武汉地铁2号线区间隧道超浅埋地层矿山法施工技术

武汉地铁2号线一期工程武昌段区间隧道以矿山法施工为主.其中虎泉至名都站区间隧道存在240 m左右的超浅埋段.洞顶覆盖层厚度基本均小于1倍洞径.且上覆地层为人工杂填土和粘土,人工杂填土层发育有上层滞水.根据超浅埋段地质条件和注浆试验结果,采用了地表注浆、分台阶预留核心土、双排注浆小导管超前支护、钢格栅加强支护、喷混凝土封闭成环、回填注浆等整体开挖施工方案和支护措施.施工监测结果表明:地表沉降及周边建筑物的变形满足相应的控制标准,有效地提高了施工的安全性,取得了较好的施工效果.     

地表注浆技术在隧道浅埋偏压破碎带中的应用

针对天汕高速广福隧道浅埋偏压破碎带,开展了超前地表预注浆技术在隧道浅埋偏压破碎带的应用研究。     

浅埋偏压段隧道洞口地表沉降变形控制分析

文章对岜肯隧道浅埋偏压段洞口施工中出现的塌方及初衬开裂情况进行客观分析,结合施工实际提出了地表加固及平衡土体偏压措施,有效地控制了地表变形及隧道沉降开裂,保证了隧道施工安全、顺利进行。     

砒霜坳隧道右线出口浅埋软弱围岩的施工方法

本文主要介绍京珠高速公路粤境北段砒霜坳隧道右线出口浅埋软弱围岩段的施工方法及工艺,包括地表加固、设置明洞、回填反压、长管棚注浆超前支护、双侧壁导坑以及监控量测,取得显著成效,保证了施工进度和安全.     

高速公路隧道洞口浅埋段施工技术探析

在隧道施工中针对稳定性较差的洞口浅埋段采取改善和提高洞口围岩自稳能力的方法,如预注浆、洞口土方刷坡、预支护以及锚网喷等技术,以此提高高速公路隧道洞口浅埋段的施工质量和施工安全性。结合施工实例,分析高速公路隧道洞口浅埋段的施工技术,包括围岩加固技术、开挖技术,以供相关工程参考。     

耿家屋基隧道浅埋偏压洞口段施工方案探讨

文章以贵州省某高速公路耿家屋基隧道进口端浅埋偏压段施工为例,针对不良地质条件,介绍了三台阶留核心土开挖方法结合超前大管棚、径向小导管注浆辅助施工的浅埋偏压洞口段施工方案,为今后公路隧道施工处理类似工程情况提供参考。     

铜锣山隧道岩溶浅埋段地表注浆试验研究

针对目前隧道地表注浆工程中出现的一些问题,以铜锣山隧道岩溶浅埋段K33 940～K34 035地表注浆为例,利用正交试验方法对3种注浆材料及36种浆液配比进行室内浆液试验研究,找到了适合于铜锣山隧道岩溶浅埋段地表注浆的注浆材料和合理的浆液配比。通过该试验得出:铜锣山隧道岩溶地区及裂隙较发育的地段,地表注浆压力应控制在1.0～1.5 MPa,注浆扩散半径约为1.0～1.5 m。同时也提出了压水试验、声波测试及取芯试验等多种注浆质量检测手段,进一步完善了隧道地表注浆的技术方法。     

大跨浅埋隧道极软岩富水界面综合施工技术

针对大跨浅埋隧道极软岩富水界面段施工,传统处理方法多为帷幕注浆固结,但此种工法存在施工周期长、工程造价高等缺点。兰渝铁路咀头隧道在此地质施工时,针对隧道埋深浅的特点,采用地表高压旋喷加固,结合洞内分部开挖、φ89钢管锁脚配合强支护参数等综合措施,达到了快速、安全、经济施工,对类似工程的施工有一定的借鉴和参考价值。     

超浅埋暗挖隧道施工技术

文章介绍了在确保上方高速公路地面交通正常通行的情况下,超宽断面、埋深仅为0.5～2.5m的超浅埋平顶直墙下穿隧道工程采用管棚超前支护,结合小导管注浆加固地层、多导洞施工方案和微台阶开挖法来达到控制地表沉降和保证施工安全的"浅埋暗挖法"施工技术。     

浅埋偏压隧道进洞施工技术

文章结合铁寨子13隧道工程实例,介绍了进洞方案的比选、施工过程中出现的问题及其处理方法,提出了在浅埋偏压、复杂地质条件下采用明拱暗墙法进洞施工技术,既可确保洞口边仰坡稳定,又可保证进洞安全.在施工过程中采用超前长管棚注浆预加固、钢拱架和喷混凝土作初期支护、分部开挖等技术措施,从而确保了隧道施工的安全.     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.