基于交通安全的高速公路线形组合综合效应分析

公路运输系统是一个由人-车-路-环境所组成的动态系统,其依赖的基础条件是道路.通过分析高速公路道路线形的几何要素与事故的关系,进而对高速公路线形组合的协同性与道路交通安全的关系进行深入探讨.分析表明,道路线形条件是造成事故多发的一个主要原因.分析了高速公路线形组合综合效应对交通安全的影响,可以为道路设计和交通事故的预防提供依据,并且减少道路因素对事故的影响,是改善交通安全状况、遏制交通事故增长趋势的有交途径.     

道路交通事故分析及预防对策

道路交通事故的预防是一个系统工程,通过对全国和新疆道路交通安全现状与道路交通事故原因的对比分析,分别从影响道路交通安全的人、车、路及环境四个方面提出了降低和预防道路交通事故的发生,确保行车安全的相应措施和建议。     

中外公路交通安全管理比较

公路交通受人、车、路、环境等复杂因素的影响,因此不可避免地发生交通事故,这是一个社会问题,世界各国都投入大量的人力、物力来研究应对交通事故的政策与具体的安全管理措施.本文拟对欧美、日本等发达国家的交通安全情况和我国交通安全管理情况进行比较分析,找出我国目前在交通安全管理方面存在的问题以及应采取的对策.     

冰雪、大雾天气下交通安全保障设施应用研究

文章分析了冰雪、大雾天气的特点及其对道路行车安全的影响,探讨了冰雪、大雾天气下的交通安全保障措施,并对各种交通安全保障设施的设置进行了优化研究,为不良气候条件下的道路交通安全设计、评价提供技术依据。     

城市道路交通安全预测与评价方法研究

为提高城市道路交通安全性,确保车辆通畅、安全运行,对城市道路交通安全预测与评价方法进行研究。首先,分析影响道路交通安全的相关因素;其次,解读研究过程中所涉及的理论,通过构建安全预测模型、实施指标评价方法,提高城市道路交通安全预测与评价结果的准确性;最后,分析车辆行驶轨迹获取方式,以及车速离散度、紧急加速或减速行为对交通安全造成的实际影响。研究取得预期成果,可实现对交通安全的有效预测与评价,能为城市道路交通安全管控提供可靠参考。     

关于制定我国道路安全战略的构想

对我国近年来的交通事故统计资料进行了数据分析.根据我国道路交通安全现状,参考了国外治理交通安全的成功经验,试图提出从宏观的角度控制我国交通安全恶化趋势的设想,通过制定并执行我国的道路安全战略.并针对实际情况,确定了我国当前制定道路安全战略的侧重点和应优先考虑的问题.     

城乡结合部道路交通安全设计的要点

城乡结合部区域具有显著的独特性,其中城乡结合部的道路最为特殊,道路上汇集着各种各样的车辆,存在着极大的交通安全隐患,为此必须加强此区域道路的交通安全设计。本文主要总结城乡结合部的道路交通安全设计要点,包括保证视距适宜、平面线形合理、科学的机非分离设计、科学设计道路两侧设施、设置明显的交通标识,从而提高城乡结合部的道路安全性,更有效地维护城乡结合部道路上通行人员的安全。     

道路客货分离交通功能实现技术研究

客货分离是当前缓解道路交通拥挤、提高交通运行效率以及交通安全的有效措施,本文通过分析客货分离的研究现状及客货分离的工程实际意义,并对影响道路实施客货分离可行性的主要因素进行研究,总结了当前工程上客货分离的主要措施类型,对当前我国实行客货分离规划有一定理论指导意义。     

城市地下道路提质升级探讨

针对城市地下道路当前运行情况，通过对现状问题进行分析，得出现状问题主要包含交通安全问题、结构病害、智慧化管理水平不足等类型。其中，影响交通安全因素主要为节点交通拥堵、安全设施设置不规范和隧道洞口黑洞效应。通过对现状问题形成原因分析及不同类型问题的针对性处理，从交通安全与照明设施完善、交通运行管控提升、智慧防灾预控和智慧管养方面提出对城市地下道路提质升级建议。由研究可知：1）城市地下道路提质升级应因隧制宜，采取有针对性的措施，使改造更人性化、经济化；2）智能化技术在城市地下道路交通运行状态全息感知、运行态势分析、运行状态预警管控、防灾智慧检测和智能养护等领域有较好应用前景。     

道路交通安全与驾驶员的因素探索

通过对道路交通安全与驾驶员的因素探索,分析道路交通事故产生的主要原因即人的因素,提出了安全行车的措施和建议。     

A scenario on the evolving road service informatics in Europe

Road Transport Informatics is being developed to improve road transport. Telecommunication links will connect microcomputers in vehicles with roadside beacons and traffic control centers. Drivers can get better information and guidance en route. If these functions are charged as services rather than sold as products, a better traffic can be obtained. This can improve traffic safety, efficiency and the environment.     

基于关联规则的重大道路交通事故影响因素分析

相比于一般交通事故,重大道路交通事故的特征及其影响机理会有所差异,本文旨在研究重大道路交通事故的分布特征及其主要影响因素。收集2014至2018年的重大道路交通事故数据,从驾驶员行为、车辆状况、道路线形和时空分布方面对重大道路交通事故的基本特征进行分析,采用关联规则技术深入挖掘重大道路交通事故多因素的影响机理。从人、车、道路和环境四个方面,重点讨论了重大道路交通事故中的两因素和三因素交互作用的影响机理,并据此提出了针对性的事故预防措施。     

Bayesian network-based formulation and analysis for toll road utilization supported by traffic information provision

Congestion pricing has been proposed and investigated as an effective means of optimizing traffic assignment, alleviating congestion, and enhancing traffic operation efficiencies. Meanwhile, advanced traffic information dissemination systems, such as Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS), have been developed and deployed to provide real-time, accurate, and complete network-wide traffic information to facilitate travelers’ trip plans and routing selections. Recent advances in ATIS technologies, especially telecommunication technology, allow dynamic, personalized, and multimodal traffic information to be disseminated and impact travelers’ choices of departure times, alternative routes, and travel modes in the context of congestion pricing. However, few studies were conducted to determine the impact of traffic information dissemination on toll road utilizations. In this study, the effects of the provisions of traffic information on toll road usage are investigated and analyzed based on a stated preference survey conducted in Texas. A Bayesian Network (BN)-based approach is developed to discover travelers’ opinions and preferences for toll road utilization supported by network-wide traffic information provisions. The probabilistic interdependencies among various attributes, including routing choice, departure time, traffic information dissemination mode, content, coverage, commuter demographic information, and travel patterns, are identified and their impacts on toll road usage are quantified. The results indicate that the BN model performs reasonably well in travelers’ preference classifications for toll road utilization and knowledge extraction. The BN Most Probable Explanation (MPE) measurement, probability inference and variable influence analysis results illustrate travelers using highway advisory radio and internet as their primary mode of receiving traffic information are more likely to comply with routing recommendations and use toll roads. Traffic information regarding congested roads, road hazard warnings, and accident locations is of great interest to travelers, who tend to acquire such information and use toll roads more frequently. Travel time formation for home-based trips can considerably enhance travelers’ preferences for toll road usage. Female travelers tend to seek traffic information and utilize toll roads more frequently. As expected, the information provided at both pre-trip and en-route stages can positively influence travelers’ preferences for toll road usage. The proposed methodology and research findings advance our previous study and provide insight into travelers’ behavioral tendencies concerning toll road utilization in support of traffic information dissemination.     

Safety in the road environment: a driver behavioural response perspective

The existing literature on road safety suggests that a driver's perception of safety is an important influence on their driving behaviour. A challenging research question is how to measure the perception of safety given the complex interactions among drivers, vehicles and the road setting. In this paper, we investigate a sample of driver evaluations of the perception of safety associated with a set of typical road environments. A roundabout was selected as the context for the empirical study. Data was obtained by a computerised survey using the video-captured road and traffic situations. A controlled experiment elicited driver responses when faced with a mixture of attributes that describe the roundabout environment. An ordered probit model identified the contribution of each attribute to the overall determination of the perception of safety. An indicator of perceived safety was developed for a number of typical road and traffic situations and for different driver segments.     

Overtaking assistant assessment using traffic simulation

This contribution presents the results of a microscopic traffic simulation study of the potential effects of an overtaking assistant for two-lane rural roads. The overtaking assistant is developed to support drivers in judging whether or not an overtaking opportunity can be accepted based on the distance to the next oncoming vehicle. Drivers have been found to consider this to be a difficult part of an overtaking manoeuvre. The assistant’s effects on traffic efficiency, driver comfort and road safety have been investigated using traffic simulation. The results indicate that this type of overtaking assistant can provide safety benefits in terms of increased average time-to-collision to the next oncoming vehicle during overtaking manoeuvres. This safety benefit can be achieved without negative consequences for traffic efficiency and driver comfort. A driver assistance system that supports the distance judging part of overtaking manoeuvres can therefore contribute to improved traffic conditions on the two-lane rural roads of the future.     

Agricultural vehicles and sustainable safe road traffic: solving conflicts on arterial highways

Addressing the issues of traffic safety in rural areas presents a constant challenge. The mix of light and heavy vehicles and the considerable differences in speed among these traffic participants result in high risks and delays for the faster vehicles. Agricultural vehicles (AVs) in particular have such an impact on traffic, especially when using arterial highways. This paper reviews the problems of safety and delays that AVs cause on arterial highways, and the appropriate mitigation. The concept of 'sustainable safety' in The Netherlands focuses on these problems, because of the proposed construction of parallel roads alongside all arterial highways. However, Dutch accident statistics cannot justify the high costs for the construction of parallel roads alongside 7000 km of arterial highways. Delays experienced by fast traffic are another reason for separating AVs from other road users with parallel roads. Alternative measures alongside the arterial highway, such as passing bays, restricting AVs to travelling at off-peak only and improving the conspicuity of the AVs, may be more cost-effective ways of reducing delays and/or improving traffic safety on arterial highways. Another solution may be to eliminate the need for AVs to use the arterial highway by altering their routes. For this purpose, land reallocation projects (as practised in Holland) can provide a useful tool.     

Study on road section environmental traffic capacity model and algorithm under double constraints

The coordinated development of city traffic and environment is a key research content in traffic field in twenty-first Century. Among them, road section environmental traffic capacity analysis is one of the important research issues. It can provide solid theoretical basis and reliable data support for road network traffic optimization control, road traffic pollution control and city traffic structure optimization. This paper analyzed main factors which impacted environmental traffic capacity from two aspects, including road capacity constraint conditions and road traffic pollution control constraint conditions. Then, road section environmental traffic capacity optimization model was established, and method of improved augmented Lagrange function was used to solve the model. Case study showed that, (1) The environmental traffic capacity optimal model and methodology were effective; (2) In order to ensure road section environmental traffic capacity greater than (or equal to) road capacity, some measures could be taken including adjusting motor vehicle type proportion as well as improving emission characteristics of motor vehicles exhausting pollutants.     

Evolution over time of heavy vehicle volume in toll roads: A dynamic panel data to identify key explanatory variables in Spain

Improving the knowledge of demand evolution over time is a key aspect in the evaluation of transport policies and in forecasting future investment needs. It becomes even more critical for the case of toll roads, which in recent decades has become an increasingly common device to fund road projects. However, literature regarding demand elasticity estimates in toll roads is sparse and leaves some important aspects to be analyzed in greater detail. In particular, previous research on traffic analysis does not often disaggregate heavy vehicle demand from the total volume, so that the specific behavioral patterns of this traffic segment are not taken into account. Furthermore, GDP is the main socioeconomic variable most commonly chosen to explain road freight traffic growth over time. This paper seeks to determine the variables that better explain the evolution of heavy vehicle demand in toll roads over time. To that end, we present a dynamic panel data methodology aimed at identifying the key socioeconomic variables that explain the behavior of road freight traffic throughout the years. The results show that, despite the usual practice, GDP may not constitute a suitable explanatory variable for heavy vehicle demand. Rather, considering only the GDP of those sectors with a high impact on transport demand, such as construction or industry, leads to more consistent results. The methodology is applied to Spanish toll roads for the 1990–2011 period. This is an interesting case in the international context, as road freight demand has experienced an even greater reduction in Spain than elsewhere, since the beginning of the economic crisis in 2008.     

公路交通噪声监测方法和防治措施研究

本文分析了交通噪声产生的危害,强调交通噪声防治的重要性,结合现行高速公路交通噪声声环境功能区质量监测、衰减断面监测等监测方法,从路线选择、新技术运用、声传递控制等方面综述了可行且有效的交通噪声防治方法,并提出应基于降低噪声污染源源强角度出发,加强降噪路面及低噪声运输工具研发工作,从源头控制噪声污染,从根本上解决噪声污染问题的建议。     

Effect of road width and traffic volume on vehicular interactions in heterogeneous traffic

Highway traffic flow phenomena involve several complex and stochastic variables with high interdependencies. The variations in roadway, traffic and environmental factors influence the traffic flow quality significantly. Capacity analysis of road sections under different traffic and geometric conditions need to quantify the vehicles of widely varying characteristics to a common and universally acceptable unit. Passenger car unit (PCU) is the universally adopted unit of traffic volume, keeping the passenger car as the ‘standard vehicle’ with reference to its static and dynamic characteristics; other vehicles are expressed to its equivalent number in terms of PCUs. The studies carried out in this aspect represent the dynamic nature of impedance caused by a vehicle while moving through a traffic stream. The PCU values recommended by the Highway Capacity Manual are widely applied in many countries; however, their applicability is highly under debate because of the variations in prevailing local traffic conditions. There are several factors that influence the PCU values such as traffic, roadway, vehicle, environmental and control conditions, etc. Apart from vehicular characteristics, the other two major factors that influence the PCU of vehicles are the following: (i) road width and (ii) traffic volume. In this study, estimation of PCU values for the different types of vehicles of a highly heterogeneous traffic on 7.5‐ and 11.0‐m‐wide roads, using micro‐simulation technique, has been dealt with. It has been found that the PCU value of a vehicle type varies significantly with variation in road width and traffic volume. The results of the study indicate that the PCU values are significantly influenced by the said two factors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.