road surrounded by relatively uniform wooded habitats, the road mortality differences were determined in the first place by the demandings and life cycle of the victims, which were affected by meteorological conditions. This studied road is a proof of how forest native animals are exposed once their habitat is crossed by a road.